Freesia ndi chomera chokongola chomwe chimakongoletsa mabedi a maluwa m'mundamo. Mitundu ina ndioyenera kulimidwa mnyumba, mwachitsanzo, pazenera kapena mitengo yonyezimira. Duwa ili la mtundu wa herbaceous perennials. Oimira mtunduwu ndi am'banja la Irisov. M'mabuku a zamankhwala mumapezeka mayina a mitundu 20 ya zomerazi. Wodziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndi mitundu yosakanizidwa yomwe imapangidwa ndi obereketsa atadutsa maluwa amtundu payekha.
Freesia adayamba kumera madera aku South Africa kudutsa madamu ndi zitsamba. Kumene dzinali limalumikizana ndi dzina la Friedrich Frieze - dokotala wotchuka komanso wofufuza wazomera. Tchire la Freesia limakopa osati maluwa okongola okha, komanso fungo labwino komanso laling'ono lomwe limafanana ndi kakombo wa chigwa. Pachifukwa ichi, maluwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera maluwa, chifukwa amatha kukhalanso ndi nthawi yayitali.
Kufotokozera kwa duwa la freesia
Hybrid freesia imafika kutalika kwa mita ndikuwoneka ngati tchire lalifupi, lomwe zimayambira popanda kanthu, ndipo corm wokutidwa ndi mamba owoneka amdima. Masamba opendekera amakula mpaka 20cm. Masamba amapanga inflorescence yaying'ono. Kusintha kwamitunda yambiri kwa freesia kumatha kupaka utoto wofiirira, wabuluu, oyera kapena wachikasu. M'malo mwa maluwa opendekeka, bokosi lomwe limakhala ndi mbewu limapangidwa.
Fenceia imakwaniritsa bwino maluwa ambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito podyera maluwa komanso makampani onunkhira. Chomera chimakhala chokongoletsedwa ndi mabedi a maluwa, rockeries kapena nyumba zobiriwira m'nyumba. Ma redesi achikasu chofiira amadziwika ndi kukula kwachangu kwambiri pakati pa oimira ena a banja lino. Ndakatulo zokwanira zitha kulembedwa zokhudza kusinthasintha kwa mitundu ndi mitundu ya mithunzi ya freesia. Poyamba idakhala chomera chotsekedwa, koma olima osapuma adaphunzira kulima m'mundamo.
Kukulitsa freesia
Malo obiriwira kapena malo obiriwira amaonedwa kuti ndi malo oyenera kubereka, ndi okhawo omwe amadziwa bwino maluwa omwe amachita izi. M'mikhalidwe yotere, imatha kusangalatsa maluwa chaka chonse. Chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira m'dera lathu, mtengowo suolekerera nyengo yozizira kuti izikhala ndi mpweya wabwino, motero amakumba ma tubers pakugwa. Olimidwa mchipindacho sankhani freesia, maluwa ake amayamba nthawi yozizira. Duwa liyenera kuthiriridwa ndi kusamalidwa nthawi zonse, monga mbewu ina iliyonse yamkati.
Freesia salekerera mthunzi. Dera lomwe duwa limamera liyenera kukhala pamalo akutali ndi zojambulazo komanso kuyatsidwa bwino, komabe, kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa mwachindunji kuyenera kupewedwa. Nthaka yachonde yokhala ndi zotchingira madzi ambiri ndi yabwino ngati gawo lapansi podzala. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kungathe kukonzedwa palokha. Tengani peat, tsamba, humus ndi turf zofanana. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala ndi acidity yochepa. Mukabzala mitundu yambiri ndikufalitsa mitundu, ndikofunikira kusiya malo aufulu pakati pa tchire.
Kuti tikwaniritse maluwa obiriwira, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kutentha kwa boma. Freesia imatha kudulidwapo maluwa pambuyo pa kutseguka kwathunthu kwa masamba awiri. Ndikwabwino kuzichotsa mu chitsamba maluwa atatha, mwinanso michere yonse ingawonongeke. Kwa mitundu ya freesia yosweka, zogwirizira zimayikidwa. Masamba amafunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, komwe kumachitika madzulo. Kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kukongoletsedwa kumakhudza mawonekedwe a duwa, nthawi zambiri maluwa opanda kanthu amawoneka.
Kukula kwa freesia poyera
Mababu amamera asanabzalidwe. Mukayamba masika, masikelo amayeretsedwa ndikuwanyowetsa mu madzi osungunuka a baseazole pafupifupi theka la ola, pambuyo pake obzalidwa m'maluwa odzala ndi dothi lowala kapena peat. Kuzama kotsika sikupitirira masentimita 5. Zotchingira zitha kuyikidwa pafupi ndi zenera kapena kusungidwa pamtengo wokongoletsedwa. Kuphatikiza pa mababu, anthu ena olima masamba amagwiritsa ntchito mbewu monga zodzala, komabe njirayi imakhala nthawi yambiri. Kuti muchite izi, mbewu za freesia zimayikidwa panthaka yonyowa, ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi loonda pamtunda ndikuphimbidwa ndi galasi. Mabokosi ambewu amasungidwa m'malo opepuka. Pakupita milungu ingapo, mbande zoyambirira zimaberekera, zomwe zimayamba kufota zitakula. Kukhazikika m'malo otseguka kumachitika mu Meyi. Kenako sungathenso kuopa kuti chisanu chibwerera.
Zitsamba za tchire zazing'ono zimakumbidwa mpaka mainchesi 3 mpaka 6. Zimatengera kukula kwa mbeuyo. Mtunda wa masentimita 15 uyenera kusungidwa pakati pa zitunda Kuti tipewe malo okhala mphukira, twine amatambasulidwa pakati pa mbewuzo, zikafika kutalika kwa 15 cm. Mutabzala, dothi lozungulira mphukira zazing'onoting'ono limakhazikika. Kenako mizu yake singatenthe, ndipo dothi limasungabe chinyezi mukathilira kapena kugwa mvula. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, mapesi a maluwa amapanga tchire, lomwe limakonda maluwa mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala.
Kusamalira freesia m'munda
Kusamalidwa kwakukulu kwa freesia ndikuthirira, kuluka ndi kuvala pamwamba. Mukakulitsa freesia kutchire, kumafunikira nthaka yachonde ndi mthunzi wosalala. Mababu obzalidwa pamalowo atatha kuopseza kuti chisanu chisanafike.
Maluwa akayamba kukula, tchire limafunikira kudyetsedwa mobwerezabwereza. Iwo amathiridwa ndi yankho la ammonium nitrate, pambuyo pake kangapo pamwezi iwo amawonjezera feteleza wa potaziyamu ndi superphosphate wothira madzi.
Freesias imakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka madzi. Mtengo wama inflorescence ukayamba kupanga, mbewuyo imafunika kuthiriridwa madzi kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa nthawi zonse. Mapesi ndi masamba amafafiliridwa tsiku lililonse nthawi yakula madzulo, ndiye kuti chinyezi chimatenga bwino.
Zomera, zobzalidwa ndi mbande, zimayamba kuphuka mu Julayi ndipo zimapitilira kutalika mpaka mwezi wa Okutobala. Kutulutsa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumatenga milungu itatu mpaka isanu ndi umodzi, ndiye kuthirira kumachepetsedwa. Ndalama zomwe zatha zimachotsedwa bwino kuti zisawononge mawonekedwe okongoletsa.
Poyera, maluwa amatha kusungidwa mpaka nthawi yachisanu ikubwera. Pofika pakati pa Okutobala, ma corm amakumbidwa mosamala, kudula pansi. Amayesedwa masiku angapo, kutsukidwa ndi mamba ndi mizu yakale, yosanjidwa ndikusungidwa pamalo otentha.
Kusamalira mitengo ku nyumba
Maluwa a mbewu za freesia zakunyumba amayamba nthawi yozizira. Pakakhala chipale chofewa kunja pazenera, ndani angakane kukongola koteroko pawindo. Mababu omwe atasungidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate obzalidwa m'nthaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Kuti muchepetse kumera, mutha kuyisankha ndi Epin kapena Kornevin.
Phula laling'ono lamatayala limayikidwa mumphika, ndipo dothi losakanikirana lomwe limakhala ndi mchenga, dothi lonyowa ndi humus limathiridwa pamwamba. Kuti zikule bwino zimayambira ndi masamba, michere yaying'ono yochokera potaziyamu ndi phosphorous imawonjezeredwa mumphika uliwonse. Mababu obzalidwa zidutswa zingapo. Nthawi yomweyo, kuya kwa mabowo sikupitilira 6 cm.
Miphika yokhala ndi mababu imasiyidwa pamalo owala, opuma. Asanapangidwe masamba awiri obiriwira, safunikira kuthirira. Kenako miphika imakonzedwanso pamalo otentha pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikungotsike kuposa madigiri 22.
Pambuyo maluwa, mphukira zam'mera zimadulidwa, koma babu amatsalira pansi. Amathiriridwa kwa masabata 4-6 kuti apange mababu atsopano.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Kuopsa kwamaluwa ndi tizirombo timodzi timene timakhudza gladioli. Izi zikuphatikiza: nsabwe za m'masamba, zopondera, nthata za akangaude. Chifukwa cha chisamaliro chinyengo, zowola ndi fusarium nthawi zina zimawonekera patchire.
Zodwala za freesia amazimbidwa kuti zitha kuteteza kumatenda athanzi ndi kachilomboka. Zomera zomwe zimatulutsidwa kuti zibzere lotsatira ziyenera kupha tizirombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tisungidwe bwino. Amawaviika mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate atatha kutolera komanso kasupe, asanabzalidwe m'nthaka. Kuonetsetsa kuti tchire lathunthu komanso labwino, ndikofunikira madzi pafupipafupi koma pang'ono. Pamwamba panthaka pamafunika kuti pakhale chinyontho, koma musakhale achangu ndikusiya mizu m'madzi.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya freesia
Hybrid freesia nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa munda. Mitunduyi idawolokedwa powoloka freesia ndi Armstrong freesia. Ndi mitundu iyi yomwe idayala maziko amitundu ina, kufotokozera komwe kwatchulidwa pansipa.
Freesia Amstrong - Ichi ndi chitsamba chomwe zitsinde mwake zimamera ndi 65-70 cm. Ili ndi masamba owoneka ngati belu kuphatikiza fungo lokoma ndikusonkhanitsa mwachidule mantha. Thumba loyera chipale chofewa limakongoletsedwa ndi malo ang'ono achikasu. Kuyamba kwa maluwa kumachitika mwezi wa Meyi, ndipo kumatha kumapeto kwa June.
Mtundu umodzi wokongola kwambiri wamtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kadinala. Babu iliyonse imatha kupanga ma peduncle atatu. Pa whisk pali maluwa ofiira a 9-11 omwe amakhala ndi masamba achikaso.
Fenceia wosakanizidwa - duwa lomwe malo abwino kwambiri oimilira ena onse pabanja amasonkhanitsidwa. Mphukira za freesia izi sizimaposa 1 mita ndipo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nthambi yowoneka bwino. Pali mitundu mitundu iwiri.
- Ballerina - Iyi ndi freesia yoyera chipale chofewa ndi pakati chikasu. Ili ndi ma petals ovuta. Maulendo apamwamba amafundidwa ndi mafuta onunkhira a inflorescence;
- Rose Marie - mitundu yambiri ya freesia. Kutalika kwa miyendo yam'mimba sikupitirira masentimita 25. Pak maluwa, tchire limakulungidwa ndi maluwa owoneka bwino rasipiberi;
- Pimperina - maluwa ofiira akuda ndi fungo lonunkha. Aliyense inflorescence amaphatikiza mpaka 7 masamba.
Freesia ndi loyera, kapena wosweka - yocheperachepera yokhala ndi timitengo tating'ono, tating'ono, kumapeto kwake komwe kumapangidwa ma inflorescence okhala ngati ma spice, okhala ndi masamba 2 kapena 5 oyera kapena oyera a lalanje. Amayamba kuchitika mu Epulo. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndi yamtunduwu:
- Alba - maluwa oyera okhala ndi milozo ya lilac pachikasu chachikaso;
- Zonunkhira Fenceia - inflorescence imapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba 3-7. Pafupi ndi tsinde, pamakhala penti utoto wa lalanje. Fungo la mbewuyo limafanana ndi maluwa okongola a m'chigwacho.
Mitundu yotchulidwa freesia imalimidwa mu mawonekedwe osavuta ndi ma petals oyikidwa mumzere umodzi, komanso mitundu ya maluwa, mu masamba omwe mumakhala mizere ingapo yama petals. Ogulitsidwa pa malo aliwonse osakira dimba, amapatsa mbewu za freesia kapena mitundu yosakanizira m'matumba kuti akule banja lonse la kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu iyi pamaluwa wamaluwa.
Freesia ndi maluwa othokoza kwambiri, ngati mungapereke chisamaliro choyenera, chimakusangalatsani ndi maluwa ake komanso maluwa ake abwino.
