Masiku ano m'minda yazipatso, ngati kale m'minda yabwino kwambiri yaziphuphu, mutha kupeza zipatso kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi. Palibe kupatula - kumva chitumbuwa, zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe amitundu mitundu zomwe zingathandize kupanga lingaliro la chikhalidwe ndikupeza kuti ndi malo kumunda wakumbuyo kapena m'munda mu dera lirilonse la dziko lathu.
Felt chitumbuwa - amachokera kudera la Far East: China, Korea ndi Manchuria. Chomera chimadziwika ndi dzina lake kukhala mulu wowoneka bwino ndi masamba ophukira, mphukira zazing'ono, petioles, komanso khungu la zipatso.
Chomera chomwe chili chosiyana kwambiri ndi nyama zamtchire komanso zamtundu wodziwika ku Europe, chidapezeka m'dziko lathu kokha koyambirira kwa zaka zana zapitazi. Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, olekerera mosavuta chilala komanso zitsamba zambiri zopanga zipatso chidwi asayansi a USSR. Kubzala ndi kusaka zipatso zamatcheri adachitika ku Far East komanso mkatikati mwa gawo la Europe.
Munthawi ya 30s chifukwa cha ntchito za N.N. Tikhonova, I.V. Michurina ndi G.T. Kazmina omwe anali ndi malo olimapo a Soviet wamaluwa anali ngati mitundu khumi ndi iwiri yausanu wozizira kwambiri komanso wosakanizidwa ndi mchenga. Pambuyo pake, mitundu yoyenera kulimidwa idapezeka osati kumwera kwa Primorye, ku Caucasus ndi madera ena okhala ndi nyengo yofunda, komanso pakati pa Russia.
Zambiri posankha zomverera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Mitundu yamakono yamatcheri amtundu wamitundu, malinga ndi kufotokozera ndi zithunzi, ndi mitengo yayikulu-zipatso, yolimba yolimba yotalika 1 mpaka 2,5 mita, yopanga mpaka 15 makilogalamu a zipatso zabwino.
Maso yamatcheri bwino kupirira matenda oopsa a zipatso zamwala monga coccomycosis ndi klyasterosporiosis. Sichitha kugwidwa ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo chimayambira kwambiri kuposa zipatso zokhazikika. Pambuyo pa zaka 2-3, gawo lodzala nthambi za zitsamba limakutidwa ndi maluwa ndikutulutsa mazira.
Koma ndi zabwino zambiri, chikhalidwe ichi chili ndi zofooka zake. Iyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti, poyerekeza ndi ma cherries wamba, wachibale wake waku Asia ali ndi nthawi yayifupi. Pofotokozera zamitundu yamitundu yamatcheri amitundu, zimawonetsedwa kuti kutalika kwambiri kwa chitsamba ndi zaka 16-19. M'malo mwake, panjira yapakatikati, atatha zaka 8-10 zakufika, amafunikira zosinthika.
Makamaka chidwi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatcheri a Leningrad ndi madera ena a North-West dera. Apa, chifukwa pafupipafupi masika thaws, kusinthana ndi chisanu, ngakhale bwino kubisa mbewu pansi pa kulowetsedwa kwakuthwa kungakhale vytryvat. Zomwezi zimachitikanso posankha mitundu yambiri yamatcheri a Urals.
Kukhazikika kwamadzi komanso chinyezi, osati chotenthetsa kwambiri ndiye ngozi ku chikhalidwe. Nthawi zotere, zipatso zamwala zonse zimakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a moniliosis, zomwe zimabweretsa osati kutaya mbewu kokha, komanso kufa kwa chitsamba chonse.
Ngati mvula imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi m'derali, wolima amayenera kuchitira nkhokwezi kawiri kapena katatu ndi fungicides kawiri pachaka, komanso kuyang'ananso mkhalidwe wa shrub, ndikudulira, osayiwala za kuphatikiza manyowa ndikuchotsa masamba ndi zipatso.
Ngati mukubzala mitengo yamatcheri osiyanasiyana m'chigawo cha Moscow kapena dera lina lokhala ndi asidi, wopanda dothi lambiri, simuyenera kulabadira luso la kupirira chisanu, komanso zofunikira za nthaka m'nthaka. Monga lamulo, shrub limakula bwino, limachulukirachulukira, ndipo limabala zipatso motalikirapo, dothi losalimba lomwe silimaloledwa kapena pang'ono asidi.
Ngati dothi lomwe lili patsamba lino silikukwaniritsa zomwe zimafunikira, limasanjidwa ndi kusakanizidwa ndi feteleza, mchenga ndi peat pamalo obzala. Kenako njirayi imabwerezedwanso pafupipafupi zaka 4-5. Feteleza zipatso kumachitika chaka chilichonse.
Natalie Felt Cherry
Chitsamba champhamvu chachitali mpaka mamita 1.8 chokhala ndi zipatso za 9 kg pa chomera chilichonse. Mitundu yofiyira, zipatso zazing'ono zamitundu yosiyanasiyana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Natalie zimalemera magalamu anayi. Zipatso zokhala ndi zamkaka zofiira zimakhala ndi kukoma komanso kaso kowoneka bwino. Kukolola kucha mkati mwa Julayi.
Zosiyanasiyana zamitundu Cher
Kutalika kwamtali wa mamita 2.2, chitsamba cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtchire chimawoneka chowoneka bwino koma osati chomata kwambiri mkati. Wofiyira, wokhala ndi khungu loonda komanso wandiweyani, zamkaka wowawasa umalemera magalamu 2,5-4 ndikucha pakanthawi kuyambira pa Julayi 18 mpaka 26. Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa mitundu, zipatso zotsekemera za Spark zimafunikira kuthirira nthawi zonse, apo ayi mbewuzo zimatha kutaya zipatso, kapena mabulosiwo amakhala ochepa komanso ochepa zipatso. Kulimbana ndi chisanu kwa chisumbu kovuta.
Adakhala chitumbuwa Ocean Virovskaya
Kumapeto kwa Julayi, ndi nthawi yoti mukolole ku thengo la Ocean Virovskaya chitumbuwa. Zomera mpaka ma 1,8 metres zimapereka mpaka 9 makilogalamu a zipatso zowola zowirira zomwe zimalemera mpaka magalamu 3.6. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumagwirizana, ndi acid yochepa. Ngakhale kuti zamkati ndi zonenepa komanso zowutsa mudyo, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizitha kuyendetsa zipatso padziko lonse lapansi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatcheri aana
Zitsamba zokhala ndi kutalika kwa mita yoposa imodzi ndi theka zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakakulu ka korona. Kutola kwakukulu kucha zipatso zofiira kumachitika pambuyo pa Julayi. Chipatso chokhala ndi khungu loonda la pubescent chimalemera pafupifupi magalamu a 3.5 ndipo chimakhala ndi kukoma kwakukulu ndikutchulidwa kokoma komanso acidity pang'ono. Kuchokera pachitsamba chachikulire, mutha kusonkhanitsa zipatso mpaka 10 kg. Zomera sizilabereka ndipo zimafunikira ma pollinators.
Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi cha mitundu yamatchuthi Malimwe
Mu makolo a Cherer Cher, omwe adapangidwa ndi obereketsa Far East, chikhalidwe china chimawonekera - mchenga kapena chitsamba chitumbuwa. Koma mutha kudziwa za izi kuchokera pazofotokozedwazo, ndizosavuta kulingalira za kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitumbuwa. Kuchokera pamchenga wamchenga udayamba kumera pang'onopang'ono, makamaka zowonekera zaka zoyambirira mutabzala. Kuwala, komwe kumakhala ndi mtundu wofiira wosiyana ndi zipatso, zipatso zake ndi zazikulu kwambiri ndipo zimalemera mpaka magalamu 3.3. Kuguza kwake ndi kwakucha, kwatsopano. Zipatso zimacha kumapeto kwa Julayi, ndipo zimatha kukhala panthambi pafupifupi mwezi wathunthu. Ngati mbewu yatuta, iyenera kukonzedwa nthawi yomweyo. Zima hardiness wa zomera ndi avareji. Chitsamba chachikulu chimapereka zipatso zosachepera 8 kg.
Anazindikira Cherry Pink Crop
Kubalaza tchire lalikululi pakatikati pake kulimbana ndi zipatso zosakwana 9,5 makilogalamu ofiira ofiira. Kukoma kwa zipatso ndizoyenera, komanso kupatsa kukoma. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi magalamu atatu. Mbewu zochuluka zimakololedwa mu theka lachiwiri la Julayi. Kukaniza chisanu kwa mitunduyo ndikokhutiritsa, mbewu sizilekerera chinyezi chambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi cha mitundu yamtengo wapatali yamtundu wa Smuglyanka chakumaso
Mu theka lachiwiri la Julayi, ndi nthawi yokolola ma smuglyanka ochokera kumayiko ena. Kuchokera pamtengo wokhazikika, masamba 1.2 okha, mutha kutolera zipatso 7 maroon wokhala ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 2,5. Kuguza kwa chipatso ndi kofewa, kotsekemera, kofiyira. Chipinda chimakhala cholimba nthawi yachisanu ndipo chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma cherries osiyanasiyana a Urals ndi dera la Leningrad. Kujambula ndikukhala mumtengowo.
Anasangalala Cherry
Tchire lotalikirana mita imodzi ndi theka limafunikira kukhazikitsidwa moyenera ndipo ndimatha kupanga zipatso zabwino zoposa 9 makilogalamu. Zipatso zokhala ndi khungu lofiirira lowala ndi zamkati zomwezi zimakhala ndi magalamu pafupifupi 3.5 ndipo zimakhala ndi kukoma koyenera. Kukolola kwakukulu kumachitika kuyambira pa Julayi 10 mpaka 20.
Zosiyanasiyana zamatchuthi Akukonda
Tchire lolimba la nthawi yozizira limakhala ndi zipatso zambiri zoterezi ku Moscow Region limafikira kutalika kwa 1.7 metres ndikupirira zipatso za 9 kg za zipatso. Zipatso zimalemera pafupifupi magalamu a 3.5, zimakhala ndi zonunkhira zabwino komanso mawonekedwe abwino. Kucha zipatso kumagwera nthawi kuyambira pa Julayi 10 mpaka 26. Zosiyanasiyana sizimawopa chilala, koma chifukwa chosowa chinyezi, zipatso zake ndizochepa.
Amurka anamva chitumbuwa
Olimba, okhala ndi korona yachilendo pachikhalidwe ichi amalekerera nyengo yozizira, koma osalekerera chinyezi chambiri. Kutula zipatso zazikuluzikulu zopitilira 2,7 magalamu zimayamba theka lachigawo. Zipatso zimangokhala mwamphamvu panthambi, zimakhala ndi mtundu wowala, zamkaka zowoneka bwino ndi burgundy hue ndi kununkhira kwapamwamba kwabwino. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zokolola, chisamaliro choyenera chimafikira 14,5 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chomera chachikulu.
Pogula mbande za chipatso ichi, wina sayenera kukhulupirira nkhani zakuti chitumbuwa kapena chosiyanasiyana choterechi chimakhala chodzilimbitsa. Mitundu yonse yazomera zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu State Register zimafunikira mungu, choncho wolima sayenera kungokhala chodzala chitsamba chimodzi. Mwanjira yabwino, zokolola kuchokera pamenepo zidzakhala zana limodzi la zipatso zomwe zingatheke. Kuti mungu ukhale wabwino, zitsamba zimabzalidwa patali mamita 2-3, osayiwala za kudulira komanso kupyola korona.
