Fuchsias ndi maluwa okongola maluwa. Posachedwa, fuchsias ndi otchuka kwambiri osati ku Europe ndi ku America kokha, komanso ku Russia. Zimatengera kuyesayesa pang'ono kuti mukulitse - ndipo maluwa ambiri opepuka a fuchsia okhala ndi "masiketi" okongola amakusangalatsani ndi mitundu yowala nthawi yonse ya chilimwe!
Fuchsia mumphika. © Maja DumatKutchulidwa koyamba kwa fuchsia kudalembedwa zaka pafupifupi 300 zapitazo, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo obereketsa aletsa mitundu yoposa chikwi ya zokongola izi. Pali mitundu ikuluikulu komanso tchire yamtundu wa fuchsia.
Fuchsias amathanso kukulidwa m'mabasiketi opachikika, ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mitengo yokhazikika kapena tchire lokongola. Fuchsia ikhoza kumalimidwa kunyumba komanso mumsewu. Koma mikhalidwe ya chisanu yozizira ya ku Russia, adzafera panthaka, chifukwa cha kugwa, fuchsias ayenera kusamutsidwa kuchokera kumunda kupita nthawi yachisanu m'malo abwino.
Fuchsia, Latin - Fuchsia.
Fuchsia, wogulitsa chomera wodziwika bwino, adapeza "mpweya wachiwiri" ndikupanga ma hybrids omwe, choyamba, amafalikira pofesa mbewu, ndipo, kachiwiri, amatulutsa posachedwa, miyezi 4-5 atabzala. Popeza mitundu ingapo imasakanikirana "m'magazi" amtunduwu wosakanizika, umatchedwa hybrid fuchsia (F. x hybrida). Koma kuthekera kwa pachimake mchaka chofesa kumatipatsa mwayi woti tifotokozere za fuchsia nthawi yachilimwe. Chofunika kwambiri, chimaphukira chilimwe chonse. Nthawi yomweyo, fuchsia amakhalabe osatha, nthawi yozizira imatha kusungidwa m'chipinda chozizira, chowala ndikutsitsidwa ndi khungu. Fuchsia limamasula kuyambira Julayi mpaka chisanu choyamba.
Fuchsia ndi wosakanizidwa. © Alejandro Bayer TamayoMawonekedwe
Malo: Fuchsia ndi thermophilic, ngakhale pali mitundu yomwe imalekerera chisanu chaching'ono, chimakonda chinyezi, koma sichilekerera madzi ochulukirapo m'nthaka, imakonda malo opanda dzuwa kapena osasalala opanda nthaka komanso dothi labwino.
Chisamaliro: Kuthirira pafupipafupi, koma popanda madzi ochulukirapo, ndi kuvala pamwamba ndi feteleza wovuta masiku onse 10 mpaka 14 kumapereka maluwa ochuluka komanso opitilira maluwa.
Tikufika: Mukabzala panthaka, fuchsia imabzalidwa kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa June, ndikuzutsa khosi ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Masabata awiri mutabzala, mbewuzo zikamera bwino, zimaphukira msanga. Masamba oyambilira oyambilira a gochsia ochokera m'magulu onse amaloledwa bwino, akumalimbitsa mtima asanapumule. Kutulutsa maluwa kudera la Moscow kumatha kumapeto kwa Seputembala - kuyambira Okutobala.
Kukula
Ngakhale kuti fuchsia ndiwochulukirapo, kuwonetsa mwachindunji dzuwa sikofunikira kwa iye. Pa tsiku lotentha, masamba ndi maluwa amatha kutentha kwambiri.
Kukula kokhazikika komanso maluwa ambiri otambalala kumalimbikitsidwa ndi kuthirira kambiri, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kuvala pafupipafupi, nthaka yabwino komanso mpweya wabwino.
Fuchsia. © DavidChomera chimadzimva bwino kwambiri kunja kwamalimwe ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, sichitha kuvutika ndi tizirombo. Chipinda chotseka komanso chotentha chokhala ndi mpweya wouma, ma aphid, zovala zoyera, ndi mbewa zing'onozing'ono mwina zingawukire. Izi zikachitika, choyamba muyenera kuwonjezera chinyezi komanso kusamalira chitsamba pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza. Izi zimachitika bwino panja, nyengo yabwino, mumthunzi, kutsatira malangizo.
Fuchsias ayenera kubzala m'miphika ya utoto wowala, chifukwa samatenthedwa ndi dzuwa kuposa wakuda kapena woderapo.
Gawo lapansi mumphika mu fuchsia liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Kuti tipewe chinyezi, timadzaza dongo kapena timiyala ting'onoting'ono timathira pansi pamphika. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lotayirira.
Muzipinda zokhala ndi mpweya wouma, fuchsia imalapidwa nthawi zambiri, koma osatero pansi pa thambo nyengo yotentha. Mitundu iliyonse yamtundu wa fuchsia simalola kutentha nthawi yayitali, makamaka ngati kuli kuwala kwadzuwa.
Fuchsia. © Erick GustafsonFuchsia amadyetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata ndi feteleza amadzimadzi a maluwa a khonde. Mavalidwe apamwamba amayamba pomwe masamba oyamba amawonekera mu masika. Mu Seputembala, pakucha mphukira, kuvala kwapamwamba kumachepetsedwa.
Maluwa owonda a fuchsia amachotsedwa nthawi zonse kuti amalimbikitse mbewu kuti apange masamba atsopano.
Asanayambe chisanu usiku, fuchsias amayeretsedwa. Mulingo woyenera - wowala bwino, wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino, wokhala ndi kutentha kwa 5-10C. Masamba amachotsedwa kuti tizirombo ndi bowa tisazipitirire. Fuchsia amathiriridwa madzi m'nyengo yozizira kuti nyemba zokha zisaume. Chapakatikati, chomeracho chikamereranso, kuthirira kumachulukirachulukira. Pakawopsezedwa chisanu chamadzulo, chimachitika pansi pa thambo.
Fuchsia nthawi zambiri amatenga kudulira kwa anti-kukalamba kuti chomera chiwoneke. Mukugwa, asalowetsedwe mchipindacho, mphukira amazidulira ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kapena atatu. Chapakatikati, mphukira zimafupikitsidwanso ndi masamba awiriawiri. Ma fundo obowola kwambiri amawadula kuti amangirike m'mphepete mwa mphikawo.
Fuchsia ndiye akukwera m'nthaka. Zomera zazikulu zingabzalidwe mu dothi lililonse labwino ngati mulibe vuto lililonse, ndikuphatikizira ndi peat, mchenga ndi perlite. Dongo laling'ono limatha kuwonjezeredwa kuti lipange michere m'nthaka. Zomera zazikulu, zosakanikirana za malo owetera, peat, humus ndi kompositi (2: 1: 1: 1) kapena tsamba lamasamba, peat ndi mchenga (3: 2: 1) zingalimbikitsidwe.
Fuchsia. © btckMasika aliwonse, ma fuchsias amasinthidwa kukhala gawo latsopano kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha turf, humus, dothi lamasamba ndi mchenga (2: 2: 2: 1). Miphika imatenga kuposa masentimita awiri am'mbuyomu.
Nthawi yamaluwa, simungathe kukonzanso fuchsia kuchokera kumalo kupita kwina kapena kutembenukira chitsamba, chifukwa izi zimatha kutsitsa masamba ndi maluwa.
Ngati maluwa atha msanga, chifukwa chake chimatha kukhala nthawi yozizira kwambiri, kuthirira kwambiri kapena kusakwanira kwa nthawi yakukula.
Kudula kwamadzi m'nthaka kumawonekera chifukwa cha mawanga a bulauni omwe amakhala ndi masamba achikaso pamaso. Maluwa ofota ayenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake kuti mapangidwe a nthanga asachitike, nthawi yamaluwa imachepetsedwa. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, achichepere achichepere amasintha ndipo adzakusangalatsani inu chilimwe ndi masamba awo, nyali ndi maluwa owoneka bwino.
Fuchsia.
Kuswana
Kufalikira kwa fuchsia podulidwa.
Zodulidwa, achinyamata kudula kwa fuchsia ayenera kumwedwa. Kudula pang'ono pang'ono kwa fuchsia kumathandizanso mizu, koma njirayi imatenga nthawi yayitali. Kutalika kwa kudula kwa fuchsia kumatha kudalira osiyanasiyana, chifukwa pali mitundu yambiri ya fuchsia. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa phesi la fuchsia kumatha kukhala 10-20 cm. Musanayike phesi ya fuchsia mu chidebe chamadzi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba onse apansi omwe angakumane ndi madzi. Kukhudza madzi, masamba a fuchsia amatha kuyamba kuvunda, matendawa amafalikira mwachangu ndipo zodulidwa za fuchsia zimatha kuwola, osakhala ndi nthawi yopereka mizu. Mutha kufupitsanso masamba otsalawo ndi theka ngati ali akulu kwambiri, chifukwa kufinya kwambiri chifukwa chokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu kumatha kufooketsa phesi la fuchsia, lomwe mulibe mizu yake. Ngati masamba a fuchsia asowa turgor, ikani galasi ndi phesi mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena ingophimba ndi chikwama chowonekera. Madzi amayeneranso kusefedwa wamba. Palibe nzeru kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni apadera kuti muzu wa fuchsia, chifukwa fuchsia kudula ndipo mofunitsitsa komanso mwachangu mizu. Zachitika kuti patsiku lachinayi atadula phesi la fuchsia, mizu yoyamba imawonekera. Pafupifupi, muzu wopanga mizu mu fuchsia amatenga masiku 10-14. Sikufunika kudikira kuti phesi la fuchsia likule mizu yayitali. Mutha kubzala fuchsia mu gawo lapansi mutangotuluka mizu ingapo pazodulidwa.
Fuchsia imatha kufalitsidwanso ndi kudula nthawi iliyonse pachaka, koma imakhala bwino kwambiri nthawi yophukira, pomwe zinthu zonse zamoyo zizayamba kukula. Chifukwa fuchsia amakonda kuzizira, m'chilimwe, chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya, kufalitsa kwa fuchsia ndikovuta - zodulidwa nthawi zambiri zimavunda, osakhala ndi nthawi yopereka mizu. Ndikotheka kuthetsa vuto la kufalitsa kwa fuchsia m'chilimwe ngati zodulidwazo zili m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya. Komanso mutha kukumana ndi vuto mukamafalitsa fuchsia pakugwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti fuchsia ili ndi nthawi yopumula, yomwe imachitika kuyambira pakati pa Okutobala mpaka kumapeto kwa Januware. Munthawi imeneyi, njira zonse zofunikira mu fuchsia zimachepetsa.
Fuchsia. © HellgeriatricNjira yachiwiri yofalitsira fuchsia ndi zodula. Zodulidwa zatsopano za fuchsia zokha zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo (iyi ikhoza kukhala piritsi ya peat, ndi vermiculite, perlite, sphagnum). Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti zodula za fuchsia zobzalidwa popanda mizu ziyenera kuyikamo wowonjezera kutentha, chifukwa masamba a fuchsia amataya turgor. Koma fuchsias mwachangu amazolowera kutentha, i.e. mpaka chinyezi chachikulu. Nthawi ikafika, kudula mizu kumayenera kuchotsedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo mudzasinthasintha kwakanthawi kuti mukhale chinyezi chanthawi. Zodulidwa za fuchsia zosabatizidwa zimatha kutaya nthawi pakusintha kwanyengo.
Kufalikira kwa kufera kwa mbewu.
Njira yovutayi, koma mosakayikira njira yosangalatsa kwambiri yofalitsira fuchsia ndi yanzeru kugwiritsa ntchito pongobzala.
Duwa la chomera cha fuchsia liyenera kutetezedwa kuti litha kudzivulaza. Ndikofunikanso kupatula kuthekera kwa kupukusa kwamaluwa a fuchsia ndi tizilombo. Chifukwa chake, ngati maluwa atangokhala kumene, ndipo bwino kwambiri pakamasamba osatulutsa maluwa, ma enther amawachotsa mosamala. Pa manyazi a pestle umagwiritsidwa mungu pa mbewu ya abambo chofufumitsa. Kenako, dulani duwa povala chikwama chodzitchinjiriza - izi zitha kupewa kuipitsidwa mwangozi ndi tizilombo. Chikwama chodzikongoletsera chitha kumangidwa kuchokera ku njira zotukuka - pepala, nsalu, kuteteza ulusi mozungulira duwa.
Fuchsia. © SpigooChipatso cha Fuchsia chimacha kwa milungu ingapo.
Zipatso za Fuchsia zimadulidwa mosamala ndipo mbewu zimatulutsidwa. Tsopano amafunika kuti aume. Pakatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, nthanga ziuma ndipo zimafesedwa. Mbewu za Fuchsia zimafesedwa pamwamba pamtunda wothira pang'ono, osaphatikizidwa ndi dothi. Mbale zodyera ziyenera kuyikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, m'malo owala bwino firiji. Mbeu zamtundu wa fuchsia zimapezeka pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka kapena mbande ziwiri zikubowola, ndikuzibzala kale motalikirana. Pakatha miyezi ina iwiri, mbande zitha kubzalidwa m'mbale osiyana. Zomera zachinyamata za fuchsia zisanachotsedwe mu greenhouse, ziyenera kuzolowera pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Mbande zosabatizidwa za fuchsia zitha kuwonongeka kwambiri ngakhale kufa ngati zitasinthidwa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Chitsamba chachikulu chamaluwa cham'madzi chotengera, shtamb kapena ampel fuchsia chidzakongoletsa khola lililonse, bwalo kapena kapinga, ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu ndi malo oyenera.
Fuchsia MagellanicFucsia wotchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu ndi wokongola (Fuchsia speciosa), komanso wosakanizidwa (Fuchsia hybrida) - zotsatira za mtanda Fuchsia fulgens x Fuchsia splendens (shiny fuchsia fuchsia sparkling).
Komabe, pali mitundu ingapo yolimidwa, mwachitsanzo, alpine fuchsia Magellanic (Fuchsia Magellanica), mitundu yake ya fuchsia yokongola (Fuchsia gracilis) ndi ricarton (Fuchsia magellanica "Riccartonii") - makolo akale amitundu yosagwirizana ndi kutentha , Bolivian (Fuchsia boliviana) ndi masamba atatu a fuchsia (Fuchsia triphylla), omwe adayambitsa ma trifill-hybrids.
Fuchsia ali ndi masamba atatu. - ma gelesMitundu yonseyi ndi tchire kuyambira 70 cm mpaka 2.5 m wamtali. Nthambi zimatha kukhala zolimba kapena zowonda. Kutengera malo ndi mphamvu zawo, mbewuyo imakhala yaying'ono kapena yophukira.
Pakati pa ma hybrid osakanikirana ndi mitundu ina ya hychidia, palinso ena omwe akukwera. Palinso mitundu yodabwitsa "yolira" yokhala ndi mphukira zazitali (mpaka 2 m), zofanana kwambiri ndi zokongola za fuchsia kaso. Pakati pa ma hybrill atatu, awa ndi mitundu ya Mantilla.
Pa fuchsia ya chitsamba cha Bolivia, inflorescence amakongoletsedwa - masango a maluwa amtali wautali kumapeto kwa maudzu aatali (mpaka 30 cm).
Maluwa atatu a fuchsia maluwa amakhala kumapeto kwa mphukira. Zomera zotere zimabzalidwa m'mabasiketi opachikika ndi mabokosi a khonde.
Fuchsia Magellanic "Riccartonii". © duchyofcornwallMatenda ndi Tizilombo
Whitefly
Tizilombo tambiri ta fuchsia ndi mbewa.
Awa ndi ntchentche zazing'ono (mpaka 2mm) za mtundu woyera. Ali ndi dzina lawo lenileni chifukwa mapiko onsewo ndi okutidwa ndi mungu. Kunja kofanana ndi ma microscopic mole. Zambiri zazikuluzikulu za tizilombo, achikulire ndi mphutsi zimakhala pansi pamunsi. Iwo ndiosavuta kuwona chifukwa pakugwedeza masamba a chomera, ntchentche zimanyamuka mwamphamvu.
Mphutsi zili ndi zaka 4. Poyamba amakhala ali ndi mafoni, ndi miyendo ndi tinyanga. Ntchito yake ndikupeza malo abwino oti angagwirizanitse ndi pepalalo.
Pazaka zotsatira, mphutsi sizimasuntha kale: "zimamatira" kumtengo ndikuyamwa mankhwalawo mu sitayilo yomira mu minofu. Panthawi imeneyi, mphutsi zimafanana ndi mawonekedwe osalala.
Pa kubereka kwambiri, mphutsi zotere zimaphimba masamba. Zotsatira za chotupa ichi ndi kukongoletsa masamba, kudula kwamaluwa, kuyanika kuchokera mu mphukira. Monga tizilombo tina tomwe timayamwa, zovala zoyera zimabisala tiziwiti, pomwe bowa umayamba. Komabe njuchi zowopsa ndizonyamula ma virus - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chomera.
Pa m'badwo wachinayi, mphutsi zimasanduka chrysalis. Amasintha kwambiri, amakhala convex, opaque, yokutidwa ndi nthenga za sera kuchokera kumwamba.
Fuchsia Rapunzel. © vanmeuwenPambuyo molting, pupa amatembenukira kukhala wamkulu tizilombo.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya zovala zoyera: zipatso, zobiriwira, fodya.
Chithunzithunzi choyala cha citrus chimavulaza mitengo yamtchire ndi zitsamba kumwera kwa Krasnodar Territory komanso m'malo obiriwira.
Gulugufe wobiriwira ndi mtundu wa magwero otentha. Kutchire sikapitilira. Koma m'malo obiriwira masamba amawonongeka chaka chonse. Amapatsa mibadwo 5-7 pachaka.
Fodya (kapena thonje) - kunja sikusiyana ndi wowonjezera kutentha, koma ali ndi zina zachitukuko. Ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Njira zoyendetsera
Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka ndi kutaya kwa nthawi zonse za mbewu zonse ndi kukonzedwa kwa "Aktara". (4g ya mankhwala pa malita 5 a madzi)
Madzi a chomera amakhala owononga tizirombo. Chithandizo chochulukirapo ndikofunikira chifukwa magawo a tizilombo tomwe timadya pamimba timene timafa tikatha kulandira chithandizo.
Ndikwabwino kusinthira mankhwalawo pogwiritsa ntchito "Aktara" ndi "Confidor". Popeza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amodzi okha kungathandizire kuti pakhale mtundu wokhazikika wa tizilombo.
Kutsuka kwa mbeu ndi sopo njira kumathandiziranso mankhwala ophera tizirombo. Njira iyi iyenera kusiyidwa pamalowo kwa ola limodzi, kenako muzitsuka ndi madzi ndi madzi ofunda ndikumachapa masamba pamipanda yamasamba.
Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa akuluakulu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito misempha ya chikasu, komwe mbuna zimagwa, kusokonezedwa ndikugwedeza masamba. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumapereka zotsatira zotsimikizika.
Fuchsia "Dona Wakuda". © vanmeuwenKangaude wofiyira
Ichi ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri ka arthropod (0.25-0.4 mm) wamtundu wofiirira, wopezeka patsinde lamasamba.
Nkhupakupa zimayamwa mazira ku chomera. Pamaso pake pamayamba kuphimbidwa ndi madontho owuma, pang'onopang'ono malo owonongeka amawonjezeka, mawanga amaphatikizana, masamba amasanduka achikasu ndikufa. Tsamba loyera lowoneka bwino nthawi zina limawonekera pansi pamasamba. Nthawi zambiri, nkhupakupa zimayambitsa nyengo yofunda pamtunda wotentha wa mbewu.
Njira zoyendetsera
- Kusintha (kupopera) mbewu yokhala ndi "Agravertin", "Fitoverm", "Confidor".
- Chotsani masamba okhudzidwa.
Kupewa: Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pafupipafupi ndi madzi otentha.
"Mngelo wa Blue" wa FuchsiaMuzu wowola
Fuchsia amakonda kuthirira pafupipafupi, koma nthawi zina chifukwa chomwa mopitirira muyeso mu fuchsia, kuola kwa mizu kumayamba. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa izi: masamba amawonda ndikuthothoka, ngakhale nthaka yonyowa. Zomera zimafa mwachangu
Njira zoyendetsera
- Tsoka ilo, chomeracho nthawi zambiri sichitha kupulumutsidwa, kuthilira kapena kuthilira. Ngakhale odulidwa muzomera zotere, monga lamulo, salinso mizu.
