Rose ndi chomera cha Rose Hips. Kuthengo, maluwawo amakula makamaka nyengo yotentha ya North Hemisphere, koma m'chigawo chathu chapakati cha Russia, maluwa amakula akamabzala ndi kusamalira poyera, komanso kunyumba.
Zambiri
Maluwa amawoneka okongola kwambiri ndipo samagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu wamba zam'munda kapena mbewu zamkati. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga m'munda, kupanikizana kwa rose petals kumaphika, komanso mafuta a rose.
Kukula, maluwa amapanga tchire ndi mphukira zawo, kutalika kwake komwe kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mbewu. Mitundu ina ya maluwa mpaka 30c kutalika, pomwe ina imakula kupitilira mamili awiri ndi theka.
Nthambi za mbewuzo zimagawidwa mu uterine ndi zimayambira pachaka. Mawonekedwe a tsamba amasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa duwa.
Kukula kwa peduncle kumakhalanso kosiyanasiyana m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Itha kukhala yaifupi, koma imatha kukula pafupifupi mita. Maluwa a rose amabwera mosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe, kukula kwake kumasiyanasiyana masentimita angapo mulifupi mwake mpaka masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Kuchulukana kwa mitengo ya m'maluwa kumakhalanso kosiyana, kuchokera pazidutswa 5 mpaka 120.
Maluwa amatha kukhala a mitundu yonse yotheka - maluwa a pinki, akuda, oyera, komanso maluwa amtambo amabadwa. Ndipo zomwe akwaniritsa apamwamba a obereketsa ndi mitundu yosintha mtundu nthawi yamaluwa.
Mitundu yayikulu ya maluwa siyingatheke kufotokoza. Pakati pa maluwa olimidwa, maluwa ndi maluwa amaluwa amasiyanitsidwa, ndikofunikanso kukumbukira zamitundu yam'nyumba. Nthawi zambiri, maluwa a maluwa akutchire, kukwera, pang'ono, maluwa a maluwa a floribunda ndi maluwa a grandiflora amakula.
Koma duwa lodziwika bwino la Chitchaina kwenikweni ndi hibiscus, ndipo duwa lachipululu ndi adenium.
Maluwa okhathamirawa akhala akudya nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndipo zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti atchulepo kapena gawo laling'ono la mitundu.
Kubzala Rose ndi kusamalira poyera
Maluwa ndi mbewu yovuta kwambiri, kotero kubzala ndi kuisamalira kumafunika kudziwa mawonekedwe a duwa.
Kubzala maluwa ndibwino kuchitira mu kugwa, koma osachedwa kuposa pakati pa nyengo. Amalangizidwanso kuti azigula zinthu zomwe zingabzalire m'dzinja, chifukwa nthawi ya masika amagulitsidwa nthawi zambiri, otsala kuchokera chaka chatha.
Ma Rosahip ndijambulidwa ndipo malo oti awalimire ndikusankha osasunthika, koma ngati muli ndi maluwa, ndi bwino kuti dzuwa lisawabire. Zokongoletsa ndi mphepo yakumpoto zimasokoneza mbewu, ndipo musabzale maluwa m'malo omwe pansi panthaka pamakhala pamwamba.
Kuti mubzale maluwa, muyenera kuthira dothi, lomwe liyenera kukhala acidic pang'ono (pafupifupi 6 pH), chonde sichofunikira kwambiri, koma chimakhudza kukongola kwa maluwa, magawo okhala ndi chonde olandirika.
Asanadzalemo maluwa, mbande zimafupikitsidwa mpaka 20 cm ndikuyika maola angapo m'madzi. Amakumba dzenje la duwa pafupifupi 50 cm, ndipo amapanga kuya kwa 10 cm kuposa mizu yake.
Nthaka yochokera kudzenje iyenera kusakanizidwa ndi kompositi. Pamalo atatu abowo, gawo limodzi la kompositi limatengedwa. Ndikofunikanso kusakaniza phulusa pang'onopang'ono, ndikutsanulira ndowa ndi piritsi la heteroauxin m'dzenje.
Duwa limabzalidwa kuti malo akalumikizidwa agwetsere masentimita anayi m'nthaka, ndikuyang'ana maluwa - khumi.
Maluwa ayenera kuyikidwamo ndi kukumbira mosamala ndi gawo lapansi, kulipondaponda pomwe dzenjelo ladzaza. Zomera zazing'onoting'ono zimayenera kupangika ndi masentimita 15 ndikuwapatsa shading kwa masiku 15. Kukula kwamaluwa ndi 20 cm.
Pakati pa kutsitsa muyenera kuona mtunda wa mita.
Pafupi ndi tchire, muyenera kutenthetsa shaft yaying'ono kuchokera m'nthaka kuti madzi asayende nthawi yothirira.
Ngati tsamba lanu lili ndi madzi okwanira pansi, ndiye kuti muyenera kupanga maluwa okwera maluwa, apo ayi mizu imawola.
Komanso, ngati dothi lomwe mukufuna kubzala mbewuzo ndi lochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti muyenera kukumba ndi mchenga.
Kubzala maluwa poyera masika
Maluwa ang'onoang'ono sangathe kupirira nyengo yozizira kwambiri chifukwa chake, ngati mukukhala madera ozizira kwambiri, dzalani maluwa m'chaka. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri panthawiyi ndi pakati pa Epulo ndipo pafupifupi onse a Meyi.
Njira yodzala mu kasupe imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi nthawi yophukira. Asanabzalidwe, mbande zimafunikira kumiziridwa mu dothi, ndipo mutabzala, chiundacho chimakutidwa ndi mulch.
Ngati kuopseza chisanu ndiye kuti zimayambira ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu, yomwe tsiku lililonse imayenera kuchotsedwa kwakanthawi kuti ithe kuwuluka. Nthawi yopanda filimu imayenera kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa mbewu zimapsa motere. Kanemayo amachotsedwa kwathunthu pomwe chisanu mwina chitapita.
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, maluwa amatenga nthawi yopanga. Pakadali pano, chinthu chachikulu ndikutsina tsinde kuti musinthe. Ndikofunikanso m'chigawo choyamba cha nyengo yachilimwe kuchotsa masamba atangoyamba kuwonekera. Mu nthawi yachiwiri yotentha, masamba nawonso amachotsedwa, koma atapangidwa. Ngati mukukwera duwa, ndiye kuti liyenera kuthandizidwa.
Kuthirira maluwa
Sikufunika kuthirira maluwa nthawi zambiri, koma pokhapokha pakufunika, nthaka ikamuma. Chaka chokha chokha, chomwe chimafunika kuthiriridwa masiku angapo, chimafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse.
Mukukula, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zambiri, kotero kuti msipu wobiriwira umakula bwino. Ndipo kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kuthirira, m'malo mwake, kumachepetsedwa. Ndikofunika kuchita njirayi m'mawa. Osagwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira.
Kuthirira tchire kuyenera kuchitika mosamala, chifukwa madzi amatha kuwononga nthaka, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira.
Feteleza maluwa
Za feteleza, chaka choyamba sichifunikira kudyetsedwa. Komanso, feteleza amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira imeneyi.
Chapakatikati, pa gawo lokhazikika, pawiri feteleza wagwiritsira ntchito, ndiye kuvala pamwamba kumachitika pakumawoneka masamba, kumapeto kwa maluwa komanso masamba ake asanayambe kukhazikika.
Chapakatikati pa feteleza tengani 20 gm ya ammonium sulfate pa mita imodzi ya nthaka. Pakatha milungu ingapo, fetelezayu amabwerezabwereza. Pakupanga masamba, kuvala kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito 20 g ya ammonium nitrate, 30 g ya superphosphate ndi 10 g ya mchere wa potaziyamu pa lalikulu mita.
Pomaliza maluwa, mbewuyo imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wovuta, ndipo pakugwa ndi mchere wa potaziyamu ndi superphosphate, pafupifupi magalamu 30 pa mita imodzi. Mwa feteleza wachilengedwe, ndowe za nkhuku, phulusa, ndi manyowa ndizabwino. Nthawi yamaluwa, feteleza sikuchitika.
Maluwa akuluakulu, ndikuthekanso kuthira feteleza yekha, koma osagwiritsa ntchito, pokhapokha mbewuyo ikhoza kukupatsirani masamba, koma osati pachimake.
Thirani maluwa
Pakapita nthawi, maluwa amakula ndi kutaya kukongola kwawo, ndipo izi zikadzachitika, amafunika kuziika. Kuika ndi bwino kuchita mu Epulo kapena Okutobala, koma kasupe akadakondedwa.
Asanaikidwe, chitsamba chimadulidwa mpaka 20 cm, ndipo masamba onse amabulidwapo. Tchire liyenera kuchotsedwa m'nthaka komanso dothi. Kuti zithandizire kayendedwe kake, mizu imayikidwa pazinthu. Mutha kubzala duwa ndi nsalu iyi, imawola pakapita nthawi.
Maluwa okwera samasinthidwa nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati malo oyipa sanasankhidwe ndipo mbewuyo ikafa kale. Mukamaika maluwa osiyanasiyana amtunduwu, muyenera kusamala kwambiri, chifukwa mizu yake ndiyosavuta kuposa ena onse.
Kudulira maluwa
Chapakatikati, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira muyenera kudula matchire. Kudulira kwa masika kumachitika ndikupanga chitsamba, chilimwe chimachitika kuti ayeretse tchire kuchoka masamba, maluwa osalala, zipatso. Mukugwa, zoyipa zoyipa zimachotsedwa pachomera.
Kudulira kumachitika pamaso pa impso. Nthambi zolimba zokha ziyenera kusiyidwa, zomwe achinyamata amakonda.
Zomera zachikulire zimayenera kukonzedwa mosamala, monga zimabwezeretsa korona moyipa, imodzimodziyo imapita ku maluwa obzalidwa panthaka yosauka. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, malo omwe amachepetsa amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi var vars.
Mu yophukira, izi m'chiuno zakudzu sizifunikira kuthirira ndi kuyang'aniridwa kwapadera, kuwonjezera pa kudula ndi kumasula nthaka.
Kukonzekera maluwa a dzinja
Zisanachitike nyengo yozizira, amafunika kuti azilumikizidwa ndi chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga. Kukula kumachitika ndikuyamba kwa chisanu choyamba, ndipo malowo adakutidwa ndi kanema kuti ateteze mvula.
Usanadye nyengo yachisanu, mbewuzo zimang'amba masamba ndikuwotchedwa. Komanso, ndikofunikira kuchitira tchire ndi yankho limodzi la mkuwa sulfate. Kutentha kwausiku kumatsikira -6ºC, maluwa amakongoletsedwa ndi nthambi za spruce.
Kuti makoswe asamavutitse mbewu yanu nthawi yozizira, muyenera kufalitsa nyambo za poizoni mumaluwa.
Ngati mudaphimba malowo ndikumata ndi mafuta osungira mafuta, ndiye kuti nthawi ndi nthawi pamafunika kupumira mpweya kuti zitsamba zisathawe.
Lisanachitike dzinja, maluwa okwera amayenera kuchotsedwa pamathandizo ndikutsitsidwa pansi. Maluwa akale sagwirira bwino ntchito motero, adzafunika kuwerama pansi pang'onopang'ono. Ndondomeko ziyenera kuchitika pakulimbikitsa kutentha, apo ayi tchire limasweka. Usanadye nyengo yozizira, duwa lokwera limalembedwa munthaka, ndikuzisungunula komanso monga limakhalira kale.
Ntchito yosamalira kunyumba ya Rose kunyumba
Ngati mukufuna kuyimitsa chipinda, ndiye kuti kumbukirani kuti sakonda madzi ozizira komanso kutentha kwambiri kwa chilimwe.
Pogula chomera, musathamangire kuichotsa, choyamba muyenera kudikirira duwa kuti lizolowere zinthu zatsopano.
Nthawi yakula msipu wobiriwira, ndikofunikira kuthirira duwa bwino, ndipo nthawi zina kuthirira kumachitika pang'ono, koma onetsetsani kuti madzi samasunthika mumphika.
Kupatsirana kwa Rose kumachitika ndi gawo la kusintha kwa mwezi kumakula. Kuchita ntchito ndikofunikira ngati chomera chadzaza mphika wonse, ngati dothi lomwe lili mumalowo ndi chomera litatha kapena mbewuyo ndi yokalamba ndipo ikufunika kukonzanso.
Mpofunika kuphatikiza feteleza wamkati ndi maluwa a mullein masiku 15 aliwonse, komanso masiku 7 aliwonse maluwa. Ngati chomera chikadwala kapena chadulidwa kumene posachedwa, kudyetsa sikofunikira, ndibwino kuti musakhale ndi feteleza maluwa m'dima ndi nyengo yozizira.
M'chilimwe, kusunthira duwa lakhonde kumakhala kothandiza m'chipindacho. Mutha kuyamba kupanga duwa pambuyo kutentha kwausiku kukutentha. Choyamba, duwa liyenera kusungidwa mumthunzi kuti lizitha kusintha, kenako limasunthidwa.
Kwa nthawi yozizira, zimayambira ziyenera kudulidwa kuti nthambi iliyonse ikhale ndi masamba 4. Kudulira amathanso kuchitika m'chaka, mbewu isanayambe kukula. M'nyengo yozizira, duwa limathiridwa madzi masiku atatu aliwonse ndi kupopera.
Maluwa amasamala kwambiri zojambula zomanga ndipo kutetezedwa kwa mbewu ndi cholembera papepala kumakhala njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli (kutalika kwa silinda ndi pafupi theka la maluwa).
Kufalikira kwa maluwa ndi mbewu
Kufalikira kwa maluwa kumachitika ndi mbewu ndi masamba. Kubzala mbewu nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kokha kwa maluwa akutchire, ndipo si onse omwe angatengedwe ndi mbewu zamphumphu.
Zinthu zimatengedwa pa siteji pomwe zipatso zimasanduka zofiira. Izi zimachitika mu Ogasiti kapena pang'ono m'mbuyomu.
Kenako, stratation imachitidwa mumchenga wonyowa pamtunda wa pafupifupi 3 ºC. Ndi isanayambike masika, mbewu zimathandizidwa ndi zokupatsani mphamvu kuti muzu upangidwe bwino ndikufesedwa akuya masentimita awiri, kenako nkuphimbidwa ndi humus mulch.
Masamba enieni akapezeka mu maluwa ophukira, amasinthika kotero kuti mbandezo ndizotalika 7 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa mizere ndi masentimita 20. M'chilimwe, malo omwe ali ndi maluwa aang'ono amafunika kuthira feteleza wa mchere.
Mpaka August wotsatira, muyenera kusamalira tchire, kenako amatengedwa ngati katundu.
Kufalikira kwa maluwa ndikudula mchilimwe
Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka pofalitsa ndi odulidwa, omwe amatha kuchitidwa mosiyanasiyana.
Kuti muthane ndi njira yachilengedwe, poyambira mizu ya chilimwe, muyenera kudula mitengoyo kuyambira madzulo kapena m'mawa kwambiri. Mphukira pang'ono kapena zomwe zimayamba kutulutsa posachedwa kapena zomwe zidamera kumene zimakonda.
Kuti mudziwe kuti tsinde ndi lokonzeka kufalitsa, mutha kuthana ndi kaphokoso pachoko. Ngati idasweka mosavuta, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira ngati phesi.
Kutalika kwa zodula kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi 14 cm, ndipo aliyense wa iwo azikhala ndi masamba ndi masamba opanda maluwa. Masamba ochulukirapo amachotsedwa.
Kuwalako kumathandizidwa ndi njira yolimbikitsira kukula kwa mizu ndikuyika m'madzi, pomwe masamba a duwa amawonjezeredwa.
Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa mwachindunji pansi, mutachiritsa maenje kuti abzalidwe ndi potaziyamu yaanganidwe ya potaziyamu.
Sprigs ikuyenera kuphimba mabanki omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati malo obiriwira. Maudzu achichepere amakhala osamala kwambiri ndipo ndizosatheka kuti kutentha kwa masana kumatsikira pansi pa 25 ºC, ndipo kutentha kwa usiku 19ºC mpaka kuzika kwapita.
Kufalikira kwa maluwa ndikudula mbatata
Njira yosangalatsa ndiyo kudula mizu mu mbatata. Kuti muchite izi, kasupe muyenera kukumba ngalande yosaya, pafupifupi 15 cm, ndikuwadzaza ndi mchenga 5 cm.
Zidutswa makumi awiri sentimita zimatidwa mu mbatata, pomwe muyenera kudula maso onse, kenako zimangolowa mumtsinje wanu wamchenga. Poyamba, mbande zimatha kusungidwa pansi pa mitsuko yagalasi.
Ndikofunikira kuthirira nthawi zonse zodulidwazo, ndipo kamodzi pa masiku asanu ndi awiri kuthirira ndi madzi otsekemera (maboti awiri a tiyi a shuga mu kapu yamadzi).
Momwe mungafalitsire duwa ndi zodula maluwa
Ngati mwaperekedwa ndi maluwa a maluwa am'nyumba, ndiye kuti atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa. Maluwa ochokera kumtunda sagwira ntchito, chifukwa amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala osungira.
Maluwa onse, minga, masamba amachotsedwa kudula, ndipo masamba kuchokera pansi amachotsedwa ndikufupikitsidwa kuchokera pamwamba. Tsinde palokha limadulidwira masentimita 20. Kenako limangoikidwa m'madzi osungunuka, omwe amasinthidwa mpaka mizu itawonekera.
Njira zina sizimasiyana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi pamwambapa.
Kufalikira kwa maluwa ndi kudula mu phukusi
Zidulidwa zomalizidwa zimayikidwa m'thumba lonyowa, lopaka mafuta komanso lomangika bwino, kenako ndikuyika pawindo. Kwina pamwezi, mizu imayenera kupanga ndipo odulidwa angabzalidwe.
Kuika zadula kumachitika nthawi yozizira, ngati mukufuna kubzala cuttings mu kasupe kapena mutalandira analandirapo kudula ndikusunga kumawoneka kovuta.
Ingoyikani mphukira m'nthaka ndikukonzekera pogona pachoyayo kuti kuzizira kusayifikire, ndipo m'nthawi yamaluwa chalani zodula.
Kufalitsa maluwa ndi njira ya Burrito
Njira ya Burrito ndiyosadalirika kotheratu, popeza mapangidwe a mizu samachitika ngakhale 50% yamilandu. Koma nthawi zina zimachitika.
Odula amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi chida cholimbikitsira kukula kwa mizu, kenako ndikuyiyika mu nyuzipepala yonyowa m'malo otentha (pafupifupi 17ºº). Mukhala ndi mwayi kuti m'masiku 15 mizu ipangidwe pazodulidwa, koma kunena zowona - mwayi uwu ndi wochepa.
Kufalikira kwa maluwa ndi njira ya Trannua
Pofalitsa mtundu uwu, muyenera kudula pamwamba pa mphukira ndi maluwa ataliitali ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono angapo. Kenako amasunga mpaka masamba kuchokera pansi atayamba kutupa. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti tsinde ndi lokonzeka kumera.
Pakadali pano, zodulidwazo zimafunikira kudula mpaka 20 cm, kuchotsa masamba onse kupatula awiri apamwamba ndikubzala pamalo abwino. Zodulidwa zimafunika kuphimbidwa ndi chidebe chachikulu cha pulasitiki, chomwe sichichotsedwera nyengo yozizira. Mbande nthawi zina zimafunikira kuthilira ndi kumasula dothi pafupi naye.
Njirayi ndiyosadaliranso, komabe ndiyabwino kuposa yoyamba ija.
Katemera wa maluwa
Ayenera kupatsidwa katemera pa dogrose achinyamata. Zabwino kwambiri pa izi zimatengedwa kuti ndi galu wonyamuka ndi mitundu yake, koma zina zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Katemera nthawi zambiri amachitika mkati mwa chilimwe.
Kuti muchite izi, zimayambira zam'mbali zimachotsedwa pamtunda ndipo muzu wake umayeretsedwa dothi. Chowumbika chimapangidwa pa icho ndi mawonekedwe ojambulidwa T momwe chidutswa chimayikidwa. Pambuyo masiku 20, yang'anani mkhalidwe wa impso.Ngati chatupa, ndiye kuti chilichonse chili bwino, koma ngati chitakhala chakuda, ndiye kuti katemera walephera. Asanadye nyengo yachisanu, adalumikiza maluwa a 5 cm pamwamba pamlingo wolumikizira.
Chapakatikati, nthaka imakokedwa, ndipo chomera chomwe katemera udachitidwapo chimadulidwa sentimita pamwamba pamtengowo. Maluwa akayamba kukula, adzafunika kupinikizidwa pa tsamba lachitatu.
Kufalikira kwa maluwa pogawa chitsamba ndikungothekera kwa mitundu yopezeka nayo
Pofalitsa kotero, mchaka, ngakhale masamba asanayambe kuphuka, kukumba duwa ndikuwudula mwanjira yoti pakugawanika kulikonse panali gawo la muzu ndikuwombera. Malo omwe amachepetsa amakhala ndi makala amoto kenako mbali zina za chitsamba zimangodzalidwa ngati maluwa wamba.
Pofuna kufalitsa duwa mwa kugawa, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe muyenera kupanga chosasintha pa tsinde, chomwe chimakula kuchokera pamizu khosi, kenako ndikugugira m'dzenje, kukonza ndikumwaza ndi dothi lonyowa. Kuphatikizanso apo, dothi lidzafunika kuti lizinyowa mpaka nthawi yophukira, ikadzazika mizu. Ndikothekanso kupatulira kanyumba kuchokera kwa mayi kumapeto kwamasika.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tizilombo zoyipa kwambiri za maluwa ndi aphid ndi kangaude mite. Poyambirira, mutha kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba pongodula masamba kapena kupopera nsabwe za m'masamba, mumathanso kutsuka masamba ndi sopo, koma ngati izi sizikuthandizani, muyenera kugula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a rose ndi mphesa m'malo ogulitsa.
Ndi akangaude mutha kuthana ndi kulowetsedwa kwa chowawa kapena fodya, koma ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tafalikira kwambiri, ndibwino kugula njira yoti tithane nayo. Tizilombo timeneti timalowetsa duwa ngati chikhala chouma komanso chinyezi.
Komanso, rose imatha kumenyedwa kuponya, makatoni, rose rose, koma ngati musamalira bwino chomera chake, ndiye kuti sichikuwoneka.
Chimodzi mwa matenda owopsa a maluwa ndi khansa ya bacteria, yomwe imatha kuzindikiridwa ndi zophuka zomwe zimayamba kuuma. Matendawa sangathe kuchiritsidwa ndipo mmera udzafa.
Yang'anirani zinthuzo musanagule, ndikuwongoletsanso mafuta ake musanabzale ndi madzi atatu a Bordeaux. Ngati mukumera ukukula pamtengowo, yesani kuchotsa masamba ndikuwathira zipatsozo mkuwa, koma palibe chitsimikizo kuti mudzakhala ndi nthawi yothandizira duwa.
Coniotirium ndi matenda omwe amakhudza makungwa a zomera. Imadziwoneka ngati malo amtundu wa bulauni, omwe amada nthawi yayitali ndipo "amawomba" tsinde. Mphukira izi ziyenera kudulidwa ndikuwotchedwa pomwepo. Komanso, ngati matendawa atapezeka, nyengo yachisanu isanayambe, ndikofunikira kusiya feteleza ndi nayitrogeni, ndikusintha ndi feteleza potashi.
Powdery adanyamuka zikuyimira mawanga oyera. Madera omwe akudwala amayenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa, ndikuwotcha ndi chitsulo (3%) kapena mkuwa (2%).
Mawonekedwe a bulauni pamasamba ndikugwa kwa otsiriza kukuwonetsa mawanga akuda. Popewa kukula kwa matendawa, ndikofunikira kuthira manyowa ndi mavalidwe apamwamba a potaziyamu, ndikuthandizanso chomera ndi malo omwe chimadzala Bordeaux madzi (3%).
Komanso duwa limatha kudwala imvi, kenako chomera chimawotchedwa nthawi zambiri. Koma, ngati bowa alibe kugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti mutha kuyesa kuwuchiritsa ndi yankho la Bordeaux kuchepetsedwa m'madzi (magalamu 100 pachidebe). Ndikofunikira kukonza chomera chodwala 3-4 nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri zilizonse.
- Ngati duwa lanu siliphuka, ndiye kuti mwangogula chomera chofooka kapena mitundu yomwe siimachita maluwa. Izi zimachitikanso ngati duwa mulibe kuwala kapena michere. Kuzizira kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuzizira nyengo yozizira. Koma chifukwa choopsa kwambiri chopanda maluwa, pomwe duwa limataya zake, ndi kuthengo kwa mbewu.
- Ngati mungayang'ane ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi minga yambiri, ndiye kuti muzimudula (nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuchokera pansi). Ngati simukulimbana nawo, ndiye kuti patapita nthawi mphukira izi zimagwira chitsamba chonse ndipo chimathamanga.
- Masamba a maluwa amatha kugwa ngati adagwidwa ndi tizirombo kapena nthenda, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri chimabisika pamizu ya mbewu. Muzu mutha kuvunda, palinso milandu yogonjetsedwa ndi zimbalangondo kapena mphutsi za Meyi kafadala, mbewa ndi timadontho.
- Kuphatikiza pa matenda, masamba a rose amatha kutembenukira chikasu chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu zofunika monga nayitrogeni, chitsulo ndi manganese, komanso potaziyamu.
Ndikusowa kwa nayitrogeni, masamba amasintha chikaso mosinthana. Choyamba, izi zimachitika ndi gawo lotsika, lomwe limagwa chikaso. Komanso, zoterezi zimayembekezera masamba apakati, kenako chitsamba chonse. Ndikusowa kwa potaziyamu, masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikaso pamphepete, kenako nkuuma. Popanda kufufuza zinthu, mitsempha imayamba kutembenukira chikasu pamasamba a chomera. Chochititsa china chobowola nthawi yayitali ndi chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka.
