Ledum - chomera chakumwa

Dzina lachi Russia "Ledum" limachokera ku verebu loti "lulled", lomwe limatanthawuza "poyizoni", ndipo cholumikizira "cholled", chayiwalika munthawi yathu ino, chomwe chimachokera ku mawu akuti: poyizoni, kupukuta, kulimba. Dzinali limawonetsa mawonekedwe a chitsamba ichi - fungo lamphamvu, losasangalatsa. Dzina lasayansi la Ledum ndi "Ledum" (Ledum) amachokera ku Greek ledon - monga momwe Agiriki akale amatcha chomera chomwe utengowu unkapangidwa - lubani (ladanum).

Rhododendron waku Greenland, kapena Ledum waku Greenland. © David A. Hofmann

Kufotokozera kwa Ledum

Ledum (Ledum) - mtundu wazomera kuchokera ku banja la Heather.

Mu zolemba zaku Western, mitundu yamtundu wa Bagulnik yaphatikizidwa mu genod Rhododendron kuyambira 1990s (Rhododendron), m'mabuku omwe sanamasuliridwe m'chinenedwe cha Chirasha, malingaliro awa azigawenga zamtunduwu sanathandizidwe kale.

Ledum imamera m'malo ozizira komanso otentha a Northern Hemisphere. Ili ndi mitundu 6, 4 mwa yomwe imapezeka ku Russia. Ledum imayimilidwa ndi zitsamba ndi zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse, zosinthika, zonse, zachikopa, nthawi zambiri ndi m'mphepete wokutidwa, masamba.

Masamba ndi nthambi za rosemary zamtchire zimatulutsa kununkhira kowopsa, komwe kumafotokozedwa ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mafuta ofunikira mu chomera, omwe ali ndi zinthu zoopsa zomwe zimakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje ndikupangitsa chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, nseru, kusanza, ndipo nthawi zina kusazindikira.

Maluwawa ndi oyera birixual, mainchesi asanu, ambulera kapena corymbose inflorescence kumapeto kwa mphukira za chaka chatha. Chipatso cha Ledum ndi bokosi la nyenyezi zisanu, lotseguka kuyambira pansi mpaka pamwamba. Mbewu ndizochepa kwambiri, mapiko.

Ledum imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, mu chikhalidwe - ndi zodula, kugawa, kugawa baka ndi mizu.

Nthawi zambiri rosemary imatchedwa daurian rhododendron, nthambi zake zomwe zimagulitsidwa nthawi yozizira. Koma Rhododendron wa Daurian alibe chochita ndi rosemary.

Rhododendron dauric (Rhododendron dauricum). © kp_arnarb

Kukula Ledum

Kubzala Ledum

Nthawi yabwino kubzala Ledum ndi masika. Komabe, ngati chomera chikugulitsidwa ndi mizu yotsekedwa, ndiye kuti nthawi yobzala ilibe kanthu. Popeza mbewuzo zibzalidwa pamalo okhazikika kwazaka zambiri, maenje obzala azikhala akuzama 30-30 cm, ngakhale ochulukirapo mizu yake ali yakuya masentimita 20. Ngati mukufuna kupanga malo owala, koma dikirani zaka zochepa mpaka chikopi chimodzi chikakula, musatero kupanda kuleza mtima, dzalani tchire zingapo, pomwe mtunda pakati pa mbewu zomwe zili mgululi uzikhala 50-70 cm.

Ledum nthaka

Ledum amakonda acidic nthaka. Chifukwa chake, dzenjelo limadzaza ndi chisakanizo chophatikiza ndi peat yambiri, lapansi yodziyimira komanso mchenga mogwirizana (3: 2: 1). Mitundu ina imatha kumera pamchenga wopanda kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, Greenland rosemary ndi rosemary yayikulu, yomwe dothi losakanikirana limakhala ndi zigawo zomwezo, koma predominance of sand. Pansi pa dzenje, dothi la masentimita 5-7 limakutidwa ndi ngalande zopangidwa ndi miyala ndi mchenga wamtsinje. Landings ndi mulching.

Ledum. © Wayne Weber

Kuthirira

Kusunga mulingo woyenera wa acidity, ndikofunikira nthawi zonse (kawiri pamwezi) kuthirira minda ndikumadzala madzi. Mabasi amadyetsedwa kamodzi pachaka kumapeto kwa feteleza wokwanira mchere. Ndikokwanira mu Epulo-Meyi kubalalitsa 1.5-2 tbsp mozungulira chitsamba. l feteleza.

Imalekerera kuthirira kwamadzi, koma sichilekerera chilala ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka. Kutsegulanso ndikofunikira, koma mosamala, popeza mizu yomwe ili pafupi ndi mizu imatha kuwonongeka

Kusamalira Ledum

Ngakhale kuti rosemary yamtchire imamera m'dothi losauka m'mundamo, amafunikira chakudya kuti chikule bwino. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbewuzo. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi mchaka, kamodzi pachaka. Pazovala zapamwamba, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wathunthu wamafuta 50-70 magalamu pa 2 m2 pa chomera chilichonse cha munthu wamkulu, chifukwa chotseka achinyamata - 30-40 magalamu pa m2.

M'nyengo yotentha ndi yotentha, rosemary imafunikira kuthirira. Chifukwa chake, kamodzi pa sabata ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi okwanira malita 5-8 pa chomera chilichonse. Pambuyo pake, nthaka yozungulira tchire imatha kumasulidwa mosamala ndikuyiyika ndi peat, kuti isunge chinyontho. Masulani pansi, monga taonera kale, mosamala kwambiri, popeza mizu yake ili pafupi ndi nthaka.

Ledum safuna kudulira kwapadera. Kuti mukhale ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa, nthambi zouma ndi zosweka zokha nthawi yozizira zimadulidwa.

Mu chikhalidwe, rosemary yamtchire imagwirizana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, mwina chifukwa cha fungo lamphamvu lowopsa.

Mmera wa rosemary bog. © Lora Black

Kuswana kwa Ledum

Mitundu yonse imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi kudula kwa chilimwe. Koma kulunzanitsa kumafunikira maluso ena ndi chidziwitso. Kuti mupange bwino mizu, kudula kwa chilimwe kuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la 0,01% heteroauxin kwa maola 16-24, kenako nkutsukidwa ndikugwetsedwa m'bokosi. Koma ngakhale atalandira chithandizo chotere, callus imangopangidwa mukugwa, ndipo mizu yake imangokulira chaka chamawa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Ledum M'munda

Ledum yamitundu yonse - mbewu zokongola kwambiri komanso zosangalatsa. Adabzala m'mundamo, nthawi zonse azidzakongoletsa. Fungo lamasamba atsopano ndi nthambi za rosemary zimachotsa magazi omwe amayamwa magazi, zimateteza ubweya ndi ubweya ku njenjete. Kuphatikiza apo, adzakutetezani, chifukwa zinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi masamba ake zimapha mabakiteriya owopsa kwa anthu. Ndipo ndani akudziwa, mwina posachedwa mankhwala anganene zikomo mwachilengedwe popanga chitsamba “cholakwika” chija ndikhululukireni chifukwa chomwa mankhwala.

Yang'anani! Pamaluwa, imatulutsa zinthu mlengalenga, zomwe zochuluka zimakhudza anthu (mutu). Osangomera zokha zokha zomwe zili ndi poyizoni, komanso uchi wotengedwa kuchokera ku maluwa ake (uchi wotchedwa "woledzera", womwe sungadye popanda kuwiritsa). Chifukwa chake, ngakhale olemba ena amati chomerachi ndi chokongoletsera, wina ayenera kuganizira ngati nkoyenera kukula m'munda wa heather kapena ayi.

Rosemary wobiriwira. © J Brew

Mankhwala a Ledum

Zomera zimakhala ndi zovuta zonse pazomwe zimagwira, zomwe zimapangitsa kusinthasintha kwa zotsatira zawo pa thupi lonse. Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kwambiri kugawa mbewuzo kukhala zoyembekezera, zotsutsana, bronchodilators, ndi zina. Pakati pa anthu, Ledum amatengedwa ngati mankhwala ponseponse. Ili ndi antispasmodic, expectorant, diaphoretic, diuretic, disinfectant, analgesic, narcotic komanso sedative katundu, ili ndi diuretic, antimicrobial task.

Yang'anani! Zomera zili ndi poizoni. Kudzichitira nokha mankhwala kumatha kuwopseza zovuta komanso ngakhale ngozi.

Mankhwala wowerengeka, rosemary imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupuma; bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, chibayo, chimfine, mphumu, chifuwa, kuthokomola, mabala, komanso kulumidwa ndi njoka ndi tizilombo. Amathana bwino ndi matenda am'mimba, kamwazi, spastic enterocolitis. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza matenda a chiwindi, malungo, cystitis, pyelitis, urethritis.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati malo osambira ndi ma lotion pochiza matenda akunja (kulira eczema, frostbite, zithupsa, nkhanambo), matenda amaso, rheumatism, gout, osteochondrosis, nyamakazi. Imakhala ndi phindu pa chifuwa chachikulu, shuga ndi zotupa za khansa.

Ntchito rosemary mphukira mu mawonekedwe a kulowetsedwa ngati chida chomwe chimafinya m'mitsempha yamagazi, chimapangitsa magazi kuyenda, ndikusowa tulo. Mphamvu ya rosemary yamtchire kuthamanga kwa magazi idawululidwa. Odwala amalolera rosemary ngakhale atakhala nthawi yayitali;

Kuchokera ku mphukira za rosemary zakutchire, leadin yokonzekera imapezekanso pamalonda monga antitussive, bronchodilator. Mafuta ofunikira a Ledum ali ndi mankhwala a narcotic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mowa ndi mowa wamphamvu.

Chifukwa chiyani, choyamba, chokhudza ziwalo zopumira? Mafuta ofunikira a Ledum (anise, elecampane, timina, masamba a paini) amagwira ntchito kwambiri pamatumbo amtundu wa kupuma. Zomwe zimachitika ndi wowerengeka wazikhalidwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito rosemary pochiza ziwalo zopumira ndizambiri.

Mitundu ya Ledum

Marsh rosemary (Ledum palustre, kapena Rhododendron tomentosum)

Ledum marsh imagawidwa kwambiri mwachilengedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka mchikhalidwe. Anthu amatcha ichi: bagun, bagula, cobweb, mulungu wamkazi, cobweb, bogun, marsh hemlock, puzzle, bug, oregano, oregano, cannabis, swamp cannabis, bugs zazikulu, udzu wa bug, chitsamba chamvula, rosemary yamatchi.

Kwawo kwa Ledum kopezeka ku Arctic, East European Plain, Western ndi Eastern Siberia, Western, Northern, Southern Europe, Northern Mongolia, Northeast China, Korea, North America. Amamera mu tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra pamatumba a peat, pamatumba akuluakulu, m'malo obisika a nkhalango zowoneka bwino, m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje, m'mapiri ataliitali, m'magulu, m'mitengo yaying'ono, pakati pa nkhalango zazitali za mkungudza.

Marsh rosemary ndi chitsamba chobiriwira kwambiri chotalika 50 mpaka 120 masentimita, chokhala ndi mphukira yowongoka yokutidwa ndi "dzimbiri" Damu la tchire mu ukalamba ndi pafupifupi mita imodzi. Masamba ndi lanceolate, amdima, onyezimira, ndi fungo. M'mphepete mwa masamba amatakutidwa. Maluwa (mpaka 1.5 cm m'mimba mwake) ndi oyera, osachepera pinki, onunkhira bwino, ma ambulera amitundu yambiri (Meyi-June). Bokosi la zipatso limatseguka ndi mapiko asanu. Mbewu zipsa mkatikati mwa Ogasiti. Mizu yake ndi yapamwamba, ndi mycorrhiza.

Greenland rosemary (Ledum groenlandicum)

Malo okhala zachilengedwe a Ledum of Greenland ndi kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa North America. Amamera m'matumba a peat. Ndizosowa pachikhalidwe, makamaka munyengo zaminda zamabotolo zamtundu wa St. Petersburg, Riga, ku Canada, USA, Germany ndi Switzerland.

Pakadali pano, taxonomy, mtunduwu umadziwika kuti Rhododendron greenland (Rhododendron groenlandicum) M'mbuyomu, mitunduyi idapatsidwa mtundu wa Bagulnik (Ledum) ndipo dzina lake anali Ledum wa Greenland (Ledum groenlandicum), m'mabuku olankhula Chirasha, mitunduyi imadziwika pansi pa dzinali.

Greenland rosemary ndi shrub wotalika mita 1, wokhala ndi masamba obisika (mpaka 2,5 cm), maluwa oyera (mpaka 1.5 masentimita), omwe amasonkhanitsidwa ambulera yowoneka ngati ambulera. Limamasula kuyambira pakati pa Juni mpaka chaka chachiwiri cha Julayi. Mbewu zipsa kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Kukula ndi pang'ono. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi mpaka m'dzinja lalitali kumakhala zochitika za kukula kwachiwiri chifukwa, mwina, malekezero a mphukira zachichepere alibe nthawi yolembetsa ndi kuzizira. Komabe, izi sizikhudza maonekedwe okongoletsa.

Ledum zokwawa kapena Ledum sedrate (Ledum decumbens)

Dziko lakwawo la Ledum Chilengedwe: Kum'mawa kwa Siberia, Kum'mawa kwa Chukotka, Kamchatka, Okhotia, Sakhalin, kumpoto kwa North America, Greenland. Amamera mu shrubby tundra pamtunda wa hummocky, pamapiri a mchenga, mapiri, m'nkhalango zamitengo ya mkungudza, pamiyala yayitali yamapiri a sphagnum, pamiyala yamiyala.

Mtengo wa masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse 20-30 cm. Limamasula pang'ono, koma pachaka kuyambira chakhumi cha Meyi mpaka pakati pa Juni. Zipatso mosasamala. Mbewu zipsa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Kukula pang'onopang'ono, kukula pachaka pafupifupi 1 cm.

Ledum Largeum (Ledum macrophyllum)

Dziko lakwawo la bagulnik wokhala ndi anthu akuluakulu: Kum'mawa kwa Siberia, Kum'mawa: Sakhalin, Primorye, beseni la Amur; North Korea, Japan (Hokkaido). Amamera m'nkhalango zamapiri zamtchire, m'mapulangwe, m'mphepete mwa miyala yoboola pakati m'nkhalango zamtchire.

Rosemary yayikulu-kamatayala, yofotokozedwa ndi A.I. Tolmachev mu 1953, imadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa Rhododendron Tolmachev (Rhododendron tolmachevii).

Ledum ndi yayikulu-leaved - chitsamba chobiriwira chotalika mpaka 1,3 m. Limamasulidwa kwambiri kuchokera theka lachiwiri la Meyi mpaka zaka zoyambirira za June. Mbewu zipsa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Kukula kwapachaka kwa masentimita 3-4, osachepera 6-8 cm.