Kubwezeretsa kwa Clematis

Omwe amagawana bwino maluwa ndi mipesa yachiwiri yotchuka kwambiri - clematis amaonedwa kuti ndi osiyana ndi ena. Maluwa akuluakulu, masamba ochulukirapo komanso kusinthika kodabwitsa kumapangitsa kuti mpesa uwu ukukwera m'mwamba ndikusangalatsa mitima ya wamaluwa. Phale lalikulu kwambiri la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya clematis limasungabe malo owuma komanso opanda ulemu m'minda. Koma mosiyana ndi clematis akale, zatsopano sizovuta kufalitsa. Kuti muwonjezere kudzipangira nokha mipesa yomwe mumakonda, muyenera kukhala oleza mtima.

Clematis Jackman (Clematis jackmanii).

Fungo losasangalatsa la clematis, lomwe lidawapatsa anthu dzina lodziwika bwino la clematis, ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yamunda sikunawopseze izi nzika zomwe zimakonda kukongola kwawo. Clematis adakula ngati chikhalidwe chokongoletsera kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16, koma kuthekera kwathunthu kwa mbewuzi kudawululidwa m'zaka za 19-20 zokha. Kuchita kusintha kosakanikirana ndi kusankha kunayambitsa kuti mitundu yochepetsetsa ya clematis idasinthidwa ndi phale lambiri la mitundu ndikusintha bwino kwa maluwa.

Maonekedwe ofanana ndi maluwa abwino kwambiri pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yosankhidwa sikunayambitse kuti mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya clematis - yoyera, yamantha, yaubweya wa Virigo, yofiirira, ya Tangut - idalowa mumithunzi. Zowonadi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso imasowa chisamaliro chovuta (amakhulupirira kuti maluwa ndi okongola komanso osazolowereka, ndizovuta kwambiri kukula), koma mitundu ya clematis ndiyosadabwitsa.

Maonekedwe a varietal clematis asintha ndikulitsa njira zakufotokozera bwino za mpesa uwu. Mitundu clematis idakulidwa mosavuta ndipo idalimidwa kuchokera ku mbewu, koma zamtunduwu zimatha kufalitsidwa zokha.

Clematis kufalitsa:

• kudula;
• kulekanitsa;
• kufesa mbewu;
• kuzika kwamizu;
• katemera.

Kubalana kwa clematis ndi njere

Zomera zamtchire zokha kapena zamtundu wa clematis ndizomwe zimatha kupezeka kuchokera ku mbewu, chifukwa mitundu yomwe idapangidwa ndi kuswana ndi yomwe siyikusunga zipatso. Clematis imagawidwa m'magulu atatu kutengera kukula kwa mbewu. Mitundu yokhala ndi njere zazing'ono imadziwika ndi kumera mwachangu - kuyambira masiku 15 mpaka miyezi 3. Ndi nthanga zapakatikati (kukula), mawonekedwe a clematis mbande imatenga miyezi 1.5 mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, yayikulu - kuyambira miyezi iwiri mpaka itatu. Kufesa mizere mwachindunji kutengera kukula kwa mbewu. Mbeu zazing'ono za clematis nthawi zonse zimabzalidwa nthawi ya masika, mu Marichi-Epulo, ndi yayikulu komanso yayikulu mutabzala kale chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu kapena stratization.

Kubzala mbewu za clematis kumachitika mu nthaka, mbande. Ngati zingafunike, zibzalidwe m'mabokosi kapena mumtsuko, kenako kutsatiridwa ndikukwirira m'mizere (koma mbewu zimakula kwambiri pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi dothi lotseguka).

Pali njira ziwiri zakubzala mbeu clematis:

1. Kukula (nthawi yachisanu) kufesa - Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mbeu zazikulu ndi zazing'ono za clematis. Pulogalamu yofesa idakonzedwa, ndikusintha ndi kumasula dothi, ngati kuli kotheka. Mbewu sizimafesedwa, m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono kapena m'miyala, m'manda m'nthaka ndi 4-5 cm.
2. Kubzala masika. Kusankha kwa nthomba za clematis zapakatikati ndi zazikulu kumafuna kupangika koyambirira: zimasungidwa mu kutentha kozizira (osatsika ndi 0 osati kuposa 5 digiri Celsius) kwa masabata 12-14. Nthawi zambiri, njere zimasungidwa mufiriji kwa miyezi itatu, mutaziphatikiza ndi mchenga wonyowa. Mbeu zing'onozing'ono sizifunika kukonzedwa. Kubzala njira ndi zofanana.

Kubira kumachitika pa gawo la masamba oyamba kapena achiwiri, kuyika timiyala tating'ono kuti titeteze mbewu zazing'ono kuti zisatenthe. Masamba asanaonekere masamba atatu, mbande zimasinthidwa makamaka. Clematis wachichepere umaperekedwa kuthirira nthawi zonse, kulima ndi kudulira.

Kubzala komwe kumapezeka nthangala za clematis m'malo okhazikika kumachitika nthawi zonse patatha chaka, nthawi ya mvula kapena nthawi yamasika. Kwa nthawi yozizira, mbewu zimasungidwa popanda kuwononga hill, kudula-mphukira zisanachitike. Zomera zazing'ono zimabzalidwa kuti khosi la mizu yake imakulitsidwa ndi masentimita 3-4. Zomera zimakonda kutsina ndi kuphukira masamba awiri kuti zithe.

Clematis mmera wakula kuchokera kwa mbewu.

Clematis kudula

Njira yakufalitsira iyi ndiyosavuta komanso yachangu kwambiri. Inde, clematis asanalandire kuchokera ku mabulidwe odula mwamphamvu, muyenera kudikirira zaka zingapo, koma kuchuluka kwazomera zambiri komanso kulipira mtengo wokwanira kumazengereza pang'ono. Kuchuluka kwa mizu mu clematis mwachindunji kumadalira msinkhu wa mphukira ndi chomeracho. Zodulidwa, achinyamata clematis ndi mphukira zapachaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mabasi amasankhidwa pakati pa mbewu zomwe zalandira chisamaliro mosamala, champhamvu, chathanzi, chikukula mwachangu.

Mpesa uwu ungazike mizu kubiriwosi ndi kubisika. Nthawi zambiri, mizu ya clematis ikuchitika osati mumidzi, koma m'nthaka pam kama apadera - m'munda kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Ndi njira iliyonse yofalitsira, ndibwino kuti muthane ndi mphukira mu yankho la chopukusa chokula.

Kudula mphukira za clematis pa zodula kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika, kumayambiriro kapena pakati pa chilimwe, koposa zonse - pa siteji ya maluwa (musanafike maluwa). Zodulidwa, pakati pakati pa mphukirayo amadulidwa, kumadula motalika pafupifupi 30 cm kuchokera m'nthaka. Kuchokera pamitu, magawo a mphukira yachichepere amadulidwa kuchokera 5 mpaka 8 cm kutalika ndi node imodzi (ndipo ngati ma infode ndi ofupika kuposa 4 cm, ndiye ndi ma node awiri), zigawo zam'munsi zimapangidwa pakona kwa madigiri 45. Masamba odulidwa amapendekera mokongola. Kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi cha clematis simungadule zoposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mphukira.

Ma cutlemu a Clematis amakhala ozika ndimiyala yamchenga, pansi pa kapu, kukulitsa zodulidwazo mpaka mfundo kapena kumiza mfundo palokha osaposa 2-3 mm. Nthawi zambiri, njira yokhazikitsira mizu yodula imatenga pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kusungitsa chinyezi chokhazikika chokhazikika, komanso chinyezi chambiri, nthawi ndi nthawi kumawapukuta ndi madzi ndikupanga "chifunga" pansi pa hood. Kuwongolera kumachitika nthawi zonse.

Zomera zing'onozing'ono zomwe zikukula zikuyenera kukhala chinyontho chadothi. Kwa nthawi yozizira koyamba, ngati zodula za clematis sizinakhazikike mu wowonjezera kutentha, ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi bokosi kapena chophimba pamwamba, chokutidwa ndi masamba ndikuzisunga ndi lapnik. Popanda malo okhala ndi mpweya, mbewu m'nthaka sizitha kuzizira. Kuyika kumalo okhazikika kumachitika kokha mchaka, kutsatira malamulo akukhazikitsa kwa onse clematis. Koma masiku ano nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa lingaliro la kubzala mbewu kwa chaka chathunthu ndikubzala m'malo okhawo mchaka chachiwiri.

Zidula zodulidwa zimadulidwa kumapeto, kusunga nthawi yozizira mumakina okhala ndi gawo lapansi mu ozizira komanso amdima, komanso kasupe kusamutsa kuwala ndi kutentha. Mu chidebe kapena clematis kukumba yozizira, mphukira zimadulidwa mu February-Marichi. Mizu yophukira ndi masika odula mu gawo lonyowa (kasupe - komanso pansi pa nyumba, koma kuwongolera kutentha kwa mpweya - kuyenera kukhala koyandikira mpaka madigiri 15). Mizu yazodzala ndi mitengo yodula imatenga nthawi yayitali, zimatenga miyezi iwiri kapena itatu.

Mizu yodzidulira clematis.

Mizu ya Clematis

Iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza kwambiri yomwe imakupatsani mwayi kuti muthe kukhala ndi mbande zolimba, kufikira mofulumira ndikukongoletsa komanso maluwa, popanda kupweteketsa chitsamba chachikulu. M'malo mwake, njira yodzaza mizu mu clematis ndi yofanana ndi njira yofalitsira mitengo yazipatso zilizonse. Kudontha kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.

Kuti mufalitse clematis ndi zigawo molingana ndi njira yakale, ndikofunikira:

1. Pansi pa chitsamba, pangani malo okuya, mpaka masentimita 7-10.
2. Ikani mmodzi mwa ana mphukira zolimba mu mshopu. Mutha kupanga mokhazikika, kuyika mfundo imodzi yokha, ndi yopingasa, kuyika mphukira yonse, kupatula pamwamba.
3. Pukutani pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndi mphukira, kusiya masamba kunja.
4. Sinthani mphukira pansi m'njira iliyonse yabwino (ndi mabatani apadera kapena "zikhomo").
5. Thirirani kwambiri malo omwe mukumba mizu ndikusunga chinyezi chanthawi yonse chilimwe.
6. Nthawi 2-3 nthawi yachilimwe, manyowa ndi feteleza wathunthu wa mineral kapena ndi yankho la chopatsira chokulitsa.

Ngakhale kuti mizu ya clematis mphukira idzachitika pofika nthawi yophukira, mbewu za ana aakazi zomwe zidapangidwa kuchokera ku zigawo sizingabzalidwe mpaka chaka chamawa. Chapakatikati, mphukira zatsopano zimayamba kukhazikika kuchokera kumtunda, m'chilimwe zimapatsidwa madzi okwanira ndi kudyetsa 1-2, ndipo kudzipatula kwa mamaisi chitsamba ndi kupatsirana kumachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - yoyambilira yophukira kapena kasupe wotsatira. Zachidziwikire, ngati mukufuna, kubzala kumathanso kuchitika kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa, koma ndibwino kuti mbewuzo zizipanga mizu yabwino ndikupeza mipesa yodziyimira yokha yomwe sikufunika kuti ikule. Mbewuyi imakumbidwa mosamala ndikubzala m'malo atsopano, m'malo okonzekereratu, ndikutsatira malamulo akubzala.

M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, mbewu siziyenera kuloledwa kuphuka. Clematis nthawi zambiri amapanga masamba mchaka choyamba, koma ndi bwino kutsina kuti asinthe mizu ndi kucha nthawi yachisanu.

Njira ina yoikira mizu

1. Fesani pansi pa chitsamba ndi humus kapena peat mpaka masamba awiri kapena achitatu apansi pa masamba.
2. Pakatha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, mphukira zomwe zimakhazikika pamiyendo zimamasulidwa ku hill, zimatha kudulidwa kuchitsamba cham'munda ndikubzala.

Clematis chitsamba kugawanika

Clematis wazaka zopitilira 5-6, ngati apanga mphukira zochulukirapo, angathe kugawidwa m'magulu angapo. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wokulira mwachangu osadikirira zaka zingapo kuti mukwaniritse kukongoletsa kwakukulu (mbewu zidzaphuka mchaka chopatukana). Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti clematis - treetop siophweka. Chomera chikuwopa kuvulala kwa mizu, ndizovuta kulekerera, makamaka kupatula. Ndikofunika kutenganso magawo pomwe chomera chokha chikuchifuna, pokhapokha:

• ngati kuli kotheka, sinthani liana kupita kumalo ena kapena zosintha zina chifukwa cha zifukwa zina;
• Kuchulukana mwamphamvu kwa clematis ndi kufunika kowoneka bwino komanso kutaya kukongoletsa (nthawi zambiri kumakhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolima).

Potsitsa amafunika kukonzekereratu pasadakhale, kukonza nthaka ndikukonza maenje okufikira.

Njira yolekanitsa imachitika ngakhale pakati pa msewu, mwina nthawi yophukira kapena koyambirira kwamasika. Njira yotsiriza iyi, ngakhale ndiyowopsa pankhani yakukonzekera nyengo yachisanu, imakhala ndi zovuta zambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kulekanitsana kuyenera kuchitika momwe nyengo ingalolere, chisanu chisungunuke ndipo dothi lithewa, koma mphukira siziyenera kuyamba kumera musanadzilekanitse, masamba amatha kutupa pang'ono. Nthawi yopatukana pazochitika izi ndizochepa, clematis lag back in development,, chifukwa chake, kupatukana kwa yophukira kumawoneka kosavuta komanso kosakhala koopsa.

Njira yopatukana ndi clematis ndizovuta kwambiri:

1. Maenje okonzekereratu amakhala ndi madzi ambiri, akudzaza nthaka ndi chinyezi. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndibwino kuwonjezera chowonjezera chowonjezera m'madzi othirira.
2. Ngati chomera chagawika mu kugwa, gawo la mlengalenga limadulidwa, ndikusiya awiriawiri a masamba. Tchire za Clematis zimakumbidwa mosamala kwambiri, zimasunga dothi lalikulu kuzungulira mizu ndikuyesetsa kuti tisavulaze "shoels" yayitali. Nthaka imagwedezeka pang'ono ndikutsukidwa, kuti mutha kuwona kapangidwe kazomera.
3. Pambuyo pakuyang'ana, chitsamba chimagawidwa mwanjira iliyonse yabwino pakuchotsa mizu yayikulu mizu, mphukira ziwiri mpaka zitatu ndi masamba ocheperako. Ngati mukuzindikira kupatukana kwa clematis, ndiye kuti mutha kupatulanso mphukira imodzi, koma yokulirapo pakugawikaku, ndibwino. Njira yabwino sikuti mugawa ngakhale clematis wokwera kwambiri m'magawo opitilira 2-3.
4. Mizu imayendera, kufupikitsa, chotsani mbali zowonongeka ndi zowuma. Delenka atanyowa mu yankho la fungicide kapena potaziyamu permanganate.
5. Clematis yadzalidwa mosamala m'malo atsopano, ndikuwona malamulo akubzala, onetsetsani kuti mukuya khosi lamizu ndi 10 cm.

Pali njira ina yopatulira clematis - popanda kukumba. Tchire mbali imodzi amakumbidwa, ndikupanga ngalande kapena dzenje lakuya masentimita 70, kuyesera kuti tisawononge mizu ndikuyenda mozungulira. Kuchokera pansi pokumbidwayo, m'munsi mwa chitsamba mumawululidwa mosamala ndi nthambi ndipo mizu imadulidwa ndi seciveurs kapena mpeni, chitsamba chotsalacho chimakumbidwa ndikuthiriridwa. Magawo olekanitsidwa amasamalidwa chimodzimodzi monga mbali wamba.

Kuthirira mutabzala sikumachitika: kupezeka kwa madzi komwe kumayikidwa mu dzenje lobzala ndikokwanira chomera chosinthika. Kutsirira koyamba kumachitika sabata limodzi mutabzala Delenok. Zowonjezera zokula zimathanso kuwonjezeredwa ndi madzi kuthirira.

Kubwezeretsa kwa clematis pogawa chitsamba.

Katemera wa Clematis

Njira zovuta kwambiri za kufalikira kwa clematis zimalola kubereka chaka chonse, kulandira mbande zambiri. Katemera pa clematis, nsonga zazing'ono zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zotsalira pambuyo podula zodula kuchokera pakati, nthawi zambiri - zodulidwa. Monga chitsa, mizu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya clematis kapena mbande za mitundu ya clematis, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale, imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Katemera wa clematis akhoza kuchitika ndi vrashchek, ndi kukopera, komanso pa wedge. Coalescence imatenga mwezi umodzi. Ndikofunika katemera mu wowonjezera kutentha, kenako ndikumasinthanitsa mbewu zometedwa m'miphika ndi m'mbale, pa mbande.