Pyracantha

Chitsamba chobiriwira nthawi zonse cha pyracantha (Pyracantha) ndi nthumwi ya banja la Pinki. Mwachilengedwe, mbewu ngati imeneyi imapezeka kumwera kwa Europe komanso ku Southeast Asia. Dzinali "pyracantha" limachokera ku mawu awiri achi Greek omwe atanthauzidwa kuti "moto" ndi "munga". Ngati mutanthauzira dzina la mtunduwu, mumapeza "chomera chamtengo wapatali chokhala ndi zipatso zofiira," kapena "moto woyaka." Mitundu iyi imaphatikiza mitundu ya 6-7. Chitsamba choterocho chimalimidwa ngati chomera chokongoletsera, chomwe sichigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Mitundu yodziyimira yokha yokhayo yomwe imatha kupirira kutsika kwa mpweya kupitirira madigiri 20.

Mawonekedwe a Pyracantha

Pyracantha ndi shrub yomwe ikhoza kukula kapena kufalikira. Kutalika kwake, kumatha kufika mamita 6, ndipo kunja kuli ndizofanana zambiri ndi mitundu payekha ya cotoneaster. Pamwamba pa zimayambira pali zosowa zina zazitali kwambiri. Masamba okhala ndi masamba okhazikika nthawi zonse. Mitengo ya corymbose inflorescence imaphatikizapo maluwa oyera. Chipatso ndi zipatso zochepa ngati mabulosi ofiira ngati ofiira kapena achikasu. Chifukwa cha zipatsozi, mbewuyi idayamba kukhala gawo la Yablonev subfamily, koma pambuyo pake idasunthidwa ku Spireyny.

Kukongoletsa kwa chitsambachi kuli chifukwa chakuti limamasula bwino kwambiri ndipo limabala zipatso zambiri. Tchire losalala limakopa njuchi, ndipo zipatso za mbewu iyi zimakhomera mbalame.

Kubzala pyracantha poyera

Nthawi yobzala

Ngati mukufunika kukulira mtundu wa pyracantha, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuchitika m'njira yopanga (mbewu). Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupanga kufesa kwa dzinja. Ngati mungafune, kufesa mbewu kumachitidwanso mchaka, koma, pankhaniyi, mbewu ifunika kuyambiranso. Kuti muchite izi, mbewu za masabata 6-8 zimayikidwa paphewa la firiji, zopangira masamba.

Njira yosavuta yofalitsira ndikugula mmera womalizidwa ndi mizu yotseka kumayambiriro kwamasika. Mutha kuchita izi mu sitolo yapadera kapena pachithunzi cha m'munda. Mbeu izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndikuti zimasinthidwa mokwanira mikhalidwe yammunda ndipo zimakhala ndi kuthana kwambiri ndi chisanu. Musanagule mmera, muyenera kufufuza bwino. Chodzala sichiyenera kuvulala kapena kukhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda kapena tizirombo. Yang'anani kusakaniza kwa dothi mu chidebe, liyenera kukhala lonyowa, loyera komanso lopanda fungo lankhungu. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kusankha mitundu yomwe imadziwika ndi kukhathamira kwa nyengo yozizira komanso chisamaliro chochepa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mutha kugula mitundu ya pyracanthus yopapatiza-leved kapena ofiira owala.

Mbande siyenera kugulidwa m'dzinja, chifukwa mutabzala panthaka yozizira iwo adzafa. Kubzala mmera kumachitika mchaka nthawi yomweyo nthaka itatha.

Malamulo akumalo

Chomera ichi ndi thermophilic ndipo chimapangidwa bwino ndikukula pamtunda wam'mwera, chomwe chimakhala ndi chitetezo chabwino ku mphepo yozizira. Potere, onse omwe ali ndi mthunzi komanso malo otentha ndi oyenera, komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti pansi pa kutentha kwa dzuwa, masamba pachitsamba amatembenukira chikasu. Madera otsika sakhala oyenera kubzala mbewu ngati imeneyi, chifukwa nthawi yophukira komanso nyengo yozizira imayima pamenepo kwanthawi yayitali, zomwe zimawononga mbewuyo.

Pafupifupi dothi lililonse ndiloyenera kubzala pyracantha, komabe, asanayambe kubzala mmera, malowo ayenera kukonzekera bwino. Pafupifupi masiku 7 asanabzalidwe, malowa amafukula malowa kuti afikire pamtunda wa 0,35 mpaka 0,4, pomwe humus iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka (1 mpaka 5 kilogalamu pa mita lalikulu la malowo). Pambuyo pa izi, pamwamba pamalopo ayenera kugwedezeka.

Dzenje lotayikirako liyenera kukhala lalikulu kangapo kuposa kuchuluka kwa mizu ya chomera, yomwe imatengedwera pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko. Mukamapanga udzu pakati pa tchire, mtunda uyenera kuyang'anitsidwa ngati 0,6-0.9 m.Pansi pa dzenje lokonzedwayo liyenera kumasulidwa, kenako dambo labwino lopopera lingapangike, chifukwa mungagwiritse ntchito miyala yaying'ono kapena mchenga wowuma. Pambuyo pake, pafupifupi pakatikati pa dzenje, muyenera kuyikapo mtengo, kuyiyendetsa mu dothi kuti ikwere ndi pafupifupi masentimita 50 pamwamba pa tsambalo. Kuzungulira pothandizirana ndi chopukutira, ndikofunikira kuthira nthaka yolumikizidwa ndi humus.

Chomera chomwe chili mchombocho chimayenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri, kenako chimakokedwa mwachangu m'chotetezekacho ndi dothi lapansi ndikuyika pamulu wokumba. Mizu yake ikakhala yowongoka bwino, dzenjelo liyenera kuyamba kumadzaza pang'onopang'ono ndi dothi, lomwe limayenera kunyamulidwa ndi manja anu. Kuzungulira chomera chomwe mwabzala, muyenera kupanga ngalande yozungulira yomwe malita a madzi okwanira 10-15 amatsanulira. Madzi onse atalowetsedwa m'nthaka ndikukhazikika, chitsamba chidzafunika chovala kuti chithandizire, pambuyo pake pamwamba pa thupilo chimakutidwa ndi dothi la mulch (youma peat).

Kusamalira piracantha m'munda

Ndiosavuta kukula pyracantha m'munda mwako. Chitsamba chimayenera kuthirira panthawi yake, kudulira, kuvala pamwamba komanso kumasula kwa bwalo. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa namsongole, kuthilira ndi kumasula, kumtunda kwa thunthu limakutidwa ndi mulch (organic). Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewu iyi imafunikira kudulira.

Momwe mungamwere

Zomera zoterezi zimadziwika ndi kukana chilala, chifukwa chake sizifunikira kuthilira mwadongosolo. Koma ngati mbewu yabzidwa panthaka posachedwa, kenako mpaka muzu, uzitha kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Tchibedi tazolowera siziyenera kuthiriridwa kokha munthawi yotentha, yopanda nyengo, ndipo izi siziyenera kuchitidwa mopitilira 1 mu masiku 7. Ngati mbewuyo ilibe madzi okwanira, ndiye kuti masamba ake amakhala oopsa, ndipo mphukira zimayamba kutembenukira chikaso ndi zofewa kwambiri. Popewa madzi kufalikira pamalowo nthawi yothirira, iyenera kuthiridwa mu ngalande yokonzedweratu kuzungulira mozungulira mozungulira. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthaka yakuya kwambiri imadzaza ndi madzi pakuthirira, ndibwino. Chitsamba chikathiriridwa, ndikofunikira kumasula pansi mozungulira thunthu, ndikuchotsanso udzu wonse.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Nthawi zambiri, mbewu ngati imeneyi sikufunika kudyetsedwa. Chovala chapamwamba choyambirira chimachitika kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa chitsamba cholimba, chifukwa cha ichi, feteleza wamafuta ochepa wokhala ndi zochepa za nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kudyetsa komweko kumachitika m'milungu yotsiriza yachilimwe.

Thirani

Kubzala kwa Shrub kumachitika chimodzimodzi monga kubzala koyamba. Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera dzenje, lomwe liyenera kukhala lalitali kangapo kukula kwa mizu, kutengedwa ndi mtanda wina. Pambuyo pake, chitsamba chimachotsedwa pansi ndikuyika mu dzenje lokonzedwa. Tizikumbukira kuti chomera chodulidwachi chimayenera kupatsiridwe madzi pafupipafupi, pafupipafupi komanso zochulukirapo, zomwe zingathandize kuti piracantha ichotse mizu m'malo atsopano posachedwa.

Kudulira

Chitsamba choterocho chimafunikira kudulira mwadongosolo. Kudulira kumatha kuchitika nyengo yonse. Komabe, alimi odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kudula chitsamba koyamba pakati pa nthawi yophukira, kachiwiri pakati pa nthawi yophukira, komanso kotsiriza nthawi yophukira, makamaka masabata oyambilira a dzinja. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti pyracantha ndi sea buckthorn amafunika kukula ndi kudulira m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale mbewu izi zili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.

Zomera zitayamba kuphukira, muyenera kuudulira ngati mungafune. Chifukwa chake, ngati mungafune, simungaduleko gawo la inflorescence, pakapita nthawi zipatso zokongoletsera zimamera pa iwo. Mukadulira, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kupangidwa kwa zipatso ndi maluwa kumawonedwa pokhapokha pazomera zomwe zimakhala ndi chaka chimodzi chambiri. Kachiwiri kudula chitsamba kuyenera kukhala pakatikati pa nthawi yophukira, pomwe mukuyenera kudula zitsamba zonse ndi nthambi zomwe zimakulitsa chitsamba kapena kuthana ndi maapulo akucha, omwe akuyamba kuola chifukwa cha izi. Kudulira komaliza kwa nyengoyi kumachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, pomwe muyenera kudula zina zonse, nthambi ndi masamba. Pakudulira nthawi iliyonse pachaka, zitsamba sizingafupikitsidwe ndi zoposa 1/3 za kutalika.

Ngati chitsamba ndi chakale, adzafunikira kudulira chifukwa cha ukalamba, chifukwa chitsamba chidafupikitsidwa mpaka 0,3 m pang'onopang'ono pamalowo. Kumbukirani kuti kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa poteteza manja anu ndi magolovesi olimba kwambiri, chifukwa pali zolaula zambiri pa pyracantha. Chomera chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa makoma a nyumbayo, chifukwa izi zimayikidwa panjira zoyenera, pomwe osayiwala kuzikonza. Potere, kudulira chitsamba sikungafunikire konse.

Kufalikira kwa Pyracantha

Pofalitsa mbewu zotere, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njere kapena zodulira zobiriwira. Ndikotheka kubzala nthawi yachisanu kapena kubzala kwa masika a mbewu za pyracantha. Asanabzalire mbeu kasupe, imafunikira kumangidwanso. Koma dziwani kuti mbewu yomwe yabzalidwa kuchokera kumtengo siyingasunge mawonekedwe amtundu wa kholo.

Ambiri wamaluwa amakonda kufalitsa chitsamba chotere, kapena m'malo mwake, zodula kapena kuyala. Ndi njira yofalitsira iyi, zitheka kukhalabe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu ya mayi. Chikhalidwe chotere chitha kufalitsidwa ndi olembetsedwa kapena odulidwa obiriwira, pomwe omerawo amayambira mizu mwachangu. Kukolola odulidwa kumachitika mchilimwe podulira. Chifukwa cha izi, nthambi zodulidwa zimatengedwa, kutalika kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 20 sentimita. Kuchokera pansi pa chogwirizira, muyenera kuchotsa mbale zamapepala zonse, kenako gawo lotsikirako liyenera kumizidwa mu yankho la wogwirizira wazomera womera mizu. Pambuyo pake, zibzalidwe pamalo otsetsereka mumchenga wonyowa, pomwe pamwamba pa beseni ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chipewa, chomwe chimayenera kukhala chowonekera. Perekani zodula ndi mpweya wokwanira komanso kuthirira. Pakadutsa pafupifupi masiku 20, zodulidwazo zikuyenera kuzika mizu, koma zimafunikira kuti zibzalidwe moyenera kutentha kwa miyezi 12, ndipo pokhapokha nyengo yamasika ikadzalapo mbewu zomwe zingakhale zibzalidwe panthaka yotsatira. Kuti apange hedge, mbande kuchokera kudulidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha kwakhala ikukula kwa zaka ziwiri.

Ngati mundawo uli kale ndi chitsamba chokulirapo, ndiye kuti pakufalikira kumakhala kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuyala. Kuti muchite izi, mu kasupe, muyenera kusankha angapo amphamvu, athanzi labwino komanso otsika pang'ono. Pansi pa chomera, ndikofunikira kupanga mitengo yofunikira yomwe mphukira zosankhidwa zimayikidwa, nsonga zake zokha ndi zomwe zimayenera kukwera pamwamba pa dothi. Pambuyo poti zikhazikikizo zimakhazikika munkhokwe, zimayenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi laz michere. M'nyengo yonseyi, magawo amayenera kuthiridwa ndi kuthilira nthawi zonse chifukwa nthawi yozizira, amayenera kuphimbidwa ndi masamba okugwa. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, zigawo ziyenera kudulidwa kuchitsamba ndi kuikidwa kwina kwamuyaya.

Zisanu

Mitundu ina ya mbewuyi ili ndi chisanu cholimba kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pyracantha wopendekera wopendekera kumene yemwe wakula m'chigawo cha Moscow ndi Moscow amatha kuzizira panja. Komabe, pofuna kuteteza mbewu kuti zisazizidwe kwambiri ndi madzi oundana komanso nyengo yotentha kwambiri, pamwamba pa thunthu liyenera kuyalidwa ndi masamba okwanira. Ngati nthawi yachisanu chomera chimakhala ndi chipale chofewa ndipo chimazizira mpaka khosi, ndiye kuti mizu yotetezedwa ikhalabe yolimba ndipo chitsamba chizichira msanga, koma musaiwale kudula nthambi zonse zowonongeka poyambira kudulira.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Pyracantha ali ndi kukana kwambiri kumatenda ndi tizirombo. Nthawi zambiri, nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala pamtchire. Ndipo nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ngati mbewuyo ili yofooka kwambiri chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino kapena kuphwanya malamulo aukadaulo waulimi. Ma aphid atangopezeka pachitsamba, imayenera kuthiridwa magazi ndi yankho la mankhwala ophera tizilombo, siziyenera kuikidwa pambuyo pake, chifukwa tizilombo timachulukana mwachangu ndipo timatha kukhazikika pazomera zapafupi kapena kupatsira pyracantha wokhala ndi matenda osachiritsika.

Chikhalidwe china chotere chimatha kutenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, komwe kumayesedwa ngati matenda osachiritsika. Pamfundo imeneyi, odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kukulitsa mitundu yokhayo yomwe ingagonjetse matendawa. Kachitsamba kameneka kamatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale vuto kapena chakumapeto mochedwa, ndipo izi zimachitikanso chifukwa choti mbewuyo sinasamaliridwe bwino kapena siyitsatira malamulo aukadaulo azikhalidwe zamtunduwu. Mutha kuchiritsa mmera ndi yankho la mankhwala a fungicidal, mwachitsanzo, Fundazole.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya pyracantha yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Chapakati pake pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya pyracantha yomwe imapangidwa.

Pyracantha-leved pyracantha (Pyracantha angustifolia)

Chomera ichi chimachokera kumwera chakumadzulo kwa China. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chobiriwira chotere ndi pafupifupi masentimita 400, paminga paminga. Kutalika kwa masentimita ocheperako pafupifupi mamilimita 50, ali ndi lanceolate kapena mawonekedwe osalala, m'munsi mwake mumakhala mawonekedwe, ndipo pamwamba ndiye kuti. Mbali yakumwambayi ya masamba imatha kukhala yopendekeka kapena yonse. Zithunzi zazing'ono zakutsogolo zili ndi kupindika. Ma mbale okhwima alibe kanthu, ndipo pamsere wawo pamakhala kuwala kwa imvi. Ma inflorescence a mawonekedwe a corymbose amakhala ndi maluwa oyera, omwe mulifupi mwake amafika masentimita 0.8. Zipatso zochepa zopanikizidwa pang'ono m'mimba mwake zimafikira 0,8 cm, monga lamulo, ali ndi utoto wolemera wa lalanje. Mtunduwu umalimbana kwambiri ndi chisanu. Mitundu yotchuka:

1. Orange Glow. Kutalika kwa tchire lokwera kuli pafupifupi 250 cm, nthambi zake ndizochepa. Masamba ake amakhala obiriwira, ngati miyezi yozizira ndi yotentha, ndiye kuti imangokhala pachitsamba. Chitsamba chotere chimamasula mu Meyi. Zipatso zokhala ndi lalanje zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe.
2. Golden Charmer. Mitundu iyi imadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu komanso zomangira. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 300. Chomera chimamera mu Meyi ndi wandiweyani wa corymbose inflorescence, wopangidwa ndi maluwa oyera. Dongosolo la maapulo a lalanje ndi pafupifupi 10 mm. Mitundu iyi imalephera kukhudzidwa ndi chilala komanso mpweya woipa wa m'tauni, koma ngati kukugwa chisanu kwambiri nthawi yozizira, chitsamba chimatha kuuma.

Pyracantha ofiira owala (Pyracantha coccinea)

Koyambira kum'mwera kwa Europe komanso ku Asia Minor, chitsambachi chimakonda kumera m'mphepete, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango komanso m'malo owala. Chitsamba chofalikira chimakhala chotalika mpaka mamitala awiri, nthawi zambiri zimayambira pansi zimafalikira pansi. Kutalika kwa mapepala amtundu wachikopa kumakhala pafupifupi 40 mm; ali ndi mawonekedwe a oblong-elliptical kapena lanceolate. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, masamba ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, ndipo m'dzinja - ofiira ofiira. Maluwa amapaka utoto wachikasu kapena oyera. Maapulo ofiira ofiira omwe amakhala m'mimba mwake mpaka 60 mm. Chomerachi sichimalimbana ndi chilala, koma chisanu chake chimakhala chochepa kwambiri, chifukwa pokonzekera nyengo yachisanu chimafunika kuphimbidwa. Zipatso za chitsamba choterocho zimatha kudyedwa, mulimonse, mbalame zimakondwera kuzidya nthawi yozizira. Mitundu yotchuka:

1. Kholamu Yofiira. Mitundu iyi ndiyotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi 300 cm.Maluwa ndi ochepa komanso utoto yoyera, ali mbali ya ambulera yowoneka ngati maambulera. Maapulo ofiira okhathamira ndi ochepa kukula.
2. Cash Wofiyira. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chotalika choterocho kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 200. Zoyambira zake ndi zotanuka komanso zowongoka. Mtundu wa zipatso ndi wofiira kwambiri.

Tikhalabe mitundu monga: pyracantha ofiira ndi tawuni ya pyracanthus. Komabe, iwo ndi okhwima pakatikati pokhapokha kunyumba, chifukwa amakhala ndi chisanu kwambiri.

Pyracantha popanga mawonekedwe

Pyracantha ndiwodziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa chifukwa chautali, maluwa ataliitali, komanso zipatso zowoneka bwino. Chitsamba choterocho ndi choyenera maudzu, chifukwa chimawoneka bwino kwambiri komanso chimakula kwambiri, komanso chimakhala ndi minga zomwe sizingalole alendo osadutsamo kuti adutse. Ngakhale pakati pa dzinja, zipatso ndi masamba sizitaya mtundu wawo, pamenepa, chitsamba choterocho ndi chabwino kukongoletsa nyumba ndi makhoma osiyanasiyana, koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti mphukira ziyenera kuwongoleredwa palimodzi ndi chithandizo ndikuzikika, popeza sizidzichita zokha. Ngakhale izi zili choncho, mbewu yotereyi ndi njira yabwino yosungirirani dimba.

Chitsamba choterechi chimatha kudalidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena ngati chomera chimodzi. Ndizoyenera kukongoletsa malire, kukongoletsa miyala, komanso kupanga maziko osakanikira. Chomera chimakhala ndi katundu wachilendo kukumbukira kukumbukira komwe kuli ndi chithandizo. Chifukwa chake, mukachotsa thandizolo, chitsamba chimasunga mawonekedwewo. Chitsamba chotere nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira bonsai; chimawoneka bwino kwambiri ngati mtengo wokhala ndi tsinde zingapo kapena imodzi kapena mawonekedwe amisala.