Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira kwambiri zamkati mwa ferns, Blechnum moyenerera imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimatchuka kwambiri. Kufunika kwake kwa thermophilicity ndi chinyontho kwasintha chomera chakugwerachi kukhala nthano yowona. Blehnum, kapena azimayi aang'ono m'chipindacho, si fern aliyense, koma ndiwokongola modabwitsa. Makulu akulu ndi thewiri masamba ofanana ndikufanana ndi mitengo ya kanjedza zitha kuphimba chomera chilichonse chokongoletsa masamba mkati mwanu.
The humpbacked derbyanka, kapena Blechnum humpback (Blechnum gibbum).
Blehnum - pafupifupi wotchuka kwambiri wa ferns
Ferns ndizomera zomwe zimadziwika mosavuta osati chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo, komanso ndi mawonekedwe awo apadera. Okhathamira, okonda zokhazikika komanso chisamaliro chabwino, awa okhala kale pamtundamu, sikuti ali opanda chiyembekezo chilichonse. Pakati pa ma fern pali mbewu zomwe ndizoyenera ngakhale zoyambira, ndi mitundu yomwe okhawo omwe ali ndi dimba okhawo amene amatha kumera. Derbyanka ndi imodzi chabe yomaliza. Nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri kapena zofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa chikhalidwe chamkati. Ndipo chomerachi chimafotokoza bwino mbiri yake.
Dzina Botanical derbyanka kapena ma fern ma kanjedza, monga ma bishopu onyenga awa amakonda kutiyitanira - nsomba yakuda (Blechnum) Amayimira banja la dzina lomwelo la Derbyankovyh (Blechnaceae). Maonekedwe a ferns amenewa amatikumbutsa kwambiri mitengo ya kanjedza, osati inzake. Kupatula apo, masamba a mitengo ya cirrus ndi ofanana pamtanda mpaka kumapeto kwa mitengo yazipatso za vai, koma pang'ono komanso patali. Ndipo ngakhale kukula kwamasamba ndi mawonekedwe akukula ngati ferns, chomera chikakula, chimakhala chofanana ndi mitengo ya kanjedza.
Derbyanki ndi ferns yomwe imakula pang'onopang'ono. Ndi kutalika kwa 50 cm mpaka 1 m, mtunduwu sungathe kuwerengedwa ngati zophatikizika kwambiri zamkati. Masamba amatengedwa mosiyanasiyana, kutalika kokwanira, ndikuwoneka bwino komanso kaphokoso chifukwa cha mipata pakati pa lobes, osati makulidwe awo. Ziweto zimafupikitsidwa kapena pafupifupi. Kuphatikiza apo, masamba, ndikuchepa kwawo pang'ono, amalimbikitsanso chisomo ndi chiyambi cha fern, chomwe chimadziwonetsera ndi m'badwo. Maluwewo ndi opindika, ndipo chizimba chosinthika pang'onopang'ono chimakhala ngati chimtengo ndipo chimakwera mpaka theka la mita, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chikhale chofanana ndi mitengo ya kanjedza. Derbyanki samakonda kuphuka ndipo samakangana pafupipafupi, ngakhale pazoyenera kwa iwo, kotero kupeza mwayi wakukula ferns kuchokera ku spores ndizopambana kwambiri. Sporangia amapezeka pafupi m'mphepete mwa zigawo, kunsi kwa masamba.
Mwachilengedwe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulhnums imayesedwa ndi mbewu mazana angapo. M'magulu azikhalidwe, zonse ndizosavuta: zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ndi Humpback Blechnum (Blechnum gibbum). Mbewu nthawi zina imagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la munda wina fern kuchokera ku banja ili, Blechnum spicant. Koma udzu wa spiky ndi malo otseguka, simuyenera kusokoneza mitundu iwiriyi wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa amasiyana onse pamagulu komanso pakugwiritsa ntchito. Mitundu ya "greenhouse" yamtundu wakuda imadziwika kuti ndi yocheperako kwambiri - mtundu wamtundu wa azitona wobiriwira wa bulletiaf (britense wa Blechnum); kuwoneka wokongola ndi njira yosangalatsa ya lobes, Blechnum serrulatum ndi masamba ofiira amdima, okhala ndi petioles zakuda, mawonekedwe a Blechnum moorei.
Fern Derbyanka, kapena Blechnum (Blechnum).
Ntchito Yasamalira Blechnum
Blehnumy akumva bwino mu malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi malo osungirako, maluwa azenera. Izi ndizomera zopanda pake, zotchuka chifukwa cha kutentha kwawo komanso chikondi chinyezi. Koma ngakhale azimayi oterewa sayenera oyamba kumene, alimi odziwa zamalonda amatha kuyesa fern yokongola iyi m'nyumba. Chomera ichi ndi cha iwo omwe amakonda zovuta ndi zovuta za ziweto zawo.
Kuyatsa kwa blehnum
Derbyanki imadzimva kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri pakuwunika "kwapakatikati" - yowala kwambiri, koma yopanda mthunzi kwambiri. Mapulatifomu apadziko lapansi ngakhale owala molakwika sangawagwiritse ntchito, koma malo onse a penumbra adzakhala pothaŵirapo pabwino.
Wokonda mthunzi wocheperako, Blechnum samva bwino pazenera, koma osati patali ndi iwo, zomwe zimaloleza kugwiritsa ntchito mwala wocheperako monga mawonekedwe okongola a zipinda, ulemu, zomangamanga, komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri.
Kutentha kosangalatsa
Popanda malo otentha nthawi zonse, palibe wopambana mukulima Blehnum, koma fern imaphatikiza chikondi chake kutentha ndikusakonda kutentha.
Izi zofunikira panyumba ndizofunikira kwambiri pamatenthedwe ndipo sizingathe kuyima ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono. Kutentha kochepa kovomerezeka kwa fern kumeneku ndi madigiri 16, kenako chomeracho sichitha kupirira nthawi yozizira. Koma ngakhale m'nyengo yotentha, ma blhnums amakonda zinthu zoletsa, osalekerera kutentha kotentha pamwamba madigiri 25. Kutentha kwambiri kudzakhala m'chilimwe mpaka madigiri 20-23, ndipo nthawi yozizira - mpaka madigiri 18, ndibwino. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera osati kutentha kwa mpweya, komanso kutentha kwa nthaka.
Chimodzi mwazinthu "zovuta" kwambiri za fern iyi ndi kukonda mpweya wabwino. Blehnumy amafuna zolondola, koma zowonjezera mpweya. Zomera zimakonda kupitilira chilimwe mu mpweya wabwino, koma pokhapokha zitatetezedwa ku kutentha pamenepo ndipo zizingopitilirabe.
Mabuleti amasamala kwambiri zojambulajambula komanso kusintha kulikonse kwa kutentha kwa mpweya. Zomera zimafunikira kutetezedwa pakapumira mpweya, komanso kuchokera ku "kuyenda" komwe kumagwira mozungulira chipindacho, osatchulanso zowunikira kapena zida zamagetsi. Kuyang'aniridwa kwakukulu kuyenera kulipidwa kuti titeteze pansi poto: kuzirala kwake kungapangitse kuti mbewu isafe mwachangu kuposa chilala. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuyika mabuluni pamiyala, kuteteza kuthekera kwa pansi kapena zida zamipando.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Popanda chinyezi chokwanira nthawi zonse, bulhnum singathe kukula, koma chomeracho sichikonda chinyezi chambiri. Kuyesa pakati pa chinyezi chokomera komanso kuthilira madzi kumawonedwa pokhapokha pofufuza momwe gawo lawonekera ndikusanthula momwe mbewu imayambira payekha. Mizu ya fern iyi iyenera kukhala m'malo otentha, kupukuta kwa iwo kumapha.
Madzi a ma blhnums amathanso kusankhidwa mosamala: mtundu uwu wa ferns sungalekerere kuthirira, ngakhale ndimu yochepa ingathe kuwononga mbewu. Kuphatikiza pa kukhazikika, muyenera kusamalira kutentha kwa madzi: iyenera kukhala yopanda madigiri angapo kuposa kutentha kwa dziko lapansi.
Koma ngakhale zofunikira za kutentha kosasunthika, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda, zimaphimba kufunika kwawo kwa chinyezi. Zizindikiro za fern imeneyi siziyenera kukhala zokwera zokha, koma zokwera kwambiri, kuchokera pa 75%. Ndipo pomwe chomera sichitha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa (ngakhale zosowa izi zimadzetsa mawonekedwe oyipa a wai), motero ntchito yopanga malo abwino siophweka. Zipangizo za humidifier, zapanyumba kapena mafakitale, zitha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi, komanso kuyika mbewuyo m'maluwa, kufupi ndi akasupe amkati ndi malo am'madzi. Malo abwinoko kwa fern amathanso kuchitika mwa kulimitsa mumiphika mu chidebe chachikulu chakunja chodzazidwa ndi dongo lokwera, miyala yonyowa, peat, hydrogel, ndi zina.
Fern Derbyanka, kapena Blechnum (Blechnum).
Kavalidwe ka zakudya
Izi zimafunikira kuvala kwapamwamba pafupipafupi. Feteleza kwa izo umagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi 1 nthawi 2 milungu. Kwa boushnum, zosakaniza zapadera za feteleza wa ferns kapena feteleza wosachepera wokongoletsera ndi mbewu zowola ndizoyenera kwambiri. Mlingo woyendetsedwa ndi wopanga, ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wapadera wa ferns, umachepetsedwa ndi 2.
Kudyetsa blehnum kumayimitsidwa kwathunthu kuyambira nthawi ya Okutobala mpaka Ogasiti. Pambuyo pakuyika, kuvala pamwamba sikumachitika kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, nthawi zambiri kumangowabweretsa mchaka chachiwiri mutanyamula chidebe chatsopano. Ndikofunikanso kuchita ndi chomera chatsopano.
Kudulira
Ngakhale bulhnum ingakhale yokongola bwanji, popanda kuyeretsa nthawi zonse kumawoneka kosalala komanso kosasamala. Pamaso pake, masamba apansi amagona, amatembenuka chikasu komanso owuma, koma osadzigwa okha. Ayenera kudulidwa kumapeto kwenikweni kwa tsinde, osasiya stumps, kuchotsa, atangoyamba kuwononga kukongoletsa kwa malo ogulitsira. Simungathe kugwira ma vayas athanzi komanso achichepere, ngakhale "atayidwa" kuchokera ku korona wamba wa mbewu zakale.
Fern Derbyanka, kapena Blechnum (Blechnum).
Thirani ndi gawo lapansi
Kusintha luso la malo abwinobwino komanso achikondi amenewa nthawi zonse kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ma blehnums samasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, pokhapokha ngati pakufunikira kusintha kosinthika ndikugawana, mbewuyo ilibe pokhapokha yopititsa patsogolo. Fern iyi imakonda zinthu zadzidzidzi m'malo mochulukitsa.
Kusintha kwa miphika ndi gawo lapansi kutha kuchitika mu nthawi ya kasupe ndi chilimwe, nthawi iliyonse yabwino, yomwe imakulitsa mwayi wopewa kupatsirana kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ngakhale nthaka ya fern imeneyi iyenera kukhala yachindunji. Derbyanki imafunikira gawo lobiriwira, loyipa lokhala ndi humus yayitali. Kuyankha kwa dothi la blehnum kumakondedwa ndi pH ya pafupifupi 5.0. Mukasakanikirana pawokha, magawo ofanana a peat ndi humus nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa, amatengedwa ndi theka la mchenga ndi moss odulidwa.
Ndondomeko iyi iyenera kupita mosamala momwe mungathere. Masiku angapo asanaikulidwe, fern imathiriridwa madzi ambiri. Poika mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kulumikizana ndi mizu ya fern mwa kungokhalira mbewu ndikuyeretsa pang'ono dothi loipitsidwa, koma ndikuchita mosamala.
Pambuyo pakuwonjezera, ma blhnums amafunikira kuthirira kolondola, koma chinyezi kwambiri. Ndikwabwino kusazidyetsa mpaka mbewuyo itagwiritsa ntchito zinthu m'nthaka. Izi zowoneka popanda zovala zapamwamba zimatha kuchita ngakhale mkati mwa miyezi 5-6. Pambuyo pokhapokha, kudyetsa zowonjezera panthawi yokhazikika kumayambitsidwa mu pulogalamu ya chisamaliro.
Zophatikizira za blehnum siziyenera kupanikizika: nthawi zambiri ndikamadzaza, kukula kwa miphika kumakulitsidwa osati ndi 2-3, koma ndi 4-5 masentimita, kuti mizu ikhale ndi malo oti ipangike, koma sayenera kukhala yayifupi kwambiri. Kusankha kopanda yayikulu kwambiri, komabe miphika yayikulu sikungolola malo abwino kwambiri okulira ndi chitukuko, komanso kupewa kupitiliza pafupipafupi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Pamapometi, tizirombo timakonda kukhala alendo. Kupatuka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku chisamaliro chokwanira ndikokwanira, chifukwa fern iyi imayamba kusokonezeka ndi zipsera, nthata za kangaude, kupindika, kumva, nsabwe za m'masamba. Ndikofunika kulimbana nawo nthawi yomweyo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Mavuto omwe akukula:
- Kupukuta kwa nsonga za masamba mu mpweya wouma kwambiri, pafupi ndi magetsi othandizira, mu kukonzekera;
- mawonekedwe okhumudwa ndi kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino;
- chikasu masamba otentha kwambiri;
- kuwoneka kwa bulauni mawanga pamasamba posakhalitsa airing ndi kutentha;
- kukula kwa chinyezi chochepa kwambiri, kusankha kosayenera kwa gawo lapansi;
- Kuwala, kufalikira, masamba owala kwambiri
- masamba osalala ndi nsonga zachikasu kapena zofiirira, kuphatikiza ndi kudodometsa, kusankha kolakwika, kuvala kwapamwamba;
- kupindika patatha masamba achikasu ndi kuthina, kusenda kapena kufa masamba achichepere kuzizira, kuthilira ndi madzi olimba kapena ozizira.
Kuswana kwa Breckhnum
Fern iyi imafalitsidwa makamaka ndi spores. Zomera zimagwedezeka pamtunda pachingwe chonyowa, chamtundu wambiri koma osaya, kenako mbewu ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi. Amamera muudzu wonyowa komanso acidic (osakanikirana ndi peat kapena mchenga), pamtunda wokhazikika wa madigiri 22 Celsius, ndikutentha kochepa komanso pamthunzi wathunthu mpaka mphukira yoyamba iwonekere. Kutuluka kwa mbande kungayembekezeredwe kwa miyezi ingapo. Zomera zazing'ono zimafuna kuwala kofewa komanso malo okhazikika kwambiri; Kudulira kumachitika mbewuzo zikangokhala zolimba, osasiyanso mtengo umodzi pakadutsa masentimita 2-3. Zitha kuzilowetsa mu zodyera zingapo mbeu zitakula mpaka zazitali masentimita asanu.
Kulekanitsidwa kwa blhnums sikumangotchulidwapo, popeza fern imalekerera ngakhale kuphatikizira wamba. Koma ngati chomera chakula kwambiri kapena palibe njira ina, ngati mukufuna kuyesa, ndiye kuti pozungulitsa, mutha kuyesa kugawa nthitizo. Njirayi itha kuchitika kokha pamafelemu osachepera anayi mizere yolimba. Gawani chipinda chaching'ono ndikugawa mbali zazikulu ndi chimodzi (makamaka 2 mpaka 3) malo okula olimba ndi mizu yamphamvu, ndikugwira ntchito ndi mpeni, mwachangu pokonza magawo. Chipinda chidzafunika kusinthidwa kwakanthawi, chisamaliro chokwanira komanso chokwanira.
