Popanda kuteteza, tizirombo ndi matenda a mitengo yazipatso atha kuwononga mbewu posachedwa. Tizilombo ndi matenda ndi owopsa kwambiri akabzyala m'malo owuma kapena, m'malo mwake, mvula inanso. Kuti tikule mbewu yabwino popanda kutayika, kukonza mitengo ya zipatso ndi mabulosi ochokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda kuyenera kuthandizidwa patsogolo.
Matenda ndi tizirombo timavulaza kwambiri minda yomwe chitetezo chake chimachitika kangapo. Kuteteza dimba mwaluso ndi kuphatikiza kwaukhondo, kwachilengedwe ndi njira zopangira mankhwala. Ndikofunika kuti zodzitchinjiriza zimachitika nthawi yomweyo ndi onse omwe amatulutsa maluwa. Kupanda kutero, tiziromboti timakhala m'malo okhala bwino, osasamala zoyeserera za wamaluwa, munthawi yake otetezera. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoteteza dimba mu ulimi wamalonda ndizovuta chifukwa chamtundu uliwonse wamitundu yambiri.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokozera zomwe zikuluzikulu zomwe zidawopseza m'mundamu ndi chidziwitso chakuthothira mitengo yazipatso ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya zipatso ndi mabulosi kutchinga tizirombo ndi nkhupakupa ndi maudzu.
Mafunso Tsamba lotumphuka lomwe limavulaza ma blackcurrants ndi laling'ono. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikakhudzidwa, masamba a mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba zimasanduka zakuda, zowuma pakati pa chilimwe, kukula kumayamba, ndipo masamba ndi mphukira zomwe zikungokulira zimakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew. Mutha kusintha zitsamba zamapulogalamu pogwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwanyumba Fitoverm, Bitoksibacillin.
Spider mite zimavulala nthawi yotentha. Zowonongeka zimawonekera pamasamba, omwe amasandulika chikasu, kenako amasandulika bulauni, atakutidwa ndi cibobs ndikuwuma.
Kuthandizira mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba zokhala ndi imvi colloidal (50-100 g) ndikulimbikitsidwa ngati njira yolimbana ndi tizirombo.
Strawberry Mite Transparent amakhala pamatumbu a mabulosi. Zowonongeka wamba: tsamba lotundidwa, masamba achikasu amafuta pamasamba, chitsamba chosaphimbidwa, zipatso zosabala bwino, zopanda zipatso. M'nyengo yozizira, tchire loterolo limazizira. Ambiri wamaluwa amalola molakwika kuwonongeka kwa mite ngati nematode.
Mwa njira ziwiri zochizira limodzi mwa mankhwalawa kapena osakaniza, tchire zimatha kuchotsedwa nkhupakupa ndi tizirombo tina.
Zofunda. Ngati bud yawonongeka ndipo bud ikulendewera pa sitiroberi kapena rasipiberi, mzerewo udasweka, kuyang'anitsitsa ndipo mupeza mphutsi za rasipiberi-sitiroberi sitiroko. Mwezi umodzi, kafadala kamatuluka mphutsi: zimawononga masamba a zipatso zamtchire, ndikudya mawindo. Pakatha masiku 20, kafadala amachoka kukagonera nyengo yachisanu, ndipo kasupe amatha kuwononga mbewu zonse zoyambirira, chifukwa zimadzaza masamba akuluakulu.
Strawberry weevil Amakula m'mibadwo iwiri: imatafuna mabowo m'masamba a sitiroberi, ndikakhazikika, mbewu zimatha kufa.
Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa masamba a sitiroberi kapena rasipiberi, mutha kupezanso tizilombo. Iye, akudya zamkati kuchokera kunsi, amawaza masamba. Ichi ndi kachilomboka masamba amtundu womwe umabadwa m'badwo umodzi.
Musanafike kumaluwa yoluka ndi weevil, utsi ndi kukonzekera kotsatira: Actelikom - 15 ml, Fufan - 10 ml kapena Spark - 10 g.
Kenako muphunzira momwe mungasinthire mitengo yazipatso kuchokera ku tizirombo ta ma sawflies ndi masamba a masamba.
Kuwaza mitengo yazipatso ku tizirombo ta ma sawflies ndi masamba a masamba
Mtundu wa Apple. M'pofunika kutchera khutu ku mitengo ya zipatso. Patadutsa masiku atatu chipatsochi chitatulutsa maluwa, kudula kwamiyala pafupi ndi manda kumatha kudziwa malo omwe amayikira mazira. Kwa masiku pafupifupi 20, mphutsizo "ziziyenda" kuchokera pachimake kupita kumimba, kenako ndikudutsa zipatso zina, ndikupanga gawo lobisika, lomwe lidzachiritse lamba, ndikumenya chipatso chachitatu, chomwe chafika kukula.
Onani momwe mitengo yazipatso izi zikuwonekera pachithunzichi:
Alimi ambiri amalakwitsa molakwika kuvomereza zipatso zoyipa kwa iwo omwe awonongeka ndi njenjete ya apulo. Mphutsi za sawona zimawononga zipatso za 3-5, zimadya kwathunthu m'chipinda chambewu chamtsogolo, ndipo njenjete ya apulo ndi gawo chabe la mbewu, ndipo uwu ndi kusiyana kwawo.
Pambuyo pa masabata atatu odyetsa kwambiri, mphutsi zamtengatenga zamaluwa zimatsika kuti zizikoloweka m'nthaka (3-10 cm) pafupi ndi mtengo ndipo zimadikirira apa nthawi yamasika. Koma, titamudikirira, siwotchi zonse zomwe zimamasulidwa, 10-13% ya pupae imakhalabe ikupumira mpaka kasupe wotsatira. Uwu ndi mtundu wosungira kupulumuka zaka zikubwerazi. Ndikofunika kumasula dothi pafupipafupi mozungulira, ndikuyankhira kumtunda, komwe kumayambitsa kufa kwa tizilombo.
Kuwaza mitengo yazipatso kuchokera ku tizirombo ta ma saw, gwiritsani ntchito njira izi: Arrivo, Creocide Pro, Inta-Vir, Actellik, Aktara, Fufanon, Novaktion; ndi Vermitex.
Leafworm. M'mwezi wa Meyi, kuwaswa ndi mapepala zikuchitika kwambiri: duwa, msondodzi, phokoso, manyazi, bbw hawthorn, zipatso zosinthika (uku ndikukutulutsa maluwa a cobweb). Ndipo kumapeto kwa mweziwo, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya 6-7 ya tizirombo tomwechi tidzaonjezedwa, kuphatikiza pepalalo laling'ono, lomwe, mosiyana ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa, kuwononga zimayambira, nthambi za mafupa a mbewu zonse za zipatso, zimayenda pansi pa makungwa, ndikuwononga mitengo. Ndiye chifukwa chake pochita zodzitchinjiriza nthawi yomweyo pokonza korona wa mitengo, ndikofunikira kupopera ma bles.
Kuti muthane ndi mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba kuchokera ku tizirombozi, utsi ndi zotsatirazi: Aktelikom - 15 ml, Fufan - 10 ml kapena Spark - 10 g;
Momwe mungasinthire mitengo yazipatso kuti mutetezere tizirombo touluka ndi mahatchi
Mu Julayi, nthawi yakucha maapulo a chilimwe, ma apricots, mapichesi, plums, mphesa, zipatso nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka ndi tizirombo ta mitengo yazipatso monga mavu ndi ma hornets. Mkhalidwe wowonongeka ndi bowo laling'ono, loyera lokonzedwa ndi mbali zonse, ngati kuti mutatembenuka, konsekonse. Kwakanthawi kochepa, kamaunjikana, ndipo zipatso zimagwera pansi. Ndipo zipatso za mphesa mumulu wa zamkati ndi msuzi zatsala pang'ono kupera, peel imodzi. Izi makamaka ntchito ya mavu.
Ma Hornets, kuwonjezera, imayambitsa mavuto kwa mitengo yaying'ono, ndikudula makungwa kuchokera ku nthambi, ma boles panthawi yopanga zisa.
Tizilombo ta mtunduwu timakhala m'mabanja akuluakulu, zisa zazikulu, pansi pamadenga a nyumba, m'maenje a mitengo yakale, mapaipi, mpanda wa trellis ndikuthandizira.
Njira zoyendetsera izi:
- muzindikira chisa, pangani nyale ndikuwotcha (mosamala);
- thirani chisa ndi karbofos kapena Fury (Taran);
- kuthira madzi otentha kapena madzi a sopo mu chisa;
- Chida chabwino pakupopera mitengo yazipatso kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi kulowetsedwa kwa kapisozi ofiira (musaiwale za mankhwalawa inunso, sambani zipatso musanadye);
- ikani mapepala azikanda pa mphesa (masiku atatu asanafike pokonzekera);
- gwira ndi nyambo zonunkhira zopatsa zipatso: maapulo, mapeyala, mphesa ndi kuwonjezera kwa uchi chifukwa cha fungo. Thirani nyambo mumabotolo atali ndi khosi lopapatiza kapena mabotolo apulasitiki, pachikuto chake chomwe mumadula. Pachifukwa ichi, nyambo yapadera "Kuchokera ma mavu" imalimbikitsa.
Gawo lotsatira la nkhaniyi lidayesedwa m'manja mwa tizilombo tina ta mitengo yazipatso.
Momwe mungapopera mitengo yazipatso kuchokera kwa tizirombo tina: mankhwala othandiza
Mkuwa ndi golide. Zimawononga kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa, kudya zipatsozo ndi ma pistulo m'maluwa a mitengo ya pome, ndipo zimatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mphesa nthawi yamaluwa (zimatha kudya konse kuzungulira inflorescence).
Mapaipi. Izi tizirombo mitengo yazipatso kudziluma masamba ndi zomwe zilimo, zimasenda, kupinda masamba mu ndudu.
Apple codling moths ndi californian wadogo tizilombo. Pakutha kwa maluwa, njenjete ya apulo imalengezedwa, kenako tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta ku californian (masiku makumi atatu ndi atatu ndi atatu zitayamba maluwa). M'mwezi wa June, kuti titeteze mitengo yazipatso ku tiziromboti tifunika chithandizo ku "vagrant", komanso kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti.
Masamba a peyala Imayamba ntchito zake zoyipa kwambiri, nthawi zina zimapatsa mibadwo itatu, kusiya kutentha kwa + 2-3 ° C! Tizilombo timeneti timangowononga tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, timayambitsa masamba msanga m'chilimwe, komanso chonyamula matenda a viral ndi mycoplasma. Mutha kudziteteza kuti musapupulume. Pofuna kuthira mitengo yazipatso mwa tiziromboti, kukonzekera kwa Taran kapena Kinmix (mankhwala ophera tizirombo) kumawonjezeranso ndi 30 g ya sopo yamadzimadzi ndi 100 g yamafuta masamba kapena mafuta a dizilo pothana ndi mavuto.
Mapa a Plum (eurytoma). Mwa tizirombo ta zipatso zamiyala, kuphatikiza atsekwe odziwika bwino, ma weevils, sawflies, plum thistle (eurytoma) amayenera kusamalidwa mwapadera. Tizilombo timayikira mazira nthawi ya maluwa ndi ma plamu ambiri ndipo timayikanso masiku ena 10-12 mumaluwa obiriwira. The centipede ndi omnivorous, zowononga maula, chitumbuwa maula, minga, yamatcheri, yamatcheri, apricots. Mphutsi yolumikizana imaluma fupa ndi kudya zomwe zili m'mimba mwake.
Zipatsozo zimayamba kutha pofika mwezi wa Julayi, ndipo mphutsi zimakhalabe mkati mwa mbewu mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa, kenako zikadzaboweka mabowo mufupa, ndipo chilichonse chidzayambanso. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono titha kugwera m'mimba (ngati kulibe maluwa a plum) kwa chaka china. Uku ndiye kupulumuka kwa mitundu.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya zipatso iyi, chithandizo chikuyenera kuchitika mukangomaliza kuthana ndi 75% ya pamatumbo komanso mukatha masiku 10-12. Chithandizo chotsimikizidwa: Kinmix, Karbofos (Fufanon), ndi ena.
Kuteteza mitengo yazipatso ku matenda
Maonekedwe a bulauni. Matenda awa a mitengo yazipatso ali ponseponse, ali ndi mafunde awiri a chitukuko - koyambirira kwa masika ndi yophukira. M'chilimwe, chilala, matendawa amazirala, koma osazimiririka. Malo owoneka ofiira otizungulira, amaoneka mawonekedwe, masamba akuda amapezeka pamwamba pa masamba pamwamba, mapilo - matupi a zipatso a bowa ndiwo magwero obzala mbewu. Bowa nthawi yamasamba.
Ramulariosis, kapena yoyera. Zimakhudza mpaka 50% ya tsamba. Malo owoneka bwino ang'onoang'ono amawonekera pamasamba a mitengo yazipatso yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi matendawa, pakati pake pali imvi, imakhala ndi mkombero wowonekera kwambiri, pakati pake malowo amatuluka, tsamba limawoneka losalala. Mu nyengo yonyowa, kuwala kwamasamba kumayamba kukhala kwamkaka. Masamba pamasamba, ndimayambitsa matenda. Mutha kutaya mpaka 15% ya mbewu.
Brown, kapena angular, mawanga. Zowopsa kwambiri kum'mwera zigawo, zimakhudza masamba 60%, ndikupangitsa unyinji wawo kufa.
Monga tikuonera pachithunzichi, tili ndi matendawa, masamba owoneka a bulauni pamasamba a mitengo yazipatso, kenako amdima ndi mawonekedwe amtambo:
Masamba amakula ndikukula pachidutswa chonse. Mawonekedwe ake ndi mawanga, amapezeka pakati pa tsamba. Kuwona kwamaso nthawi zambiri kumawononga masamba akale, ndipo matendawa amapita patsogolo.
Matenda a bulauni komanso malo a bulauni amachepetsa mbewu, chifukwa zimangokhala panthawi yomwe kuyikika kwa masamba ndikuchitika, komwe kumachepetsa kwambiri zokolola za h. Zomera zaumwini zimafuna, koma matenda ena a fungus, monga fusarium, verticeliasis, vuto lakachedwa, amathanso kukhala chifukwa chosokonekera.
Kuti muteteze mitengo yazipatso ku matenda, samalani kwambiri ndi ukadaulo waulimi:
- malo oyika masankho sankhani kotseguka, kapena podutsa, dzuwa;
- otsogola abwino kwambiri; anyezi, adyo, saladi, zitsamba zonunkhira, beets;
- sangathe kuyikidwa pambuyo solanaceous, phwetekere, tsabola, biringanya, mbatata, asters, maluwa, gladioli, chrysanthemums;
- musadzaze mabzala, chotsani namsongole;
- samalira zaka zopitilira 3;
- kugula zinthu zobzala m'mabungwe ofufuza kapena malo okulera;
- Mitundu yobzala yokhazikika m'derali;
- kasupe woyamba, yeretsani nkhokwe kuchokera masamba akale;
- nthawi yakula, chotsani mmbali zonse, kupatula okhawo omwe amasungirako chizindikiro chatsopano;
- Sankhani zipatso zowonongeka ndi imvi zowola, vuto lakachedwa;
- munthawi ya "budding" amatha kuthandizidwa ndi immunocytophyte;
- Musanakhwime zipatsozo, mulch timipata ndi udzu wouma, utuchi kapena udzu;
- Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa nkhupakupa ndi matenda, ndikotheka kupangira kuchotsedwa kwa masamba, pokhapokha ngati kudulira kuchitika mutangotola zipatso zomaliza. Siyani kudula masamba pamwamba pamtima (1-2 cm). Kuchepetsa ngozi ndi kowopsa, mmera umafooka, osalekerera kuzizira. Nthawi yomweyo madzi ndi feteleza wathunthu zovuta feteleza.
Poyerekeza zovuta ndi matenda a mitengo yaminda, onani makalendala antchito pamwezi ndikutsatira malangizowo:
- kuyambira nyerere ndi chimbalangondo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakula, onjezerani Thunder - 30 g / 10 m2 m'nthaka;
- kuchokera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yowola imvi pa masamba opanga zipatso mutangosungunuka ndi matalala komanso kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula, ndikofunikira kuchititsa kupopera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi 3% a Bordeaux. Ngati mwachedwa, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la 1% ya sulfate yamkuwa kapena emulsion yamkuwa (200 g ya sopo ndi 20 g ya sulfate mu 10 l yamadzi);
- Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito Novosil biostimulator.
Chithandizo cha mitengo ya m'munda chifukwa cha matenda owopsa
Milky yopanda matenda. Pofika pakati pa chilimwe chotentha, kuwala kwamkaka kumawonekera pa maula, apurikoti, apulo ndi mitengo ina yazipatso. Masamba amakhala silvery, brittle, brittle, koma osasintha mawonekedwe awo, amagwera kugwa pamaso pa ena. Matenda a mitengo ya zipatso amapezeka chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa mitengo, nthaka komanso chilala chamlengalenga. Pothana ndi matendawa, mutha kuthirira mitengo yazipatso ndi feteleza wosavuta wokhala ndi zinthu zina.
Matenda opatsirana opatsirana. Zimayambitsidwa ndi bowa womwe umakhala pamitengo m'malo owonongeka ndi mabowo ozizira ndi kuwotcha kwa dzuwa. Ndipo kale kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a chlorosis owoneka zimawonekera: masamba ndi ochepa, kuwira, mawanga a bulauni kumawonekera. Mawonekedwe omwewo amawonekera pa nkhuni, mu gawo lozungulira iwo - mtundu wowala. Pakutha kwa nyengo yomera, zophukira zazikulu za bowa zimawonekera pakhungwa. Pamwamba pa bwaloli pali zoyera-imvi, pansi ndi pofiirira, kenako bulauni. Kulimbana ndi matendawa mitengo yazipatso kulibe ntchito - ngati zizindikiro zotere zapezeka, mbewuyo imayenera kuchotsedwa. Ngati nthambi ili yaying'ono, iyenera kudulanso ndi kugwidwa kwa matabwa athanzi 20-30 cm ndikuwotchedwa. Tetezani mankhwala m'chigawo ndi 1% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate (10 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre), kuphimba ndi var.
Chakumapeto kwa nyengo yophukira, mitengo yoyera yokhala ndi nthambi za chigoba yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yowonetsera kapena kuphimba mafupa ndi zitsulo za nthambi zamchifuwa zokhala ndi dongo losakaniza ndi manyowa atsopano a ng'ombe (1: 1). Ngati chovalacho chimachapidwa ndi mpweya m'nyengo yozizira, yeretsaninso pansi pa thaw kuti mupewe chisanu ndi dzuwa.
Matenda a mitengo yazipatso Vitreous, powdery mildew ndi imvi zowola
Glassy. Pa mtengo wa maapulo palinso matenda osapatsirana ngati amenewa. Choyambitsa matendawa ndi matenda osokoneza bongo. Maso amayamba kumera pakakhala madzi ochulukirapo musanatole chipatso (mwachitsanzo, kunali kovumba kapena "kuthira" ndi kuthirira) kapena kuthilira, kuyamwa kwambiri kwa mwana wosabadwayo, momwe ma carbo omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa amatha kuoneka atasungidwa m'malo oyaka kwambiri.Kuwala kumawonekera mumaapulo motere: Madera akuluakulu opsinjika amawoneka pamwamba pa khungu la zipatso zomwe zakhudzidwa, chipatsocho chimakhala cholimba, cholemetsa, ndikuthothomeka. Tizilombo toyendetsera timene timakhudzidwa timasandulika bulauni, kenako kuvunda.
Ndikumaliza kwa maluwa mitengo yazipatso, kukhazikika kwa "pansi" zonse korona wokhala ndi tizirombo ndi matenda kumatha. Ambiri wamaluwa analibe nthawi yoti nyengo iteteze zipatso zobiriwira pa "cone wobiriwira", kukwezedwa kwa inflorescence ndi "bud rose". Mwayi womaliza womwe chilengedwe chimatipatsa ndikuyesa kuti dimba likhale loyera komanso lathanzi m'nthawi yochepa maluwa.
Powdery Mildew Matenda amtunduwu amadziwonetsera yekha m'munda pena paliponse, kutengera kukhazikika kwa masamba pamtunda wakunja, ndikupanga kuyanika koyera koyera. Kenako masambawo amasiya kukula, kupendekera "bwato" ndikuuma. Mu chilimwe chonyowa komanso chotentha, chimawonetsedwa mwamphamvu pakati pakatikati. Ndipo kuchokera ku zipatsozo mumatuluka fungo la bowa. Bowa amabisala pazinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa. Kupatsirana kumayambira masamba achichepere, amakula kwambiri pamaluwa ndi zipatso, komanso theka lachiwiri la chilimwe.
Matenda a apulosi omwe ali ndi ufa wa mtunduwu amapezeka mu "green cone" phenophase, kenako matenda opatsirana amayamba. Nthawi yomwe makulitsidwe amatenga kachilomboka kuyambira masiku 4 mpaka 10. Mukatentha kwambiri, matendawo amayima. Kuti muteteze mundawo ku ufa wa ufa, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito Topaz. Salufa wa Colloidal - kokha pamitundu yomwe siyikupereka matsi achotsekeka (kutali ndi gooseberries).
Gray zowola. M'nyengo yotentha, mutathirira kwambiri koyambirira kapena mukakolola, kumera kowola kumavulaza. M'malo otere, wamaluwa amatulutsa zidebe ndipo nthawi yomweyo amataya zipatso zokutira ndi imvi zowola, zomwe siziyenera kuloledwa Mulimonsemo: ndibwino kukumba pansi kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'mitundu yambiri (Korea, Golden Delicious, Goldspur, ndi zina), mauna achotupa amatha kuwoneka kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito madzi a Bordeaux ndi m'malo mwake.
Kulimbana ndi matenda amtengo m'mundamo ndi zowola zipatso
Kuwotchedwa kwamandondo kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zipatso za pome ndi mwala, pambuyo pake zimawonekera ngati mawonekedwe owola zipatso.
Zipatso za kucha koyambirira, chifukwa cha zochita zawo zamomwe amisili, ngakhale pansi pazakukakamizidwa kuziziritsa, sizingokhala miyezi 1-1.5. Zipatso za kucha kwa chilimwe zimakhazikika msanga, kutupira ndipo zimakhala zosayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma ngakhale zomwe zimayikidwa posungira kwakanthawi pang'ono zimatha kuvunda. Pali zifukwa zambiri izi: izi ndi kutentha ndi momwe madzi alili, kusowa kwa njira zodzitetezera ndikuphwanya ukadaulo waulimi.
Kuboola kapena zipatso zowola, ndimatenda ofala kwambiri omwe amawononga kwambiri minda. Kuola zipatso kungakhudze zipatso za nyengo yachangu yozizira, ndipo nthawi yamasamba, zipatso zambiri zamiyala.
Zizindikiro zakunja za matendawa zimawonekera pakatikati pa kukula, zipatsozo zikathiridwa mu mawonekedwe a mawanga a bulauni, omwe amakula mwachangu ndikuphimba padziko lonse lapansi.
Pokhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu komanso kutentha kwakukulu pamalo owonongeka a padera la fetus chikwatu phulusa limapangidwa, bowa kapena spores amakonzedwa m'magulu ozungulira. Kuchulukana kwa bowa pa zipatso zomwe zakhudzidwako kulibe kutentha pang'ono kapena, kapena kutentha kochepa. Zikatero, zipatsozo zimayamba kukhala ndi mtundu wakuda ndi mthunzi wonyezimira, kenako ndikumata. Zipatso zowonongeka nthawi zambiri zimangotsamira pamtengo. Mwana wosabadwa akakumana ndi nthambi, fungusoyi imatha kuipatsira. Pakadali pano, mawanga amdima, amtundu wakhungu amayamba kupanga matabwa a nthambi kapena amawoneka ngati mphete, ndipo gawo lake lam'mwamba limatuluka.
Matendawa - oyambitsidwa ndi bowa Monilinia frucigena, amatchedwa moniliosis. Mycelium ya fungal imabisala panthambi zomwe zimakhudzidwa, mphukira, ndi zipatso zosemphana. Kukula kwamphamvu kwa matendawa kumawonedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri (24-27 ° C) ndi chinyezi kwambiri, motsatana ndi mvula. Kuchulukana kwa matendawa kumatengera zinthu zambiri: pakachulukidwe, khungu la mwana wosabadwayo, mphamvu zakepi (acidity, zinthu zouma)
Njira zowongolera makamaka ndi zaulimi ndi mankhwala. Mundawo uzikhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, osakhuthala, pansi pokumba komanso nthawi yakula ndikofunikira kupereka feteleza wokhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, zowonjezera za kufufuza zinthu. Pakakhala mvula yayitali kwanthawi yayitali kapena kuthirira pang'ono m'mundamo, ndikofunikira kutunga kapena kumasula dothi ndi wodula ndege wa Fokin kuti mpweya wabwino uzitha komanso kuchotsa chinyezi chambiri posachedwa.
Mwa njira zamankhwala zochizira matendawa mitengo ya zipatso, ndikofunikira kupopera mankhwala a prophylactic, kuyambira ndi zonunkhira zobiriwira zokonzekera zamkuwa, kenaka ndikukonzekera kwadongosolo Skor ndi Strobi, ndikuyang'anira nthawi yodikirira.
Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa mwa kupopera mbewu musanayambe maluwa ndi pambuyo pake ndi Novosil (3 ml pa 10 l yamadzi).
Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito calcium nitrate ngati mawonekedwe owonjezera pamizu (50 g pa 10 l) monga njira yowonjezera pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zamankhwala mukamapopera kuchokera ku 2-3 mpaka kasanu nthawi yakukula kumakulitsa kukana kwa chipatso kuwonongeka ndi moniliosis ndikuthandizira kukonza zipatso.
Osalakwitsa:
- Bzalani mitengo m'mundamo pogwiritsa ntchito zolembedwa.
- Osachulukana.
- Nthawi yakucha kwa chilimwe isakhale yopitilira mitengo ya maapulo 1-2, etc.
- Mitengo yoyenera kudulira moyenera komanso pa nthawi yake.
- Kuthirira kamodzi pamwezi ndi manyowa, kumathandizira kuti zipatso zikhale nthawi yayitali.
- Osapitilira zipatso pamitengo.
- Tsatirani dongosolo la mankhwala kupewa ndi fungicides kalendala, kuwaphatikiza mwaluso ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
- Gwiritsani ntchito kuvala kwapamwamba pamakulidwe opukusira ndikukula komanso zopatsa mphamvu za zipatso (Novosil, Rostock, etc.).
Gawo lomaliza la nkhaniyo limaperekedwa pa momwe mungagwiritsire mitengo ya zipatso kuchokera ku matenda a clusterosporiasis ndi coccomycosis.
Momwe mungasinthire mitengo yazipatso pochiza matenda owopsa (okhala ndi chithunzi)
Kumbukirani matenda awiri owopsa kwambiri amfupa: clusterosporiosis (blotchiness) mu plums ndi chitumbuwa (matenda amachitika pa kutentha kwapakati pa 18-22 ° C ndi chinyezi choposa 70%); yamatcheri ndi yamatcheri - coccomycosis. Zimayambitsa chikasu chamasamba masamba kumapeto kwa Meyi - kuyambira mwezi wa June, komanso pafupi ndi Ogasiti - tsamba lomwe linakhazikitsidwa limagwa ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutsika kwa zipatso ndi kufa msanga kwa mtengowo. Pochiza matenda awa a mitengo ya m'munda, zokonzekera zamkuwa zamtunduwu zikulimbikitsidwa (1% Bordeaux madzi, HOM (calcium chloride) kapena Oksikhom, Abiga-Peak).
Ndikofunika kulabadira gawo lina la kuwongolera tizirombo ndi matenda amitengo yamtchire ndi mabulosi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a pyrethroid (decis, etc.) m'minda kunayambitsa kuwoneka kwa nkhupakupa ya herbivorous, kotero onjezani mtundu wa Apollo ndi umodzi mwa fungicides kuchokera ku matenda a fungus kupita ku mankhwala omwe analimbikitsidwa (Skor, Horus). Musaiwale za Novosil. Kumbukirani kuchotsa ndikuwotcha nthambi zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi moto woyaka, ziyenera kudulidwa ndikugwidwa kwa matabwa athanzi (10-30 cm).
Zithunzizi zikuwonetsa momwe mankhwalawa amayendera matenda a mitengo yazipatso:
