Mkaka ndiwotsika mtengo komanso wotsika mtengo, mphatso yachilengedwe. Ndi ng'ombe zingati zomwe zimapatsa mkaka patsiku, ndipo ndi ziweto zingati zomwe zimafunikira kuti zipereke mkaka kwa anthu a m'maiko ambiri? Kupangidwa kwa mitundu yopanga kwambiri komanso ng ombe yamkaka imakulolani kuti muchoke ku ng'ombe imodzi kupita pa malita 80 a mkaka munthawi yoyenera kudyetsa ndi kusunga.
Zomwe zimasankha ng'ombe
Kusunga chidebe cha ng'ombe mnyumba kumatanthauza kukhala ndi mkaka, tchizi tchizi, kirimu wowawasa patebulo kwa miyezi 10 pachaka. Zinyalala za pachaka zimapatsa banjali nyama. Nthawi yomweyo, mwana wamkazi wathanzi amasankhidwa, yemwe amaleredwa kuti atenge ng'ombe yakalamba ndi yotaya. Kupanga mkaka ndi mawonekedwe a nyamayi imabadwa. Anthu oyandikana nawo ali okonzeka kugula ng'ombe yaikazi yabwino popanda kumata.
Mitundu ingapo yopanga zipatso imadziwika mdziko lapansi:
- Golshtinskaya - mkaka watsiku ndi tsiku umapereka kwa makilogalamu 110;
- Yaroslavskaya - mpaka 62 kg;
- Kholmogorskaya - mpaka 78 kg.
Koma ichi ndiye kuchuluka kwa mkaka kwa munthu pa nsonga ya mkaka wa m'misili moyenerera. Mitundu yopindulitsa imafunikira chakudya chapadera komanso kukonza. Zoweta zakunyumba ndizoyenera kutengera nyumba, zopanda zipatso, koma zimagwirizana ndi nyengo yamaderawo. Chifukwa chake, ng'ombe ya Yakut yotalikirapo yokhala ndi ubweya wautali wonenepa imadyera pamakoma, ikamadyetsa kuchikuto chofewa. Kodi ng'ombe zotere zimapatsa mkaka zingati patsiku? Mwa mkaka 2 umapereka 10 malita a mkaka, nthawi yozizira imapulumuka ngakhale pa udzu wozizira paddock.
Ng'ombe za Simmental ndizodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndiwo katundu wa Switzerland. Mukamagwirira mkaka 5000 l / chaka, amakhala ndi mafuta a 3.8-4%.
Zizindikiro za mkaka wokwanira pakusankha namwino zidzakhala:
- thupi litakwezeka ndi kuswedwa mbali;
- miyendo ndi yayitali, mimba ndi yowongoka, mutu ndiwowongoka, wopepuka;
- khosi ndi loonda, lopindika khungu;
- kumbuyo kuli kowongoka, mafupa otuluka, amagwa;
- bere la ng'ombe ndi losalala, lopanda zisindikizo ndi ma ntchofu, khungu ndi mauwa ndizoyera, pali makola, malo owonjezera akamwalira.
Mukamayesedwa, ng'ombeyo siyiyenera kumenya. Kudziyamwa kwa nyama sikungabweretse chisangalalo pakulankhulana. Kuda nkhawa kwa nyama kumatha kukhala kupweteketsa mtima pakukhudza, izi ziyenera kuchenjeza ogula.
Ndi ng'ombe iti yomwe imawerengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kunyumba?
Chizindikiro chachikulu chidzakhala kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe yomwe imapereka mkaka patsiku. Tiyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti chilengedwe chimayatsa chibadwa cha ng'ombe kutiidyetse ana. Chifukwa ng'ombe ndi mkaka womwe timalandira. Chifukwa chake, zokolola zamkaka kuchokera ku ng ombe zimasiyanasiyana kutengera nthawi yomwe khola lidakhalapo, kaya aberekanso mwana.
Chofunikanso ndi kukoma ndi mafuta mkaka mu ng'ombe. Kukoma kwake kumatengera zakudya zomwe zidadulidwa. Mafuta mkaka, ngakhale munthawi imodzi yotsekera, amasintha. Choyamba, mkaka wonenepa kwambiri umafotokozedwa. Wonenepa kwambiri, wotsikira mkaka. Izi ndizomwe zimafinyira mpaka dontho lomaliza, kuletsa kukula kwa mastitis m'malo osasunthika.
Mafuta otchuka a Vologda ndiosatheka kupita kulikonse kupatula Vologda. Utoto wapadera womwe sungathe kuzimiririka umaperekedwa kwa zitsamba zakomweko mkaka.
Amadziwika kuti ng'ombe ikamabala kwambiri, amachepetsa mafuta ambiri mkaka. Kunyumba, mafuta mkaka umatengera cholowa, koma chakudya chimatha kusintha. Amachulukitsa zonenepa za msipu ndi msipu wamtchire, m'matanthwe okhala ndi zitsamba ndi mitsinje yambiri. Ng'ombe ikalandira yisiti yamphesa, nyama yophwanyika ndi chakudya chapadera, mafuta okhutira ndi mkaka zimachuluka. Zowonjezera za tsiku ndi tsiku za mchere wa tebulo 70-90 magalamu pa ng'ombe iliyonse zimafunikira kuti muzikhala bwino.
Ku Russia, nyama ndi mkaka Bestuzhev zoweta za ng'ombe ziyenera kuonedwa kukhala zopatsa thanzi. Kupanga kwa mtunduwu ndi makilogalamu 600-700 pachaka. Pakunyumba, ng'ombe zimalemera 700 kg. Mitunduyi imaberekera madera a Samara ndi Ulyanovsk, Tatarstan, Bashkiria.
Mwakuthupi, mafuta a mkaka mu ng'ombe amakhala okwera m'mwezi woyamba wa mkaka wa m'mawere, ndiye kuti amatsika pakatha miyezi iwiri, koma pali mkaka ochulukirapo. Kuyambira miyezi 4, zipatso zamkaka zimayamba kugwa, ndipo zonona mu mkaka zimachuluka. Ndipo izi zichitika mpaka namwino atapatsa theka la lita imodzi ya mkaka. Kenako pakubwera kuwuma. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yopuma imayamba miyezi iwiri isanakwane. Koma pakadali pomwe pali mkaka, simungathe kuponyera mkaka, kutupa kwa milomo ya mkaka kumatha kuchitika.
Momwe mungasankhire makina amkaka a ng'ombe
Ngati pali ng'ombe ziwiri pabwalo lanyumba, alendo amawatenga ndi makina apadera amkaka. Kumasulira nguluwe pamkaka ndi ntchito yovuta. Zala ndi minofu ya manja zimatopa. Ndikofunika kupaka mkaka pamimba, sikungatheke kudumpha nthawi yoyamwitsa, zokolola zamkaka zotsatira zimakhala zochepa. Chifukwa chake, kuti athandizire ntchito, makina opaka mkaka adapangidwa. Imakoka mphamvu pa nipples nthawi ya mkaka kumapangitsa chidwi cha mwana wang'ombe ndi kuphatikiza mkaka mumtsuko.
Pali njira ziwiri zoyamwitsa mkaka kuchokera kumbele: pansi pa vacuum ndi kufinya. Njira zitatu zotulutsira matendawa limafanana ndi kuyamwa ng'ombe kapena kuyamwa. Amavulala nipples pang'ono. Makina onse amkaka ndi phokoso. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupereka ng'ombe nthawi kuti izolowere luso, kuyatsa makinawo pasadakhale mukamayamwa ndi dzanja. Kuchita bwino kwa kukhazikitsa kumawerengedwa ndi zotsatira:
- kuthamanga ndi kukwanira kwa kuperekera;
- kudalirika kwa kukonza magalasi pazingwe;
- digiri ndi chikhalidwe cha phokoso.
Mtengo wamakina opangira mkaka wa ng'ombe umatengera mtundu wa kukhazikitsidwa kwake ndi kasinthidwe kake. Osati nthawi zonse mtundu wa zinthu umagwirizana ndi mtengo.
Sakalamenti loyamwa namwino wanyumba
Wovala bwino, womangidwa ndi apuroni ndi ndowa, ambuye amawoneka paddock. Amasula ng'ombeyo, ndikumuuza mawu okoma, kutsuka ndi chofunda ndi madzi ofunda, ndikupukuta ndi thaulo yolimba. Pambuyo pake, amapanga kutikita minofu, ndikumenyetsa mbereyo ndikusintha ndi kuyenda modekha. Ng'ombeyo idapumula, m'mimba mwake idagwa, ndipo mbuye wakeyo modekha amakhazikika pafupi ndi mapazi a namwino.
Momwe mungayamwitsire ng'ombe kuti imupatse mkaka wonse? Sacramenti yolumikizirana pakati pa nyama ndi munthu sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi zokambirana zakunja ndi nyama zapakhomo. Pang'onopang'ono komanso modekha, wogwirizira amamasula chimbudzi pamtolo wa mkaka. Imapukutidwa ndi thaulo, nsonga zamadzimadzi zimapaka mafuta osokoneza bongo popanda mafuta. Ng'ombeyo imakhazikika ndikupatsidwa chidebe cha swill yosangalatsa ndi phala kapena chinangwa. Kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe yomwe imapereka mkaka patsiku, zimadalira momwe imakhudzira ndi wowapeza.
