Arrowroot - osatha herbaceous zomera ndi mwachindunji kapena zokwawa mphukira ndi tuberous miz. Zomera zimatchulidwa pambuyo pa dokotala waku Venetian Bartalomeo Maranta (XVI century). Pali dzina lina lotchuka - "Malamulo 10." Imodzi mwa mitundu ya arrowroot ili ndi malo 10 pamasamba, chifukwa chake anthu aku England amayesa kukhala ndi maluwa otere m'nyumba iliyonse. Tilankhula za mawonekedwe a kukula kwa arrowroot kunyumba m'nkhaniyi.
Maranta ndi oyera-oyera, osiyanasiyana ndi ofiira (Maranta leuconeura var. Erytrophylla)Kufotokozera kwamabotolo pa arrowroot
Maranta (Maranta) - mtundu wazomera wa banja la Marantov. Pafupifupi mitundu 25 imadziwika mu mtundu. Banja la mivi (Marantaceae) ili ndi mitundu 400 yazomera yomwe ili 30 genera. Kwawo kwa Marant ndi nkhalango zachilengedwe za Central ndi South America.
Arrowroot - mbewu zotsika, zomwe sizimakonda kukula 20cm. Amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa chajambula bwino masamba, pomwe mitsempha yowoneka bwino ndi mawanga amawonekera motsutsana ndi maziko ake. Masamba ofanana amasiyanasiyana kuyambira oyera mpaka obiriwira, pafupifupiuda. Masamba amakhala mzere-lanceolate, oblong-elliptical, ozungulira-mawonekedwe.
Masamba a Marant ali ndi mwayi wosintha momwe amagwirira ntchito: masamba masamba pansi pazabwino amapezeka mozungulira, ndipo pakakhala kuyatsa kapena zinthu zina zovuta, amadzuka ndikugundana. Chifukwa cha izi, arrowroots amatchedwa "udzu wopemphera."
Zofunikira zakukula kuti zikule
Kuwala: chomwazika kowala, chomera chitha kulolera mthunzi wina.
Kutentha: nthawi yamasika-nthawi yachilimwe - + 22 ... + 24 ° C; m'dzinja-nthawi yozizira - + 18 ... + 20 ° C.
Kuthirira: yambiri, madzi ofunda.
Chinyezi cha mpweya: kumtunda.
Mavalidwe apamwamba: Chomera chimafuna kuvala pamwamba komanso feteleza komanso michere yambiri.
Nthawi yopumula: kukakamizidwa, kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Ogasiti.
Zambiri za kukula kwa arrowroot
Arrowroots ndi mbewu zolocha mthunzi zomwe zimamera bwino pakuwala. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zimafunanso kuwala kowala. Osalekerera dzuwa lowongolera nthawi yamasika kapena miyezi yotentha. Kukula kwake ndi mtundu wa masamba zimatengera ngati mbewuyo yatetezedwa bwino ndi dzuwa. Ngati kuwala kwakeko kwambiri, masamba amatayika, ndipo tsamba limatsika. Ma arrowroots amakula bwino kwambiri pansi pa kuunikira kochita kupanga ndi nyali za fluorescent kwa maola 16 patsiku.
Maranta ndi oyera-oyera, Massangen mitundu (Maranta leuconeura var. Massangeana)Mivi yakutali ndi thermophilic. M'chilimwe, kutentha kwakukulu ndi + 22 ... + 24 ° C; Kutentha kwambiri ndi kowopsa kwa zomera. Onani kutentha kwa dothi - sikuyenera kugwa pansi + 18 ° C. Kuyambira mwezi wa Okutobala mpaka Febere, mkati mwa nyengo yotsika, kutentha kwakukulu kwa zomwe zili marantus ndi + 18 ... + 20 ° ะก; Palibe chifukwa choti kutentha kuyenera kutsikira + 10 ° C. Chomera chimakonda kwambiri kutentha kwambiri ndi zojambula zake - ziyenera kupewedwa.
Kuthirira kwa arrowroot kumafuna madzi ambiri ofunda. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa ndipo siliyenera kuloledwa kuti liume pakati pa kuthirira nthawi yakula. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa pang'ono, ndipo m'malo otentha ndikofunikira kuti gawo lapansi lisaume. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dothi silidasungunuka ndipo mizu yake simakhazikika.
Maranta amakonda chinyezi chambiri. Amafuna kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse pachaka. Utsi ndi madzi osalala kapena osasankhidwa. Kwa arrowroot, ndikofunikira kusankha malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri.
Ndi mpweya wouma wamkati, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira kamodzi, komanso moyenera kawiri pa tsiku. Kuchulukitsa chinyezi, mbewuyo ikhoza kuikidwa pallet ndi chonyowa moss, dongo kapena miyala yamiyala. Poterepa, pansi pamphika suyenera kukhudza madzi.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, arrowroot imatha kutsukidwa. Njirayi imatsuka fumbi ndikumunyowetsa masamba a chomeracho, pomwe mukutsuka, kutseka mphika ndi thumba kuti madzi asalowe gawo lapansi.
Reed arrowroot motley, mosagate (Maranta arundinacea 'Variegata').
Nthawi zambiri, kuphatikiza pa njira zowonjezera chinyezi, malingaliro a masamba amawuma muzomera pansi. Arrowroots amakula bwino, monga tawonera kale, m'malo obiriwira pang'ono, nyumba zamaluwa, mizu.
Chomera chimafuna chovala chapamwamba ndi feteleza komanso michere yambiri. The arrowroot imadyetsedwa masika ndi chilimwe kamodzi masabata awiri aliwonse yothetsera kuchepetsedwa kwam feteleza wa mchere, komanso feteleza wophatikizidwa kwambiri.
Mivi amaikika, pafupifupi, zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, kumapeto, pomwe mphika umatengedwa pang'ono kuposa woyamba, makamaka pulasitiki (imakhala ndi chinyezi bwino). Masamba owuma ndi owuma amadulidwa pachomera kuti mphukira zazing'ono zimakula bwino.
Pakubzala arrowroot, osati miphika yakuya imagwiritsidwa ntchito (mizu yazomera siyosaya); amafunika kupanga ngalande zabwino, zopangira shards, dongo lokakulitsidwa kapena mchenga wowuma.
Chomera chimakonda dothi lambiri acid (pH pafupifupi 6), chimatha kupangidwa ndi tsamba, humus, peat land (1: 1: 1) kapena dothi la m'munda, peat ndi mchenga (3: 1.5: 1). Ndikofunika kuwonjezera ma mullein owuma, makala oponderezedwa ndi zina zadziko lapansi pazosakanizazi.
Maranta ndi oyera-oyera, osiyanasiyana a Kerkhov (Maranta leuconeura var. Kerchoveana).
Mukakulidwa mu chikhalidwe cha hydroponic kapena gawo la ion-exchange, arrowroot imapanga mbewu zamphamvu, zazikulu, zotsika mtengo, popanda kulamula, kusintha, ndi kuvala kwapamwamba kwa zaka 2-3.
Kufalitsa kwa Arrowroot
Njira yabwino yopezera chomera chatsopano ndikufalitsa arrowroot ndikugawa chitsamba pa nthawi yoyenera kuiika. Zogawa zobzalidwa zimabzalidwa mumiphika yaying'ono yokhala ndi dothi lopangidwa monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Kuti muzutse mbali zogawika za chomera, miphika imakutidwa ndi filimu ndikusungidwa pamalo otentha. Ndikofunikira kuti munthawi imeneyi kutentha kwa mpweya kunalibe kutsika kuposa +20 madigiri. Zomera zikayamba kuzika ndikuyamba kukula, filimuyo imatha kuchotsedwa ndikuusamaliridwa bwino, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Nthawi zambiri, pansi pazinthu izi, kuzula kwa arrowroot kumachitika popanda mavuto.
The arrowroot itha kufalitsidwanso ndi kudula apical. Kuti tichite izi, kumapeto kwa nthawi ya masika kapena chilimwe, zodulidwa ndi masamba atatu kuchokera kumiphukira yatsopano ya chomera ziyenera kudulidwa ndikuyika madzi. Kudula kwa Arrowroot kumazika mizu pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Mizu yake ndi yolimba komanso yosalala komanso chinyezi. Mizu yokhwima yomwe imadzalidwa munkhokwe yobzalidwa ndi peat.
Ma arrowroot ali ngati bango, ndipo nawonso ndi arrowroot, kapena West Indian (Maranta arundinacea).
Matenda a Arrowroot
Ngati muwona kuti masamba a arrowroot atembenuka chikasu, malekezero ake amakhala otuwa komanso owuma, kukula kwa mbewuyo kumachepera, ndiye kuti mwina maluwa anu alibe chinyezi ndipo mpweya wozungulira mbewuyo ndi wouma kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mlengalenga, nthawi zambiri kupopera arrowroot, kuyika mumphika mu peat kapena pamiyala ndi madzi poto.
Mpweya wouma kwambiri ungapangitse kupindika ndi kugwa kwa masamba a arrowroot, komanso kuwononga mbewuyo ndi kangaude. Kangaude ndi kangaude wochepa kwambiri. Amawoneka patsinde lamasamba ndikuwaphimba ndi ma cobwebs oyera oyera. Imawonongeka ndikumwaza ndi kuchapa masamba, makamaka kumunsi, ndi madzi, kulowetsedwa kwa fodya wopanda sopo, kufumbi (mumlengalenga, kunja kwa zipinda) ndi sulufule wa nthaka, kapena chomera chimagwiridwa ndi mankhwala opangidwa kale.
Mukamachiza masamba a arrowroot ndi kulowetsedwa pambuyo maola 2-3, masamba ayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ozizira. Chithandizo cha mbewu chikuyenera kubwerezedwa kangapo mpaka tizirombo atawonongeratu. Popewa kuwonongeka ndi kangaude, mbewuyo izikhala yoyera, nthawi zambiri ikathiridwa, kusungidwa mabatire apakati.
Ngati mbewuyo imasungidwa kuzizira ndikuthilira kwambiri, ndiye kuti matenda sangathe chifukwa cha arrowroot. Mwakutero, duwa lidzafota ndikuvunda zitsinde ndi masamba, ngati simusintha momwe mungagwidwire, ndiye kuti arrowroot adzafa.
Maranta (Maranta subterranea).
Ma mivi akufunika pamagetsi. Ngati kuunikaku kuli kowala kwambiri, masamba amataya mtundu. Dzuwa litayang'ana mwachindunji, masamba amatha kuwotcha. Makanda amafunikira kuwala kosiyanitsidwa. Kuchokera pakuwala kwadzuwa, duwa la arrowroot liyenera kutetezedwa.
Kodi arrowroot wanu amakula m'nyumba mwanu? Gawani zomwe zakukula mu ndemanga zomwe zalembedwa kapena pa Foramu yathu.
