M'masamba onunkhira omwe amagulitsa mu supermarket amakhala ndi nitrate 60%, koma mavitamini - dontho laling'ono. Chifukwa chake, mamiliyoni a azimayi apanyumba aganiza zoyamba kukulitsa sipinachi pawindo, yomwe imabzala kufesa koyenera, kusamalira ndi kututa.
Mu horticulture, mmera umagawidwa malinga ndi nthawi yakucha: oyambirira, pakati pakupacha ndi mitundu mochedwa. Komabe, matenthedwe oyenerera kuti akwaniritse bwino ndi 16-18 ° C.
Kulima sipinachi modabwitsa pazenera
Mazana azikhalidwe zamtunduwu adayikidwapo mu zasayansi zasayansi. Ambiri aiwo ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira chamatenda. Zophatikiza zimatha kugonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimabweretsa nkhungu, matenda ndi zowola.
Wogula amayang'anizana ndi kusankha kosiyanasiyana
Gawo loyamba limayamba ndikusankhidwa kwa mbeu yabwino yobzala. Alimi aluso amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu ingapo yomwe imakula bwino mu udzu wobiriwira. Kuti mupange sipinachi kuchokera ku mbewu pawindo, ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha mitundu iyi:
- Zachikulu. Kwa nthawi yayitali siziyambira muvi, sizigwirizana ndi kudzikundikira kwa nitrate ndipo zimakhala ndi katundu woletsa kuzizira. Tchire lakuda limadulidwa muzu 3 milungu itatu mutabzala.
- Tsamba lopaka. Gulu la amadyera ali ndi mapuloteni komanso mavitamini athanzi. Zosiyanasiyana ndizovomerezeka kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito pakudya kwa ana. Kucha nthawi ndi masiku 31.
- Matador. Amakonzekeretsa nthaka yachonde komanso kuthirira yambiri. Kuyambira kumera mpaka pakucha kwathunthu kumatenga masiku 40-50. Pulogalamu yaying'ono imakhala ndi masamba akuda omwe amadulidwa.
- Ziwawa Wirofle. Amamuona ngati woyamba kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi yachisanu sipinachi pawindo imatha kukolola kuyambira masiku 28 ndi pambuyo pake. Tchire la mitengo yosalala limafikira mainchesi 8-10.
Kuti zithetse mbewuyo chaka chonse, opanga ambiri amalimbikitsa nyengo zingapo pamnyengo. Nthawi yayitali pakati pawo kuyambira masiku 10 mpaka 15.
Komabe, masiku omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi ofanana, chifukwa mtundu wa gululi umakhudza kumera. Komanso sikuti gawo locheperako limaseweredwa ndi nyengo. Kuphatikiza apo, chidwi chachikulu chiyenera kulipidwa momwe angakulire sipinachi pawindo la nyumba.
Kukonzekera gawo - kugwira ntchito ndi mbewu ndi dothi
Otsalira akutsimikizira kuti kufesa kutha kuchitidwa mu nthawi yonse ya nthawi yophukira-yozizira komanso nthawi ya chilimwe. Chachikulu ndikusankha mitundu yokhala ndi mbale zazikulu komanso zamasamba. Mphukira zabwino ziwoneka mwachangu ngati:
- zilowetsani nyemba mu madzi ofunda kwa maola 24;
- ndikukhazikika kwa maola 2-4 mu njira yokhazikika ya potaziyamu permanganate;
- ndiye kuti mbewu ziume ndi kuzikulunga mu thaulo la pepala.
Chifukwa cha njira za "spa" zoterezi zidzafalikira mokwanira. Zotsatira zake, chipolopolo cholimba chimafewa kwambiri kotero kuti chimapangitsa kuti mphukira yake idutsemo mwachangu kwambiri. Madzi ophera tizilombo amawononga majeremusi onse ndi zina zowola zomwe zimapezeka m'mbewu.
Zichitika kuti wolimayo alibe mwayi woti zilowerere. Poterepa, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti dothi lonyowa likhale chidebe musanafesere.
Timakonza gawo lapansi
Poyamba,, alendo ayenera kusankha njira yomwe angagwiritse ntchito kuti azikulitsa sipinachi pawindo, kaya atayika kapena popanda kumuika. Poyambirira, chidebe chaching'ono chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo zikamera, amatumphukira kumalo okhazikika. Pachiwiri, ndi bwino kutenga mphika wamaluwa kapena mbale yayikulu, koma yopingasa. Chachikulu ndikuti ili ndi mabowo otayira. Kudzaza miphika kumachitika motere:
- pansi ndi yokutidwa ndi dongo, miyala kapena udzu wosweka (wosanjikiza 2-3 cm), ndiye kuti chinyezi sichidzasunthira pansi;
- sakanizani vermicompost (gawo limodzi) ndi ulusi wa coconut (maola 2);
- m'malo mwa organic organic, perlite kapena vermiculite nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito (1-2 tsp amawonjezeredwa 1 m² wa nthaka).
Simungagule zosakaniza zamtunda, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zowonjezera za peat. Zinthu zachilengedwezi zimachulukitsa nthaka ndipo, monga asayansi, amalimbikitsa kufalikira kwa mavitamini kuchokera pachomera.
Chimodzi mwazinthu za gawo lapansi ndikutha kusunga chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, m'malo oterewa, zinthu zachilengedwe zimayamba kuvunda. Kuti achepetse kuoneka ngati bowa ndi zowola, azimayi apakhomo amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yomwe idachokera pakuphulika kwa mapiri.
Kusankha kwachuma
Nthawi yomweyo, ambiri amayeserera kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe awa: dothi la m'munda, humus (ng'ombe kapena tsamba), komanso mchenga. Gawo loyamba lidzafunika magawo awiri, ndipo linalo nthawi imodzi. Asanabzale, kusakaniza kwa dziko lapansi kumaphwanyidwa ndi madzi otentha kapena kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kenako ndikusiyira theka la ola mu uvuni pa 100 ° C.
Pazinthu zopindulitsa kwambiri, dziko lapansi kale lidatsitsidwa. Finyani papepala lophika. Makulidwe osanjikiza amakhala mpaka masentimita 5. Kenako ikani mbale mu chovala chophika ndikutumiza ku uvuni. Imeneyi ndi njira yothandiza kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chinthu chachikulu ndikubzala ndikusamalira sipinachi pawindo.
Zakhala zikunenedwa pamwambapa kuti chikhalidwe chitha kubzalidwa nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuganizira za nyengo za aliyense wa iwo. M'masiku otentha a chilimwe, mbewuyo imayenera kuzunguliridwa, ndipo nthawi yayitali yozizira - kuti iunikire ndi nyali zapadera (maola masana ayenera kukhala maola 8-12).
Mutasankha nthawi yobzala, mutha kupita ku bizinesi. Mwambowu umaphatikizapo njira 6 zosavuta:
- Pamwamba pa gawo lapansi pamasulidwa ndikuthira madzi ochuluka.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito pensulo, ma grooves kapena mabowo amapangidwa. Kuya kophatikizika ndi 1.5-2 cm.
- Ikani mbewu, kukonkha pang'ono ndi dothi.
- Anawaza ndi madzi ofunda.
- Phimbani ndi zokutira zamagalasi kapena pulasitiki.
- Pambuyo pa masiku 5-6, amachotsa udzu wobiriwira, koma uzichita pang'onopang'ono kuti zikumera zitheke.
Zomera zitha kulolera kuchepa kutentha: 8-10 ° C. Chifukwa chake, malo abwino kwambiri a mbande amasankhidwa ndi ma loggias okongola, pomwe chinyezi chinyontho chimasungidwa nthawi zonse. Ichi ndiye chinsinsi cha momwe mungakulire sipinachi pa khonde.
Olima maluwa aluso amaphunzitsanso zomanga nyumba zazitali zazitali pamalo okhala. Zotsatira zake, malo achinyezi amasungidwa pansi pa mzikiti.
Mbande imalowa pansi masamba awiri atakwana. Akakulirakulira ndikuzika m'nthaka yatsopano, mphukira zake zimapatsidwa feteleza wamafuta. Mwanjira ina, ammonia (25%), Fitosporin kapena hydrogen peroxide (3%) amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yofooka kwambiri yakonzedwa - madontho 20 amadzipereka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Olamulira awiriwo - Kusamalira ndi Kututa
M'madera ambiri, nyengo yamvula imakhala yovuta kwambiri, kotero malo odalirika amasankhidwa kuti mbande - windowsill. Koma nthawi yakutentha kumakhala kotentha kwambiri pamenepo ndipo chinyezi chimatuluka mofulumira. Chifukwa chake, mbuye adzamuwuza kuti awononge kawiri pa tsiku.
Mwa zina, pali malamulo angapo a momwe mungakulire sipinachi kunyumba. Kukweza kutentha kwa chipinda kwa 18-20 ° C - nyengo yabwino pakupanga kwamimba yamaluwa. Maonekedwe a mivi ndi masamba zimasokoneza kwambiri masamba.
Popanda kukhala chinyezi kwambiri, amadyera amayamba kuzimiririka ndikuthothoka. Zimatheka chifukwa cha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Zoyambirira zimakololedwa patatha masiku 30 zikamera. Ndi nthawi imeneyi, masamba mpaka 5 mpaka 6 aliwonse amakhala ndi nthawi yoti apange pepala. Poterepa, chitsamba chimafikira mpaka 10 cm. Chomera chikatulutsa muvi, chimachotsedwa kwathunthu, ndipo mbewu zina zimafesedwa m'nthaka.
Monga mukuwonera, kukulitsa sipinema pawindo la nyumba sikovuta konse. Mukungofunika kusankha mitundu, poto ndi kubzala gawo lapansi. Mutabzala, mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa mowolowa manja ndi kuwaza. Zotsatira zake, m'mwezi umodzi ndizotheka kudula masamba atsopano a masamba amchere.
