Lingonberry - mabulosi azaumoyo

Lingonberry limakula makamaka mu coniferous (yambiri pine), nkhalango zowuma zochepa, pafupifupi kudera lonse la nkhalangoyi, ndikupanga malo osungirako nthawi zonse. Imapezanso nkhalango zopezeka ku Novosibirsk Region ndi Altai Territory.

Masamba ndi zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala opangira.. Masamba amakolola kumayambiriro kwa kasupe maluwa asanayambitse mbewu (nthawi yokolola pambuyo pake, amasintha ndikawuma).

Masamba a Lingonberry ali ndi arbutin glycoside, flavonoid hyperoside, lycopene, tannins, organic acid. Carbohydrate, pectin, carotene, ascorbic, citric, malic, tartaric, benzoic (yokhala ndi vuto la antiseptic), ma acetic ndi ma organic acids, zinthu zina zimapezeka mu zipatso.

A decoction kapena madzi kulowetsedwa kwa masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati okodzetsa, choleretic ndi antiseptic wothandizila kutupa kwamatenda a impso ndi chikhodzodzo, urolithiasis, gout, kawirikawiri monga astringent wa matenda osagwira matenda opatsirana. Zipatso za Lingonberry zimalimbikitsidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa Hypo- ndi vitamini. Madzi a zipatso a Berry ndi othandiza pamatenda a febrile..

Lingonberry (lat.Vaccínium vítis-idaéa) - mtundu wa zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse kuchokera ku mtundu wa Vaccinium wa banja la Heather.

Masamba ndi osiyana, obovate kapena elliptical, okhala ndi mbali zopindika, zonyezimira, nthawi yachisanu, ali ndi mawonekedwe apansi pamunsi. M'malingaliro awa ndimapangidwe owoneka ngati kalabu, momwe makoma am' cell amadzazidwa ndi chinthu cha mucous chomwe chimatha kuyamwa madzi. Madzi kunyowetsa madzi kumtunda kwa pepalali kumadutsa pang'onopang'ono, kumadzaza maenje ndikumamwa.

Amamera m'nkhalango youma komanso yonyowa, zitsamba, nthawi zina mumabowo.

Tchire la limeonberry, lomwe nthawi zina limayenda ndi chitsa chovunda pakati pa khungwa ndi mtengo, limatha kutalika mita, pamene omwe akukula pafupi ndi nthaka nthawi zambiri amakhala amtali masentimita 8 mpaka 15.

Maluwa ndi oyera ndi utoto wofiirira, wokhazikika, wophatikizidwa mumabrashi apical. Corolla ndi inayi. Chikho agawanika anayi. Stamens - 8. Pestle - 1. Ovari ovary. Limamasula mu Meyi ndi June. Lingonberry corollas inayamba maluwa, izi zimateteza mungu kuti usazime. Mu ma anthers, mungu umakhala ngati mawonekedwe wandiweyani, koma pang'onopang'ono amamasula ndi kutulutsa magawo kudzera m'mabowo omwe ali kumapeto kwa ma anthers.

Zipatso - zipatso zofiira, zimagwira chisanu mpaka masika.

Mtundu dzina la vitis-idaea potanthauzira amatanthauza - "mpesa wochokera pa Phiri la Ida" (chilumba cha Kerete). Dzina la vitis-idaea la lingonberries limapangidwa koyamba ndi Dodoneus ndi Gesner (akatswiri azachilengedwe, olemba mabaibulo, zaka za zana la 16). Olemba akale sanatchulidwe za lingonberries.

Mphukira za Lingonberry zimakhudzidwa ndi bowa Exobasidium vaccinii. Ndi chotupa ichi, tsinde ndi kusiya kupindika ndi kukhala wotumbululuka pinki. Kuchokera patali, mphukira zotere zimawoneka zachilendo ndipo zimawonekera kwambiri motsutsana ndi matchire abwinobwino obiriwira. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chakugonjetsedwa ndi bowa Melampora Goeppertiana, zimayambira zimakulitsidwa, kupindika ndikupereka chithunzi cha tsache, ndipo masamba amafupikitsidwa, otsika amasandulika masikelo.

Zipatso za lingonberry, zomwe zimawoneka bwino kwambiri pakhungu lake lofiirira ngati masamba obiriwira, zimadyedwa ndi nyama ndi mbalame.. Mbalame zimafalitsa nthangala zosasindikizidwa m'malo akuluakulu ndikuthandizira kufalitsa lingonberry.

Mizu ya Lingonberry imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndi fungus mycelium. Zingwe za bowa zimatenga mayankho a nthaka ndi mchere ndikuwapatsira kumizu ya lingonberry.

Lingonberry limawoneka ngati beru.

Mawonekedwe

Malo: lingonberry imamera m'dzuwa komanso mumthunzi wochepa, koma imabala zipatso bwino mu 100% kuwunikira.

Dothi: zofanana Heather, ndiye kuti, ziyenera kukhala zotayirira, zamadzi komanso zopumira ndipo, koposa zonse, zimachita asidi. Mulingo woyenera wa pH wa dothi la heather ndi magawo 3.5-4,5. Pang'onopang'ono acidic kapena malo osalowerera ayenera kukhala ndi acidic pafupipafupi. Pa izi, sulufu imawonjezeredwa (40 g pa 1 sq. M) kapena kamodzi pa masiku onse asanu ndi awiri m'derali imathiriridwa ndi madzi ndikuwonjezera kwa ma electrolyte mabatire a asidi pamlingo wa 2-3 ml pa madzi okwanira 1 litre. Zomera za Heather zimamera bwino peat, koma kusakaniza kwa peat ndi mchenga, utuchi, ndi singano ndizoyeneranso. Mwa njira, yankho losangalatsa pakupanga kwa munda wa heather ndi kugwiritsa ntchito macheka. Kuchokera "njerwa" za peat zimafalitsa malire, mkati mwake momwe nthaka imathiridwa ndikuwokedwa mbewu. Pamwamba panthaka panamenyedwa ndi utuchi kapena mchenga (3-5 cm). Ma gaga a mtedza wa pine kapena makungwa a paini amawoneka okongola kwambiri ngati mulch, nthawi yomweyo amakhala abwino ndikuthira nthaka.

Tikufika

Lingonberries omwazika ndi mbewu, rhizome kudula ndi mbewu wamkazi. Zotsalazo zimapereka zinthu zofunikira kubzala m'nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Akafika, amakumba ngalande yakuya mpaka 25-30 cm, m'lifupi mwake chikulu ndikudzaza ndi kavalo kapena pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi mchenga waukulu wamtsinje pakuyerekeza 3: 1. Mulingo woyenerera mwamadzi apansi pamtunda ndi 60-80 masentimita, ndikokwera wokwera muyenera kuukweza - kutsanulira 10-15 cm, miyala, miyala kapena njerwa yosweka yopopera pansi kufikira pansi. Asanadzalemo m'nthaka, feteleza wa michere amabzalidwa: 7 g ya ammonium sulfate, 6 g ya superphosphate iwiri ndi 3 g ya potaziyamu sulfate pa 1 m2.

Zomera zazing'ono zokhala ndi dothi lodzalidwa m'munda woyamba wa Meyi ndikutalika kwa 25-30 cm pakati pawo (zosaposa zitsamba 15 zimayikidwa 1 m2) ndikuthirira.

Chisamaliro

Kutsegulira dothi nthawi yachilimwe, kuthirira mu nyengo yowuma (lingonberry sikulekerera chinyezi chambiri) ndikulimira.

Malingaliro a mangon amatha kuwonongeka ndi kafadala wa masamba, mbozi za tundra ndi masamba a masamba. Ndikofunika kuwatenga pamanja kapena kupopera mbewuzo ndi ma infusions a fodya, ma anyezi ndi dandelion. Mwa matenda, ekbazidiosis ndi dzimbiri ndizofala. Poyamba, masamba, mphukira ndi maluwa amatembenukira pinki ndi kutupa kutupa. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, mphukira zimasanduka zofiirira ndikuuma. Masamba amatenga dzimbiri, mawanga ofiira ofiira kumbuyo kwawo, malo owoneka achikasu kumbali yakumaso, ndipo pambuyo pake kutuwa kwa bowa.

Mphukira zomwe zakhudzidwa zikuyenera kudulidwa ndikuwotchedwa, mbewuzo zikathiridwa ndi madzi 1% Bordeaux kapena m'malo ake. Pokana dzimbiri, mutha kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito topazi (1 ampoule 2 ml pa 10 malita a madzi).

Kuswana

Kufalikira kwa mbewu ndi kudula. Kumera kwa mbewu za lingonberry kumasiyana, malinga ndi olemba osiyanasiyana, kuyambira 11 mpaka 50%. Pansi pazachilengedwe, zimamera mu June - Julayi. Kumera pamtunda. Mphukira zimakhala ndi lotyolate-oval cotyledons, mpaka 2,5 mm kutalika, zobiriwira zakuda pamtunda, zonyezimira, zofiirira pansipa. Ma cotyledon akufa amakhalabe pamtengowo kwa zaka zingapo. Tsamba loyamba ndi lozungulira, lomwe limakhala ndi mtsempha waukulu wowonekera bwino, mpaka 2 mm kutalika. Tsamba lachiwiri ndilokulirapo. Masamba otsatira lanceolate, otchulidwa kumapeto. Pakutha kwa chaka choyamba, mphukira zimakhala ndi masamba owona a 2-4, kutalika kwa mbewuzo ndi 1 - 2 cm. Mphete zazikulu za lingonberry zimamwalira zaka 3-4 ndipo m'malo mwake mphukira zam'mbali. Chifukwa cha nthambi, chitsamba choyambirira chimapangidwa. Kubala mwachilengedwe kumachitika, malinga ndi magwero ena, wazaka 10 mpaka 14, malinga ndi ena - wazaka 14 mpaka 14, m'mabzala kale kwambiri - zaka 5-10. M'badwo wa makatani a lingonberry m'magulu ang'onoang'ono adatsimikiziridwa pazaka 90-120. Ziwalo zoberekera zimayikidwa maluwa patatsala chaka chimodzi kutulutsa maluwa; mu Ogasiti, masamba a maluwa amtsogolo amatha kusiyanitsidwa.

Lingonberry ndi chomera chopukutidwa ndi tizilombo, komabe, kudzipukusa kwathu kumadziwika. Maperesenti a maluwa omwe amakhala ndi manyowa amasiyanasiyana kwambiri (kuyambira 14 mpaka 90) m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso zaka zingapo. Mu burashi kuyambira 1 mpaka 16 zipatso; Mbeu za mabulosi kuyambira 5 mpaka 31. Kubala mbewu kwa lingonberry ndikwambiri, komabe, mwachilengedwe, kubereka mbewu ndizovuta. Mbewu zimamera m'mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mphukira zimatha kupezeka pazitsa zakale, mitengo yakugwa, njira zosiyidwa. Mu nthawi zachilengedwe, kubereka mbewu mu lingonberries kumasinthidwa ndi masamba. Kubzala kwamasamba kumachitika mwachangu m'malo otseguka omwe kulibe zomera, mwachitsanzo, m'malo otentha. Itha kupangidwanso mwatsatanetsatane mwa kudula mizu.

Zosiyanasiyana

Pali mitundu pafupifupi 20. Mwachitsanzo: 'Korale', opanda ndi yaying'ono. Zokongoletsa kwambiri:

"Koralle"- chitsamba chowoneka bwino chokhala ndi kutalika ndi mainchesi masentimita 30. Maluwa ndi kubereka zipatso kawiri pa nyengo (limamasula mu Meyi ndi Julayi, zipatso - mu Julayi ndi Seputembala), ndizokongoletsa makamaka mu Julayi-Seputembala.

"Red perl" - chitsamba chotalika ndi masentimita 25, zipatsozo zimakhala zowoneka zofiira. Maluwa ndikubala zipatso kawiri pa nyengo.

"Erntesegen" - chitsamba cham'madzi chodzaza ndi masentimita 40. Zipatso zamitundu yayikulu kwambiri.

Monga chofunda chosabisa pansi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu "Masovia" ndi "Kostroma pink". Ma lingonberry ndi mitundu yake amalimbana chisanu nthawi yozizira mpaka -30 ° C, safuna pogona ...

Zogulitsanso nthawi zina zimapezeka katemera wabwino kwambiri, kapena utoto (V. praestans) - chitsamba chowala. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chivundikiro; limamasula ndi maluwa oyera ndi kupanga zipatso zofiira. Katemera wopangidwa ndi ndalama (V. nummularia) - chitsamba chobiriwira chotalika mpaka 30 cm chokhala ndi maluwa apinki ndi zipatso zakuda.

Kusankhidwa kwanyumba makamaka cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa zokolola za lingonberry. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lingonberries 'Ruby' yakucha mochedwa. Zipatso zolemera 0,22 g, zofiirira zakuda, zotsekemera komanso zowawasa. Amakhala ndi shuga - 11.7%, ma asidi achilengedwe - 1.6%, ascorbic acid - 11.0 mg%. Kulawa mphambu - mfundo 4.2. Zokolola zapakatikati ndi 972 g pa 1 m2. Tchire limakhala lalikulu pakati ndi korona woponderezedwa. Akutalika kwa sing'anga makulidwe, masamba a sing'anga, tsamba lamtundu wachikopa, osalala. Maluwa ndi a pakati, opanda kanthu, oyera. Zomera zimagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kochepa (-33 C) pansi pa chipale chofewa. Amapirira nyengo yachisanu mpaka -3 C. Amakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri mpaka 1 point. Palibe zowononga tizilombo. Mulingo woyenerera wabwino pansi ndi masentimita 40-60.Dothi lofunikira la Acidic, lokwanira bwino kuti mulimidwe likufunika.

Tizilombo ndi matenda

Mwachilengedwe, pamtchire lingonberry pali mbozi za maluwa kafadala ndi masamba a masamba, masamba owuma ndikukula masamba aang'onoyi. Zitha kuonekanso pa nthawi yakucha zipatso, munthawi yomweyo tizirombo amatengedwa pamanja.

Nthawi zina lingonberry imakhala ndi dzimbiri (chikasu ndi kuyanika masamba, kufooka mphukira) ndi exobazidiosis (mphukira, masamba, inflorescence imakhala ndi mtundu wa pinki ndi zolengeza zoyera).

Gwiritsani ntchito

Mutha kubzala zipatso ngati lingaliro, koma phindu lake limakhala zipatso.

Zipatso zimakhala ndi anthocyanins, vitamini C, michere acid, dzuwa, carotene, manganese. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa salicylic ndi benzoic acid, ali ndi katundu wa antiseptic ndipo amatha kusungidwa kwa chaka chathunthu, akungodzaza ndi madzi oyera!

Madzi a Berry amalepheretsanso kukula kwa matenda oopsa, ndizosokoneza, komanso amathandizira. Minyewa yophika ndi uchi imatengedwa chifukwa cha chifuwa chachikulu, chonyowa - chifukwa cha m'mimba ndi m'mimba.

Zipatso amadya mwatsopano, yophika kupanikizana, ma compotes, timadziti.

Masamba amakhalanso ndi mphamvu yochiritsa - cystitis, matenda a chiwindi, rheumatism, chimfine, nyamakazi, ndi urolithiasis amathandizidwa ndi decoction yawo. Masamba amatuta mu kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira.