Avocado ndi mtundu wa mitengo ya zipatso yotentha yomwe imakonda kwambiri anthu okonda zachilendo. Ambiri aiwo ali ndi chomera mu zosunga zawo, popeza kukulitsa makeke ndi manja anu ndikosavuta. Koma kuti iye akule ndi kusangalatsa mwini wake, chisamaliro chofunikira ndichofunikira.
Mawonekedwe a Mtengo Wotchedwa Avocado
Mtengo wa Avocado wobzalidwa kunyumba uli ndi zinthu zingapo:
- Mu malo achilengedwe, mmera umakula mpaka 20 metres, ndipo mtengo womwe umakula kunyumba umafika pamtunda wamtunda wa 2.5-3.
- Kuwala kwa mtengowu kumachitika kawirikawiri. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chokongoletsera.
- Ngati muli ndi mwayi, kuphukira kwa mtengowo kumayamba pa zaka 3-6 zakukula. Zipatso zake ndizabwino kudya, ngakhale makomedwewo ndi otsika pang'ono kwa omwe amabweretsedwa.
- Chomera chimayeretsa mpweya, ndipo chifukwa cha korona woyambirira komanso wokongola, chipindacho chimayang'aniridwa ndi malo otentha komanso abwino.
Zinthu Zikukula ku Avocado
Kuti mukulitse mapeyala ku mbewu kunyumba, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena. Ndikwabwino kuchita kubzala mafupa mchaka, ndi munthawi imeneyi kuti kukula kwachomera kumawonedwa. Pokolola zinthu zofunikira kubzala, ndikofunikira kusankha zipatso zakupsa zomwe zilibe vuto.
Zizindikiro za chinthu chokhwima ndi khungu la chipatso cha mtundu wakuda, wandiweyani komanso wotanuka, mutatha kukanikiza chipatsocho ndikubwezeretsa mawonekedwe ake, fupa limasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi mnofu, fupa labwino limakhala ndi kukula kwa dzira la zinziri.
Ngati mankhwalawo sanakhwime pang'ono, muyenera kuyiyika m'thumba ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu la ethylene - awa ndi mpweya womwe umathandizira kucha. Izi zimaphatikizapo nthochi, maapulo kapena tomato. Mukamayikira mwana wosabadwayo kutentha kwa madigiri 18 mpaka 23, patatha masiku awiri, mapeyala afika pakofunikira.
Masamba Omwe Amakulitsa Avocado
Kubzala avocados kunyumba kuchokera ku mbewu kumachitika m'njira izi.
Mbewu yokolola imapezanso. Kuti muchite izi, kupendekera kwapang'onopang'ono kumapangidwa pakatikati pa mwana wosabadwayo, 1cm mwakuya komanso mwaudongo, ndikusuntha, fupa lake limadulidwa. Kupitilira apo, imatsukidwa pansi pamadzi popanda kuwononga chipolopolo.
Musanavule mapeyala, malo amakonzekera kukula kwake:
- Dongosolo lamadzimadzi limayikidwa mumphika, momwe miyala wamba kapena dongo lokulitsa ndiloyenera.
- Kusakaniza kopatsa thanzi kumakonzedwa, komwe kumakhala magawo ofanana a humus, nthaka yamunda ndi mchenga. Popeza ma avocados amathanso kubzala m'nthaka mwachindunji, kuti nyemba zake zikhale bwino, ziyenera kukhala chofananira.
- Osakaniza okonzedwayo amathiridwa mumphika, ndikusiya malo aulere pang'ono, 1-2 masentimita kuchokera pamphepete.
Kumera kwa mbewu kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.
Momwe mungatulutsire mbewu ya avocado
Njira yotsekedwa, imapereka kumera kwa kubzala zinthu mwachindunji mu nthaka. Kuti muchite izi, fupa limayikiridwa pansi ndikuzama 25mm, ndikutha lakuthwa pamwamba ndikuthiriridwa bwino, ndikuyika nthaka yonse. Chotetezachi chimayikidwa pamalo otentha, ndikuyatsa bwino ndikuthilira nthawi yonse yamera. Pakatha masiku 20-30, mphukira zimatuluka.
Njira yotseguka yokwanira ya avocados ndikuyika mafupa mumtsuko wamadzi, mu limbo. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:
- konzani kapu kapena chida china;
- mkati mwa mbeuyo, kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana, pangani maenje 3-4 omwe malowo amawayikiramo, 2-3 mm mwakuya (amagwira ntchito ngati chothandizira kuti mbewu ikhoza kumira m'madzi, koma gawo lakachepera);
- Mbewuyi imayikidwa mu chidebe chokonzedwa ndi madzi ozizira, kumapeto kowoneka bwino, ndi kumiza kwa zinthu zobzala kuyenera kukhala 1/3 mbali yake;
- m'malo mwa madzi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito hydrogel, yomwe imatha kusunga chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali;
- nthawi yonse yamera, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti madzi samachepa;
- Muzu woyamba ukawonekera, mbewuyo ikhoza kuikidwa pansi, koma kuti chomera chizika mizu, mizu yake ikhale yopanda 30 mm.
Maonekedwe a mizu yoyamba imafunikira 2 mpaka 6 milungu.
Mbewu ya Avocado imakhala ndi zinthu monga Persin, yomwe imasokoneza chimbudzi ndipo imayambitsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ntchito ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ichitidwe mu magolovesi a mphira.
Zoyala za mtengo wa avocado
Mutabzala mbeu ya avocado kunyumba, ndikofunikira kuchita zingapo pokonzekera malo ake.
Pa kukula kwabwino kwa avocados, muyenera kutsatira zina:
- Kuswedwa pafupipafupi kwa dothi, komwe kumachitika momwe kumera. Nthawi zambiri, kuthirira kumachitika kamodzi masiku 10. M'nyengo yozizira, mtengowo umathiriridwa madzi kambiri, kulola kuti nthaka ikhale youma kwa masiku angapo, izi ndizofunikira kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi.
- Kusunga mpweya wonyowa kumatheka mosiyanasiyana - uku ndikukhazikitsa poto ndi mtengo pafupi ndi mbewu zomwe zimatulutsa chinyezi chambiri, kupopera masamba a mbewu munyengo yachilimwe kapena kuwotcha, poto imayikidwa pallet ndi mchenga wonyowa.
- Kupereka malowa ndi boma labwino kutentha, lomwe liyenera kukhala m'malo 16-16 madigiri. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwabwino ndi madigiri 10-12, popeza mbewuyo imagwa matalala ndipo masamba ake amataya.
- Zomera zadyera panthawi yake. Pafupifupi, amachitidwa 1-2 pamwezi. Pakudyetsa, zosakaniza pakubzala mbewu zokongoletsera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mukamasenda masamba, muyenera kulabadira pafupipafupi komanso kuthirira. Ichi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chizindikiro cha kuthirira kwambiri.
Kukongoletsa Mtengo wa Avocado
Musanakulitse avocados kuchokera ku mwala kunyumba, muyenera kuganizira zabwino zonse za kapangidwe kake kokongoletsa:
- Zina mwazomwe zimaphatikizapo kubzala mphukira zingapo mumphika, ndikuphatikizika kwazomwe zimayambira, ndikupeza mtengo wobiriwira komanso woyambayo.
- Kuti mupeze mtengo wamtali, tikulimbikitsidwa kuuchotsa ngakhale kamodzi pachaka. Nthawi yabwino pa njirayi ndi kumapeto kwa February, ino ndi nthawi yomwe mbewu zimayamba kukula mwachangu. Kuika koyamba kuyenera kuchitika mutatha kutalika kwa 15 cm.
- Kuchepetsa kukula kwa avocado, kutsina pamwamba kumachitika. Njirayi imathandizira kukula kwa kufalikira kwa ofananira nawo, zomwe zimapangitsa korona kukhala wobala komanso wokongola.
Kudulira kumachitika mchaka, pomwe mbewu zonse zimakula mwachangu. Kudula koyamba kwa nsonga kumapangidwa pambuyo masamba 8-10, pamaso pa mphukira ofananira nawo, kufupikitsa kumachitika pambuyo pa ma shiti 5.
Werengani za: zabwino za mapeyala anthu!
