Buzulnik (Ligularia) amatchedwanso ligularia. Amakhudzana mwachindunji ndi mtundu wa herbaceous osatha zomera za banja Asteraceae. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu yoposa 150 ya mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Ligularia (ligularia) kuchokera ku Chilatini amatanthauzidwa kuti "lilime", izi zikuimira mawonekedwe am'mimba a chomera. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mbewu zotere zimatha kupezeka ku Europe ndi Asia. Zaka zaposachedwa, buzulnik yatchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi, pomwe chomerachi chimathamangitsa olima m'minda monga peonies ndi phlox. Amakonda kwambiri mthunzi, amatuluka kwa milungu yoposa isanu ndi itatu ndipo atha kupanga popanda kumuika zaka zambiri.
Zolemba za Buzulnik
Kutalika kwa Buzulnik kungafike mita 1.2. Zomwe zimayambira ndi zowongoka, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala zazikulu (mpaka 60 masentimita kudutsa) ma masamba a masamba ataliatali okhala ndi mawonekedwe osanjika kapena mtima. Zitha kupaka utoto wonyezimira, wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira. Pali mitundu yomwe mbali yakumaso kwa masamba imakhala yobiriwira, ndipo mbali yolakwika ndi yofiirira. Zimachitika kuti tsamba lenilenilo limapakidwa utoto wobiriwira, ndipo mitsempha ndi petioles - pofiirira kapena wofiirira. Mabasiketi a inflorescences m'mimba mwake amatha kufikira masentimita 10, ali ndi maluwa ambiri osabisika, komabe, maluwa owongolera ndi othandiza ndipo amatha kupaka utoto wamalalanje, achikasu achikasu kapena ofiira owala. Mabasiketi oterewa ndi gawo la inflorescences okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati kakhonde, mantha, mtundu wamitundu kapena mawonekedwe a corymbose. Kutalika kwa Peduncle kumatha kufika masentimita 200. Maluwa mu inflorescence amatseguka kuchokera kumunsi kupita kumtunda. Maluwa amayamba mu theka lachiwiri la June ndikutha pakati pa Ogasiti kapena mtsogolo. Chipatsocho ndichene.
Buzulnik ikamatera
Kufesa mbewu
Buzulnik ikhoza kufalitsidwa pogawa chitsamba ndi mbewu. Kubzala mbewu kumachitika mchilimwe panthaka, pomwe amangoyikidwa 1 sentimita imodzi. Mbewu isanawonekere, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Mbande zomwe zimawonetsedwa ziyenera kuzimitsidwa kuchokera ku dzuwa kulowa nthawi yamadzulo mpaka madzulo. Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kufesa mu Novembala kapena Disembala chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mbewu izi posachedwa, nthawi yachisanu azitha kupatuka mwachilengedwe. Mbande zimabzalidwa mu Januwale kapena Marichi (kutengera nthawi yamaluwa amitundu kapena mitundu), zimazidulira ndikuyanika mu Meyi, pomwe sipakhala choopseza chisanu. Mbewu zikakhala ndi nthawi kuti zipse mwachindunji pachitsamba ndi kugwera panthaka, ndiye kuti mbeu zina zimadzifalitsa. Zomera zomwe zimamera pambewuyi zimayamba kuphuka patatha zaka 4 kapena 5 zokha.
Kuchotsa ndikugawa chitsamba cha buzulnik
Pamalo omwewo, mbewu iyi imatha kukula pafupifupi zaka 20. Komabe, kamodzi pazaka zisanu, chitsamba chimayenera kukumbidwa, kugawidwa ndikuzazidwa, chifukwa mizu yake imakula mwamphamvu ndikuchokera pansi. Nthawi yabwino yodula ndi kuphukira, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokukula, pomwe mbale zamasamba zazing'onong'ono zikuyamba kumene kukula, chifukwa ndi panthawiyi pomwe ogawa mizu amatenga mizu mwachangu komanso bwino kwambiri. Simuyenera kukumba chitsamba chonse kuchokera pansi, muyenera kudula gawo lofunikira ndi fosholo ndikungokumba kokha. Bowo lomwe ladzaliralo liyenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi lodzaza ndi michere, ndiye kuthirira chitsamba chotsalira. Gawo lomwe anakumbalo liyenera kutsukidwa bwino, kenako ndi mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri kuti agawire magawo. Nthawi yomweyo, impso imodzi yothandiza iyenera kukhalapo pagawo lililonse. Malo omwe mabala amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi makala ophwanyika kapena yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Bowo lobzala likhale ndi masentimita 40x40, pomwe mtunda pakati pa mbeu uyenera kukhala kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 150 sentimita. Musanadzalemo, tsanulirani zidebe za 1,5 za humus mu dzenje, komanso kuchuluka kwa superphosphate ndi phulusa. Adabzala bwino Delenki chaka chamawa ayamba kale kukongola kwambiri.
Kufika mwadzidzidzi
Zikadzachitika kuti mudzabzale maluwa m'nthawi yachilimwe, chitsamba chiyenera kukonzedwa. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani peduncle ndikudula masamba 1/3, pomwe muyenera kuyamba ndi masamba am'munsi. Iyenera kubzalidwa mwanjira yomweyo monga Delenki (onani pamwambapa). Tchire liyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nthaka ndi yonyowa nthawi zonse. Popeza mudzasinthira buzulnik nthawi yotentha, zimatenga mphamvu zambiri kuchokera pamenepo kufikira mutazika mizu. Pakadutsa milungu pafupifupi 4, ayenera kuzika mizu.
Zosamalidwa
Malo osungidwa ayenera kusankhidwa chifukwa chobzala, pomwe dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa, lolemera mu humus ndi michere. Chiwembu pafupi ndi nkhokwe yachilengedwe kapena choyikira ndichabwino kwambiri. Ikadzakula nyengo ya buzulnik ikayamba masika, zidzakhala zofunikira kumasula dothi ndikuwaza ndi mulch. M'chilimwe, muyenera kuthirira mbewu mwadongosolo munthawi yachilala, komanso ngati kuli koyenera, Mangani inflorescence. Maluwa atakhala nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kutentha kwa dzuwa, kuthirira kwambiri komwe kumafunikira. Mavalidwe apamwamba ayenera kuchitidwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa kasupe mpaka Julayi, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa mullein molingana ndi 1: 10. Mu nthawi yophukira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyambitsa humus mu ½ gawo la chidebe pansi pa chitsamba, koma yesetsani kuti musagwiritse manyowa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Buzulnik amalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toopsa. Komabe, nthawi yamasika, tchire limatha kulandidwa ndi ma slgs, kuti tipewe izi, ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze dothi pafupi ndi chomeracho ndi granular superphosphate. Nthawi zina, maluwa oterewa amakhala ndi matenda a powdery mildew. Matenda oterewa amatha kutha mwa kupopera chitsamba ndi yankho la colloidal sulfure (1%) kapena potaziyamuanganamu (2,5 g wa chinthu mumtsuko).
Buzulnik pambuyo maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Kuti muthe kushesa maluwa atatha, muyenera kusankha ma inflorescence angapo ndikuyika thumba la gauze pa iwo, kuti mupewe kudziphukira. Ma peduncle otsalira ayenera kuchotsedwa. Izi zimathandizira kukulitsa masamba a masamba, komanso muthanso kupewa kudziletsa. M'dzinja, masamba a chomera amapentedwa mu mtundu wina wodabwitsa, ndipo amakongoletsa mundawo mpaka theka lachiwiri la Okutobala. Pambuyo poti inflorescence ipake, imayenera kudulidwa mosamala, komanso mchipindacho kuti gulitsani mbewu, zomwe ziyenera kuwunikiridwa kuti zichotse zinyalala. Zikakhala kuti mukufuna kufesa m'dzinja, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimathiridwa pansi papepala ndikudikirira tsiku loyenera kufesa. Asanayike thumba mu thumba kuti lisungidwe, ayenera kuwuma.
Zisanu
Chigawo choyamba chovuta chikadzayamba, padzafunika kudula kwathunthu mbali ya tchire lomwe lili pamwamba panthaka. Zitachitika izi, malowo ayenera owazidwa ndi wosanjikiza mulch. Ngakhale kuti mbewu iyi ili ndi chisanu, chisanu chachikulu chomwe chimakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa chimatha kuvulaza buzulnik.
Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Pansipa kufotokozeredwa mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe imakonda kwambiri alimi.
Buzulnik Przhevalsky (Ligularia przewalskii)
Chomera chotere sichimakula komanso chosasangalatsa. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa magawo omwe ali m'mundamo omwe samawoneka wokongola kwambiri. Tchire limafika kutalika kwa masentimita 150, limakhala ndi ma inflorescence owoneka ngati nthomba komanso masamba otambalala (ofanana ndi mapulo). Maluwa oterowo, ngakhale ali opendekera, amawoneka okongola kwambiri. Maluwa amayamba m'masiku omaliza a Julayi.
Zosiyanasiyana:
- Roketi. Kutalika kwa ma peduncles, omwe amawongoleredwa m'mwamba, amafika masentimita 200. Ali ndi madengu ambiri achikasu inflorescence. Mphukira zofiirira za brownish zimakhala zolimba kwambiri ndipo sizifunikira thandizo. Masamba a masamba ali pafupifupi ozungulira, ooneka ngati mtima, okhala ndi m'mphepete. M'chilimwe, masamba amakhala obiriwira, ndipo m'dzinja - rasipiberi-burgundy.
- Tsamba lamapulo. Ma plates a masamba ali ndi mapulo. Akuluakulu kwambiri (akulu kuposa Rocket), mainchesi awo ndi pafupifupi 25 sentimita. Kutalika, chitsamba chimatha kufika 1.7 m.
Buzulnik zida (Ligularia dentata)
Chomera chamuyaya chimenecho chimafika kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 100. Mbale yayikulu yooneka ngati impso ndi gawo la Basal. Dengu la mabasiketi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 7-8, ndipo ali mbali ya mapangidwe ooneka ngati mantha. Maluwa a Reed ndi achikaso achikasu, ndipo ma tubular ndi otuwa. Maluwa amayamba mu Ogasiti. Mtengowo suthanso kuzizira kwambiri, ngati dzinja limakhala lozizira, ndiye kuti lidzafunika pogona.
Zosiyanasiyana:
- Desdemona. Maluwa ake ndi achikasu achikasu, ndipo masamba ake ndi ofiirira ndipo amakhala ndi m'mphepete. Maluwa amayamba mu Ogasiti.
- Othello Masamba obiriwira obiriwira otambalala amatha kufika masentimita 50. Kuchokera kumbali yolakwika adapakidwa utoto wonenepa. Maluwa amtundu wa lalanje-tangerine ndi gawo limodzi la inflorescence, womwe m'mimba mwake umafikira masentimita 13.
- Maloto a Osiris. Mtundu wocheperako wosapitirira theka la mita kutalika. Mbali yakutsogolo yamasamba imakhala yobiriwira, ndipo mbali yolakwika ndi burgundy. Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi.
Olima minda ambiri amakongoletsa minda yawo ndi malingaliro omwe afotokozedwa m'munsimu.
Kempfer Buzulnik (Ligularia kaempferi)
Uku ndikuwoneka ku Japan. Mphukira zachindunji zimaphukidwa pang'ono. Mitengo yayikulu yooneka ngati impso imakhala yozungulira, yosasanjika konse, yobiriwira. Dongosolo lawo limatha kufika 25 cm. Pamaso pa petioles pali pubescence. Pali mabasiketi achikasu achikaso ambiri omwe mainchesi amafikira masentimita 5. Ali m'gulu la inflorescence yokhazikika ya corymbose, yomwe ili pamatanda oyambira. Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi. M'dzinja, malo omwe ali ndi mbewuyi ayeneraakutidwa ndi mulch. Pali mitundu yamaluwa yoyambirira. Maluwa ake amapakidwa utoto wagolide, ndi masamba ozungulira owongoka - obiriwira kwambiri. Pamasamba pali chidutswa cha mtundu wagolide.
Chachikulu-tsamba Buzulnik (Ligularia macrophylla)
Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mutha kukumana ku Central Asia ndi Far East. Kutalika kwa masamba a masamba apansi azitali kutalika kuchokera 30 mpaka 45 sentimita. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso mtundu wamtambo. Chiwerengero chambiri cha mabasiketi achikaso-inflorescence ndi gawo la mantha otumbwa. Peduncle kutalika mpaka ma sentimita 150. M'nyengo yozizira, safuna pogona.
Wilson's Buzulnik (Ligularia wilsoniana)
Mphukira pang'ono zowongoka pang'ono kutalika zimatha kufika masentimita 150. Mbale zazikuluzikulu zazitali zokhala ndi masamba a masamba ndizoyambira. Mitengo yayitali ya inflorescence imakhala ndi mabasiketi achikaso ang'onoang'ono (pafupifupi mamilimita 25). Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi. Zomera sizigwirizana ndi nyengo yozizira, koma zimafunikira pogona nyengo yozizira.
Siberian Buzulnik (Ligularia sibirica)
Kutalika kwa chomera cham'mimba choterechi kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 0.3 mpaka 1,3. Mapale a masamba a Rosette amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofunika pamtima, owoneka ngati impso kapena owoneka ndi mtima. Kapangidwe ka mpikisano wamtunduwu kumaphatikizapo madengu achikasu.
Buzulnik (Ligularia stenocephala)
Lingaliro ndilofanana kwambiri ndi Przewalski Buzulnik. Komabe, maluwa ake ndiakulu, ndipo masamba owoneka ndi mtima ndi olimba kwambiri.
Buzulnik Fisher (Ligularia fischeri)
Kutalika kwa chomera chachilengedwe kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 0,3 mpaka 1.5 mita. Mapulogalamu a Rosette amatha kukhala oboola pamtima kapena okhala ndi mkondo. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 12-23, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 10-25 sentimita. Pamwamba masamba amatha kuzunguliridwa kapena kuwongoka, ndipo amakhala ndi petioles zazitali, zopyapyala. Maluwa ake ndi achikasu achikasu. Mizu yama inflorescence imakhala ndi madengu a 2-4, mainchesi omwe amasiyana 25 mpaka 40 mm. Maluwa amayamba m'masiku omaliza a June.
Buzulnik Hessey (Ligularia x hessei)
Ichi ndi chomera chosakanizidwa kupyola buzulnik ndi Wilson wosakhwima. Ili ndi zambiri zofanana ndi serzulnik yokhala ndi serizulnik, kotero mabasiketi amatengedwa mchikopa chachikulu, koma inflorescence siili wandiweyani. Dongosolo la madengu ndi masentimita 5, kunja kwake ndi ofanana ndi chamomile. Ma plates a masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mtima. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kuli pafupifupi masentimita 200, ndipo kudutsa - 100 cm. Maluwa amawoneka kumapeto kwa nthawi yachilimwe.
Buzulnik esaletsky (Ligularia tangutica), kapena Tangut godson
Chomera chokongola ichi chimakhala ndi mizu yomwe imapangika ngati stolon. Itha kufalikira pokhapokha pogawa nthangala, kudzikongoletsa kwa mtunduwu ndikosatheka. Kutalika kwa mphukira zotsika mtengo kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0.7 mpaka 0.9 m. Mbale za masamba a Lacy ndizosanjidwa kwambiri. Ma inflorescence okhala ndi maluwa okongola achikasu. Maluwa amawonedwa mu Julayi ndi August.
Buzulnik Vicha (Ligularia veitchiana)
Kutalika kwa chomera chamtunduwu ndi pafupifupi masentimita 200. Kutalika kwa masamba owoneka ndi mtima mpaka masentimita 40. Spike inflorescence imakhala ndi madengu ambiri amtundu wachikaso. Maluwa amayamba mu Ogasiti. Oletsa kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, koma nthawi yachisanu amafunika pogona.
Buzulnik palmate-lobed, kapena slate mawonekedwe (Ligularia x Palmatiloba)
Kutalika kwa tchire kuli pafupifupi masentimita 180, ndipo mainchesi ndi 100 centimeter. Masamba akulu am'munsi amakhala ozungulira ndipo amakhala ndi lobes akuya. Mabasiketi achikasu ndi gawo la inflorescence lotayirira. Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi kapena Ogasiti.
Buzulnik Vorobieva (Ligularia vorobievii)
Kutalika kwa tchire lalikulu ndi pafupifupi masentimita 200, ndipo mainchesi awo ndi main sentimita 120. Mapepala okhala ndi chikopa chowoneka ngati chikopa ndi utoto wakuda. Mabasiketi akulu ndi gawo la mabulashi. Kuyamba kwa maluwa mu Ogasiti.
