Herb osatha uyu, dzina lake lina ndi Ntchito, ndi la banja la Asparagus. Chomera chomwe chimakonda chinyezi, chobadwira Kum'mawa kwa Asia, chimamera zachilengedwe m'mphepete mwa mapiri komanso m'nkhalango zotentha.
Achijapani amachitcha kuti chomera ndi chopatulika ndipo chimakonza mbale zaphikidwe kuchokera kwa ophunzira ake.
M'dziko lathu, ambiri sakudziwa momwe chomera chowongolera chimawonekera. Iye siotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha maluwa, koma masamba ake okongola osiyanasiyana. Chomera chosasinthika chimatha kumera kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kumuika, ponse pa malo pomwe pali mthunzi, chimapatsa chilala komanso chisanu mwachangu.
Chomera chazaka zisanu chimadziwika kuti ndi chachikulire, chikukula mwachangu ndipo chikuwoneka bwino kwambiri.
Atsala masiku omwe makamu adabzalidwa ndi zokongoletsa za imvi zomwe sizimayandikira maziko amtambo wabuluu. Onani chithunzichi momwe hosta (Hosta) amawonekera bwino - zokongoletsera zam'munda, chomera chodziwika bwino komanso cha mafashoni, chomwe amalima maluwa onse amasaka:
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti kuchuluka kwa mbewuzi kumapangitsa mundawo kuti ukhale wokongola kwambiri. Ichi ndi chomera chaponseponse. Ndili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana ya masamba ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, mitunduyi imakhala yosakanikirana osati ndi wina ndi mnzake, koma ndi mbewu zaminda zambiri. Mthunzi ndi ferns, sedges, primroses, goryanka, geyherah, hellebore ndi violets, padzuwa ndi maluwa, irises, geraniums, cuffs.
Chomera chofikira: momwe mungabzalire ndikukula moyenera
Munthawi zopindulitsa, pomwe onse olima amayesetsa kupanga minda yomwe imafunikira kukonzedwa pang'ono, kusankha kwa omwe akukhala ndi kukulitsa kwasintha. Ndipo ndiosasangalatsa. Ichi ndi chomera chabwino kwambiri chamaluwa "aulesi" omwe alibe mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri m'mundamo. Wogulitsayo amatha kuzolowera chilichonse chomwe chikukula, chitha kubzalidwa pansi pamitengo ndi maluwa, m'malo opepuka komanso pamtondo. Tchire lambiri, losalala lidzakongoletsa ngakhale dimba lokongola kwambiri.
Pamene tchire zokulira limakhala lotseguka palibe zofunika zapadera za nthaka. Komabe, ndikofunikira kupereka zokonda za humus loams. Kuchepetsa kumayenera kukhala kokwanira, koma chisamaliro chikuyenera kuthandizidwa kuti madzi asasunthike komanso kuwonongeka kwa mizu sikuyamba.
Ngati wolandirayo akulima ndi kusamalira atabzala panthaka ndi gawo lamchenga, ndiye kuti mwina sangakulire pamenepo. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsira ntchito feteleza wa mchere ndi kuwonjezera gawo la dothi lachonde dzenje musanadzalemo.
Ngati tirikulankhula za mulingo woyenera, ndiye kuti uku ndi gawo labwino, lozizira, kapena lolemera la michere ndi acid yochepa, yonyowa nthawi zonse, koma osasunthika madzi.
Kuti mumvetsetse momwe mungakulitsire wokongola alendo, muyenera kudziwa chimodzi mwazomwe zimapanga. Ngati chitsamba chili ndi masamba akuda, opanda mawanga, ndiye kuti ziyenera kubzalidwa m'malo otetezeka. Ndipo mosinthanitsa, tsamba limatulutsa kwambiri, malo ambiri dzuwa limayenera kupatsidwa chitsamba.
Chifukwa chake, "buluu" ndibwino kuyika mthunzi, ndimakhalapo utoto, komanso wachikaso, m'malo mwake - padzuwa.
Kuti muchite bwino kubzala ndi kuswana, ndikofunikira kuwunikira malangizo kuchokera kwa alimi odziwa ntchito:
- M'zaka zoyambirira mutabzala, chomera sichingatchulepo mitundu ya zipatsozo, monga masamba amitundu yambiri. Izi ndichifukwa cha kukula kwapang'onopang'ono, ndipo pokhapokha zaka 3-4 zidzatha kusangalala kwathunthu ndi kukongola kwa mtengowo;
- popeza sizovuta kusamalira wolandira alendo, njira zonse zimayamba: kuchotsa, kumasula nthaka, kuthirira ndi kuthira feteleza. Mutha kudziwonjezera nokha pakungothirira, ngakhale, mosamala, ndi chisamaliro, omwe amakhala ndi makamu amakula mofulumira ndikuwoneka bwino;
- podyetsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa wamba, koma simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zazing'ono kwambiri;
- nyengo yachisanu, sikofunikira kuti pakhale zochitika zapadera, ndikokwanira kuti tisachotse masamba omwe adagwa, iteteza mbewu kuti isazizidwe.
Wogulitsayo atazika mizu ndipo mizu yake, imatha kumera pamalo amodzi kwa zaka zambiri, popanda kufunika kwa kuvala pamwamba, kulima, kuthirira, ndi zina zotero. Komabe, pali zovuta zina.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yokhala nayo: chithunzi, dzina ndi kufotokoza kwa mbewu
Ngakhale maluwa okongola, masamba ndi omwe amapangira zokongoletsera zazikulu. Masamba amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yoyera, yachikaso, yamtambo ndi yamtambo ndi yofiirira. Masamba ndi osalala ndi matte, osalala komanso opangidwe, komabe mbewuyo ndi yovuta kusokoneza ndi ina iliyonse. Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kusiyananso kwambiri - kuchokera 30 mpaka 125 sentimita.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino yazomera zomwe zimapezeka pamitengo ya maluwa:
Samalani ndi omwe ali ndi zithunzi za fomuyo Curly, ili ndi masamba obiriwira amtundu wobiriwira wokhala ndi malire amalire oyera. Kutalika kwa tchire kumafikira kuposa theka la mita.
Hosta elata (motalika) - hosta yamtunduwu idatchedwa dzina chifukwa chamtchire zazitali komanso masamba atali, mitundu yonse yokhala ndi masamba ataliitali okhala ndi mitsempha yolocha, yofiirira. Limamasula kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, limabala zipatso nthawi zonse.
Malo okhala ma hybrid ndi mitundu yazomera ndi mitundu yomwe imakonda kupezeka m'minda. Onani zithunzi za mitundu iyi zomwe zili ndi mayina, kuti mitundu yawo yachilendo idzakongoletsa dimba lililonse lakutsogolo:
Chifukwa cha mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya wolandirayo, mbewuyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mawonekedwe, kukongoletsa mapaki ndi minda.
Chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa, mitundu yopitilira 4,000 yolandilidwa tsopano idabadwa. Ndikofunika kuyang'ana kufotokozera mitundu yotchuka kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane:
Giredi - Wochita nawo Fortune, muyang'ane iye pachithunzichi, malongosoledwe a mawonekedwe ake ndi masamba okhala ndi malire a beige komanso oyimirira.
Cadet ya buluu - mitundu yowonjezereka yomwe ikukula mwachangu, yomwe ili chithunzi, ndipo dzinalo limadzilankhulira lokha - lazungulira masamba obiriwira obiriwira.
Mkazi wabuluu - dzina lamtunduwu ndimtunduwu wokhala ndi ma hostele osiyanasiyana okhala ndi masamba obiriwira amtundu wabuluu wobiriwira, wolandiridwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe owoneka ndi mtima wamaso osokonekera komanso mawonekedwe okongoletsedwa bwino.
Amayi akulu - chomera kuchokera kumtundu waukulu wokhala ndi mitundu yayikulu, mawonekedwe a mitunduyo ndi masamba akulu owazungulira amtundu wabuluu. Imakonda kumera m'malo otetezeka.
Ogasiti ofiira (Red October) - Onani zithunzi zomwe zili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi; masamba ake amawoneka bwino - ndi ofiira.
Hosta Kalasi Elegance mawonekedwe a Siebold Host akuwonetsedwa mu chithunzichi, amadziwika ndi masamba otambalala a utoto wamtambo wamtambo, ali ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana, maluwa - kuyambira oyera mpaka ofiirira.
Juni - dzina la mitundu yosangalatsa yosangalatsa, ndipo ingoyang'anani chithunzicho ndi chomera chomwe mtundu wake wamasamba ungasinthe kangapo munyengo kuchokera pachikasu kubiriwira mpaka kubiriwira.
Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya omwe akukhala ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, mutha kupanga kapangidwe kake kamare.
Malo okhala m'magulu amagawika m'magulu molingana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi kukula kwake, mawonekedwe a chitsamba, mtundu wake ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, nthawi yamaluwa. Komabe, zomwe zalembedwazo ndizosankha mwanjira yomweyo, popeza gulu la gulu limodzi silinenapo chilichonse chokhudza machitidwe ena.
Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu yosanjidwa yachikaso pamalo onse okhala ndi mthunzi ndi dzuwa, ndipo makanema ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhala otambalala kapena ndi masamba owongoka.
Kwa nthawi yayitali obereketsa sanalabadire maluwa, masamba ndi okongola komanso abwino. Ngakhale masamba amatengedwa kuti ndiwo mwayi waukulu, komanso zachilendo inflorescence ndi zokongoletsera zabwino.
Tsopano zonse zasintha: cholinga cha hybridization ndi maluwa awiriawiri, owala, akulu komanso onunkhira. Maluwa amabwera mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera pamtundu woyera komanso wonyezimira wamtambo kupita pamtundu wolemera wa lilac. Tsoka ilo, mafashoni samawonetsa mikhalidwe yawo yabwino nthawi zonse.
Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya "Aphrodite" yam'madera athu otentha imatha kuphuka - masiku osakwanira ofunda.
Njira zofalitsira: momwe mungabzala mbewu pogawa chitsamba
Chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwake, wolandirayo amatha kulekerera mosavuta kubzala, kubereka ndi kupatsirana. Kusamalira iye sikovuta. Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zofalitsira mbewu;
- kugawanika kwa chitsamba;
- kudula;
- mbewu.
Kuti mumvetsetse momwe mungafalitsire omwe akubwera ndi njira yogawanikirayi, ziyenera kudziwika kuti kugawa chitsamba mu chomera chomwe sichinafike pamtunda wa chitukuko sikoyenera. Kuchita kotereku kumatha kuletsa kukula kwake ndi chitukuko.
Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusankha mbewu zokhwima zaka 4-5.
Chinthu chinanso ndikuti chimakula msanga. Chifukwa chake, pamodzi ndi mafunso a kubereka, funso limabuka momwe lingabzalidwe. Wosunga tsambalo ndiosavuta kugawana. Mukafuna kutenga magawo ambiri, amakumba chitsamba, kutsuka mizu ndikudula "zigawo" zofunika ndi mpeni. Nthawi yoyenera kuchita njirayi ndi chiyambi cha masika kapena Seputembara.
Komabe, kupadera kwa duwa ili ndikuti chipatso chake chimatha kugawidwa bwino nyengo yonse.
Nthawi zina molakwika amadula gawo la chitsamba popanda muzu, koma ndi "chidendene". Zodulidwa zoterezi ndizothandizanso, muyenera kungowasiya m'madzi kuti azika mizu. Kufalikira kwa makamu pogawa tchire ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yofalitsira mbewuyo, chifukwa masamba ake amakhala ndi mizu ndipo amatha kuzika mizu mwachangu.
Momwe mungafalitsire magulu omwe adadulidwa
Sizofunikira kukhala ndi mbewu yanuyanu yofalitsira pofalitsa chifukwa yogawa, chifukwa mwina singafikire kukula komwe mukufuna. Mutha kugula odulidwa okonzedwa, odulidwa mwapadera.
Nyumba zokhala ndi mizu yotseguka zimagulitsika masika. Mukamagula, muziyang'ana mizu ndi impso. Kupeza kwake kuyenera kusiyidwa ngati mizu idakonzedwa mwamphamvu, kuwola, kutayika kwa turgor, ndipo impso ndiyofewa.
Muyenera kusunga mizu ya wolandirayo musanadzalemo mufiriji, kutentha pang'ono pamwamba pa ziro, mutatha kuzinga ndi peat kapena sphagnum ndikuyiika m'thumba.
M'mwezi wa Meyi, mmera ungabzalidwe m'malo okhazikika. Ndikwabwino kusankha malo omwe akuwunikira, koma nthawi yomweyo, otetezedwa ku dzuwa. Ngati muzibzala m'malo otetezeka kwambiri, ndiye kuti zimamera pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, kuponyera pamilandu iyi kufikira kukula kwakukulu.
Kubzala maluwa algorithm:
- podzala, dzenje lakonzedwa lomwe limakulirapo pang'ono kuposa mizu ya chomera;
- onjezani peat, humus, mchenga kudzenje lobzala;
- dzenje ndi theka lodzazidwa ndi dothi ndikuthira madzi;
- mizu yamera imagawidwa panthaka ndikuwazidwa ndi nthaka;
- makamu amabzalidwa kuti khosi la mizu limalimba ndi pafupifupi masentimita 2. Madzi a bwino.
Njira yofalitsira ndiyosavuta kufalitsa maluwa. Kubzala ndi kusamalira, zodulidwazo zimadulidwa ku chitsamba chokula chamakula.
Izi ndizothandiza kuchokera pamalingaliro oti simukufunikira kuganizira momwe mungasungire wolandila mutatha kusiyanitsa zodula. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, chifukwa choti zimayambira zimakula kwambiri, kupatukana kwa zodulidwazo kumayambitsa zovuta.
Popeza tsinde lilibe mizu kuti mubzale bwino wolandirayo, lifunika kumera mizu. Kuti tichite izi, mphukira imamasulidwa pafupifupi masamba onse ndikuyika chofunda kapena kungoikamo madzi.
Mizu yake ikamakula, mizu yakeyo imaphuka msanga.
Momwe mungasinthire kwa wolandirayo ndi momwe mungasamalire mbewu
Mutha kupeza pa mbeu za mbeu zogulitsa mu maenvulopu okhala ndi zithunzi zowoneka bwino. Musanabzale mbewu za wolandirayo, dziwani kuti mukamabzala mbewu sipangakhale funso lililonse. Zomera zimatha kukhala zobiriwira. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zomwe zimathandizira zimamera mwamphamvu, ndipo mbande zimayamba kukula.
Kubzala mbewu kumayenera kuchitika nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti mu April mbewu zimaphuka. Kukongoletsa kwa mbewuyo sikungapezeke kuposa zaka 5 za moyo.
Makomo pafupifupi samadwala, samachezeredwa ndi tizirombo.
Chosiyana ndi ma slgs omwe amawononga mawonekedwe a mbewu pang'onopang'ono masamba. Usiku umodzi wokha amatha kudulira masamba obiriwira ambiri. Kulimbana ndi ma slgs ndikosavuta, makamaka ngati kukonzekera kwa chitsulo cha zitsulo kumwazikana pakati pa mbewu.
Vuto lalikulu ndi kachilombo. Chosangalatsa cha kachilomboka ndikuwonetsa kuti mawonekedwe ake amakhala ambiri. Imatha kukhala kachidutswa kokongola pa tsamba, ndipo pallor yachilendo yomwe idatsanulidwa pamitsempha. Kachilomboka kamafalikira ndi zotsekera zokha; Zomera zodwala ziyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwonongedwa.
Wina tizilombo zobisika ndi thunthu nematode. Zimakhudza masamba a mbewu, kuzisiyira mikwingwirima yakuda. Masamba oterowo akuyenera kuwonongedwa, ndipo chomeracho chiziwika kwina. Mizu yobzalidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate musanabzale.
Ngati mumabzala dothi losavomerezeka ndi dongo, pomwe mizu yake singathe kupuma, itha kukhala yodetsedwa ndi imvi zowola. Njira yokhayo yochotsetsera mliriwu ndikuwolowa mu dothi labwino ndikumasula nthaka.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso chisamaliro choyenera, wolandirayo samadziwika kawirikawiri ndi matenda a virus.
Kodi wolandirayo akuwoneka bwanji m'mundamo (wokhala ndi chithunzi)
M'minda yabwino kwambiri yomwe kubzala alendo wamba kwazolowera, ndipo kulima si vuto, msungwana wokongola waku Asia amakongoletsa malo amdima. Mwa kumanja, amatchedwa mfumukazi ya mthunzi, amatha kumera m'malo omwe mbewu zina sizikhala mizu.
Kuzungulira ponseponse pamakhala malo abwino kubzala mababu a masika. Nyumba zimachedwa, ndipo primroses wobzalidwa pakati pa tchire amathandizira mawonekedwe kubzala mpaka wobiriwira wobiriwira atonekera. Masamba omwe amayamba mu Meyi amavala kuzimiririka.
Onani chithunzichi, chomwe amadyera mazira ambiri amakhala ndi chisamaliro chofunikira ndikubzala m'malo oyenera:
Zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ngati maluwa:
- kongoletsani bwino phazi lakumaso, zipilala ndi zina osapangira zokongola kwambiri;
- Kupangidwa kwa malire kuchokera zigawo zingapo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- kupanga maziko azomera zokongoletsera zina;
- kudzaza m'malo opanda kanthu;
- kukongoletsa kosungiramo zitsime ndi akasupe;
Kubzala tchire limodzi pakatikati pa njira pa udzu kumawoneka bwino.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi pakubzala kolala mu kapangidwe ka maluwa ndizofala kwambiri. Izi zitsamba sizimangochita zokongoletsera, zimathandizanso kukula kwa udzu.
Kuphatikizidwa ndi miyala ndi snags kumawoneka bwino, kotero m'minda yamiyala ndi miyala yamwala amapeza malo awo.
Ingoyang'anani chithunzi cha momwe maluwa a hosta amawonekera mukabzala pakhomo lolowera mundawo. Ndipo kusamalira zokongoletsera zotere kumakhalabe kochepa, chifukwa chake ndizosangalatsa.
Amakonda kukula bowa m'maluwa ndi zokongoletsera zokongoletsera makonde, ma verandas komanso nyumba. Maluwa oterowo amafunikira kuvala pafupipafupi ndi kuthirira pafupipafupi. Mukamatera, ngalande zamadzimadzi siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa.
Ngati mwanjira imeneyi mumasunthira mbewu yanu nyengo yachisanu kupita ku paranda yotentha, ndiye kuti izi zitha kukhala ndi phindu pakakula kwake kasupe.
