Tigridia

Chomera cha bulbousous herbaceous Tigridia (Tigridia) ndi woimira banja Kasatikovye (Iris). Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, mtunduwu umagwirizanitsa mitundu 20-55. Zosiyanasiyana zamtunduwu zimachokera ku Mexico kumpoto mpaka Peru ndi Chile kumwera. Duwa ili limachokera ku liwu Lachilatini tigris (munthawi yakuthengo - tigridis), lomwe potanthauzira limatanthawuza "tiger", makamaka izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mtundu wopindika wa perianth. M'mbuyomu, Aaztec ankakhala ku Mexico, iwo adakula maluwa, chifukwa ali ndi mankhwala. Ku Europe, tigridia idayamba kulimidwa kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16, koma sizinakhalepo zotchuka kwambiri ndi olima munda, nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti chomera chotere chimamasula m'hafu yoyambirira ya tsiku, ndipo duwa limakhala ndi maola 8 okha.

Zambiri za tigridia

Kutalika kwa chitsamba cha tigridia kumatha kutalika kuchokera pa 0,3 mpaka 0,7 m. Chomera chosatha ichi sichitha kukhala ndi mphukira kapena mphukira zosavuta. Masamba odera obiriwira okhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa xiphoid. Pamwamba pa mivi ndi maluwa amodzi, ndipo amathanso kusungidwa muzidutswa ziwiri kapena zitatu. Maluwa ali ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa, ofanana ndi gulugufe wapadera. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi, mkati mwake lomwe limamezeredwa, mbewu za ma angular.

Kubzala kwa Tigridia poyera

Nthawi yobzala

Popeza mababu a tigridia amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi madzi oundana, amayenera kubzalidwa panthaka pokhapokha nyengo yanyengo ikayamba, monga lamulo, nthawi ino imagwera masabata otsiriza a chilimwe kapena chilimwe choyamba. Podzala, muyenera kusankha malo pomwe pali dzuwa. Ndikothekanso kukula chikhalidwe ichi pang'ono pang'ono, komabe, munjira iyi ma pedunansi adzafooka komanso kuwonda, chifukwa chake adzafunika garter kuti athandizidwe. Komanso malowa ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo komanso kuwomba mwadzidzidzi chifukwa chitha kuvulaza maluwa. Dothi loyenera liyenera kukhala lotayirira, lopepuka, lonyowa pang'ono, lopukutidwa bwino komanso losapatsa acid. Nthaka yopakidwa kwambiri imatha kuwongoleredwa mwa kuwonjezera utuchi kapena mchenga kwa iyo.

Malamulo akumalo

Nthawi yomweyo asanadzalemo, kubzala zinthu kwa maola angapo kuyenera kuti kumizidwe mu yankho la mankhwala Maxim (2 milligrams pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Mababu omwe amathandizidwa mwanjira imeneyi adzatetezedwa ku Fusarium, oyera ndi imvi zowola ndi matenda ena. Kutalika kwake kutseka anyezi zimatengera kukula kwake. Mwachitsanzo, anyezi wocheperako amafunika kubzalidwe mozama pafupifupi 50 mm, ndipo zazikulu kwambiri zimayikidwa m'nthaka ndi 100 mm. Pakati pa mababu motsatira, mtunda wa masentimita 15 uyenera kuonedwa, pomwe mtunda pakati pa mizere uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 20 cm. Mbande zoyambirira zimatha kuwoneka pokhapokha masiku 30 mpaka 40, tchire tating'onoting'ono limaphukira mu Ogasiti, koma monga lamulo, alibe nthawi yophulika chisanu, chomwe chiri choyipa kwambiri m'malo mwa mababu. Motere, alimi odziwa zamaluwa amalangiza, asanabzale ma corm mu dothi lotseguka, kuti awakulitse m'nyumba. Kuti tichite izi, m'masiku omaliza a Marichi amaikidwa kuti akhale ozunguliridwa. Zambiri za izi zidzafotokozedwa muchigawo chokomera mbewu iyi.

Kusamalira tigridia m'munda

Kukula tigridia m'munda mwanu ndikosavuta. Afunika kuwonetsetsa kuthilira, kuchotsa, kuvala komanso kumasula dothi pakati pa tchire. Olima odziwa zamaluwa amalangiza kuti athe kuphimba pamalowo ndi mulch wosanjikiza, sichingangopulumutsa nthaka, komanso kuchepetsa kuthirira, kulima ndi kulima. Komanso, zidzakhala zofunikira kuchotsa maluwa omwe ayamba kuzimiririka, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, ikani tchire ku mitengo kapena mitengo.

Momwe mungamwere ndi kudyetsa

Mukadzala m'mundamo, mbewuyi imafunika kuthirira mwadongosolo. Pakulala kwa nthawi yayitali, tchire liyenera kuthiriridwa tsiku lililonse, kwinaku likugwiritsira ntchito kuchuluka kwa madzi kotero kuti dziko lapansi limatha kunyowa mpaka pakuya kwa ma corms. Komanso, ngati chilala chizikhala nthawi yayitali, gawo lakutsogolo la tchire liyenera kupukutidwa ndi madzi otumphukira kuchokera mfuti yolusa usiku.

Ngati pokonzekera kubzala feteleza ofunikira onse adalowetsedwa mu dothi, ndiye kuti mutha kuyiwala za kudyetsa tigridia kufikira kumapeto kwa nyengo. Ngati dothi likhala losauka kapena latha, ndiye kuti tchire lifunika kudyetsedwa kangapo pachaka, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito njira yothira feteleza wovuta (3 magalamu 1 lita imodzi). Kudyetsa kuyenera kuchitika pakadutsa milungu 4 kuchokera pakupezeka masamba ndi nthawi yamasamba.

Thirani

Kuti mbewu zimere msanga, kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, mababu amafunika kuti azikulitsidwa m'zipinda. Ayenera kubzalidwa m'masiku omaliza a Marichi mumphika wokhala ndi dothi losalala. 3 kapena 4 corms amabzalidwa mumphika umodzi nthawi imodzi, pomwe amafunika kuyikidwa m'manda a pansi mamilimita 30. M'masabata oyamba, mababu adzafunika kuthirira pang'ono. Mbewuzo zikayamba kumera, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kuyenera kuchuluka, ziyenera kudziwitsidwa kuti gawo lapansi liyenera kunyowa kufikira pomwe mizu ya corms ili. Ndikwabwino kubzala miphika yokhala ndi zotsekeramo zotheka kubzala corms, ndipo mbale ya mbale iyenera kukhala yokwera kwambiri kuti tigridia ikhoza kupanga kuthirira kotsika. Ndi kuthirira kotero, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a fungus ndi ochepa. Mivi itawonekera, ma tubers okhala ndi ma tubers ayenera kusamutsidwira kumalo abwino owoneka bwino. Kumbukirani kuti zolemba zakonzedwa ndizomera izi. Tikukula poyera dothi la ma cormon awa amachitika m'masiku oyamba a June.

Kuzama kwa dzenje lobzalamo chomera chomwe chadulidwachi kuyenera kukhala kuchokera pa 0,5 mpaka 0.6 m.Pansi pa dzenjelo, malo okumbamo manyowa a mahatchi kapena njerwa zosweka ziyenera kupangidwa, pomwe ukulu wake uyenera kukhala kuchokera pa 0,5 mpaka 0,25 m. Ayala dothi lomata lofanana ndi loyambayo. Kenako ndikofunikira kuyikamo chimangacho, pambuyo pake dzenjelo limadzazidwa ndi dothi labwino. Zomera zouzidwa zimafunika kuthirira kwambiri.

Kuswana tigridia

Zikakhala kuti tchire limayamba kuphuka kuyambira pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimacha chisanu chisanachitike. Mbewu imakololedwa usanayambe kuzizira. Zofesedwa m'nyengo yozizira, pomwe mbewu zobzala kale sizifunikira. Matanki amayeretsedwa m'malo oyera, ofunda (20 mpaka 25 madigiri). Mukamatola mbande, muyenera kusamala kwambiri kuti mupewe kuvulaza mizu yawo. Mbewu zikaleka kupanga ma masamba awiri enieni, ziyenera kuumbika m'miphika umodzi, pomwe zimatengedwa ndi mtanda wina. Kuyambira nthawi yofesa mpaka chiyambi chamaluwa, pafupifupi miyezi 6-7 imadutsa.

Komanso njira zamasamba zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kufalitsa chikhalidwechi. Pakupita kwa nyengo yoyamba, ana pafupifupi asanu osinthika amakula m'chocho. Iyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi babu ya makolo isanabzalidwe, pomwe malo olakwika ndi magawo amayenera kuwazidwa ndi ufa wa malasha, pambuyo pake ana angabzalidwe m'nthaka.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa sangathe kusunga zinthu zobzala za tigridia mpaka masika, chifukwa zambiri zimayenda. Monga lamulo, zowola zimawoneka pa mababu omwe sanakhwime bwino. Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri, musanayambe kukonzekera ma corm, onetsetsani kuti mwacha bwino. Komanso, kwa prophylaxis, ndikofunikira kuti azitsata ma corms musanawaike mu njira iliyonse ya fungicidal, mwachitsanzo: Maxim, Benlat kapena Fundazole.

Chomera chomera mosabisaliraoka chingakhudzidwe ndi nkhanambo kapena dzimbiri. Kuti tipewe izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera masamba ndi zitsamba kapena njira yothira fangayi.

Ngati mbewuyo yakhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwo, ndiye kuti ndizosatheka kuchiritsa, chifukwa masiku ano matenda amtunduwu amadziwika kuti sangathe. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti chithandizidwe chisamaliro chokwanira ndikukula bwino, kuti chikhale champhamvu komanso chopweteka.

Zimbalangondo, ma slgs, kabichi scoops ndi ma thrips amatha kuvulaza tigridia. Pofuna kuphukira mphukira, komanso chimbudzi, pamodzi ndi mbozi zawo, masamba azitsamba ayenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la tizirombo tina tonse. Ma slgs amatengedwa ndi manja kuti athe kugwirira ntchito yawo, zidutswa za matenthedwe kapena matabwa zimayikidwa pamalowo, pomwe nthawi yotentha ambiri mwa ma gastropod amasowa. Chotsani pansi pa nyambo ndikuwononga. Ndipo pazomwe zimapezeka zimbalangondo, ndikofunikira kuthira sopo yankho. Ngati chimbalangondo chikuyesera kuthawa, kutuluka, chikuyenera kugwidwa ndikuwonongedwa.

Tigridia nthawi yachisanu

Kukonzekera kosungirako

Popeza tigridium ndi chomera chotentha, ndizotheka kungochisiya nthawi yachisanu m'malo otentha kum'mwera kotentha. Chifukwa cha kuyambika kwa nthawi yophukira, olima masamba ambiri amachotsa dothi kuti lisungidwe kufikira kasupe, ndipo muyenera kusankha malo abwino, koma kutentha pamenepo sikuyenera kutsikira pansi madigiri 0. Komabe, kukumba ndi kusunga masamba a ndudu za tigridia sikophweka. Kuti zinthu zobzala zisungidwe bwino mpaka kuphukira, ziyenera kukhwima kwathunthu, ndipo chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi yomwe mababu ayenera kuchotsedwa m'nthaka nthawi yophukira. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha masamba onse atatsika pachitsamba. Ngati kuopseza chisanu, koma masamba adakali obiriwira, tikulimbikitsidwa kukumba tchire palimodzi ndi dambo lomerapo, lomwe liyenera kukhala lalikulu mokwanira, kenako limasamutsidwa m'chipinda chozizira komanso chowala bwino. Pokhapokha masamba atasanduka chikasu ndikuwoneka bwino ndizotheka kuthana ndi zinthu zobzala kuti zisungidwe. Kukonzekera kwa corms kosungirako kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa, kutsuka, ndi kupaka njira yothetsera mankhwala Maxim komanso kuyanika mokwanira. Kupatukana kwa ana kuchokera kwa mababu a makolo kuyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa mvula musanabzala, koma osati kugwa.

Malamulo osungira

Ziphuphu zimayenera kuyikidwa mu chidebe chodzazidwa ndi mchenga wouma kapena peat. Amasungidwa kuti azisungidwa m'chipinda chozizira (3-10 degrees) chinyezi chambiri. Komanso, anyezi, ngati angafune, atha kukupinda m'matumba omwe amatsukidwa pa alumali, kuti apangire masamba, omwe amasungidwa mpaka masika. M'nyengo yozizira yonse, musaiwale za mababu, cheke chadongosolo chimayenera kupangidwa, pomwe mababu onse omwe awonongedwa ayenera kutayidwa.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya tigridia

Wamaluwa amalima mtundu umodzi wokha wa chikhalidwe - tigridia peacock (Tigridia pavonia). Mtunduwu umachokera ku Mexico ndi Guatemala. Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kukhala 0,25 mpaka 0,7 m. Pamaso pa ma corms, omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osasamba, ndi ma membranous masamba. Mababu amafika kutalika kwa 60 mm ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 40 mm. Pakutha kwa nyengo yokulira, kutha kwazonse kwa ma corm akale kumawonedwa, komabe, ana amakula m'menemo, omwe amapanga zisa. Mu corm wa kholo, kuchuluka kwa ana ndi masikelo padziko lapansi ndi ofanana. Mapesi a maluwa atatu adzaphuka kuchokera ku babu imodzi, ndipo maluwa pafupifupi asanu aliwonse amapanga uliwonse wa iwo. Magawo okhala ndi masamba obiriwira otalika obiriwira okhala ndi xiphoid. Maluwa, mulifupi mwake mpaka masentimita 10-15, amakhala ndi lobes 6, akutseguka mosiyanasiyana. Mu perianth, lobes yakunja imakhala utoto wa lalanje-violet kapena wofiyira wokhazikika, ndipo ma lobalo amkati sakulimba ngati akunja, ali ndi utoto wamtambo wamtundu wa lalanje, ngati pharynx. Maluwa a Tigridium mu Julayi-Ogasiti, pomwe chiyembekezo cha maluwa aliwonse ndi maola 8-10. Kwakukulu, kutalika kwa maluwa kumakhala pafupifupi masabata 2-3,5. Mitengo yamunda:

1. Alba. Maluwawo ndi oyera, ndipo pamaso pawo pali malo ofiira.
2. Aurea. Pamaso pa maluwa achikasu achikuda pali masamba a carmine.
3. Carminea. Maluwa ndi lalanje, wokutidwa ndi ma chikaso.
4. Lilacea. Pa maluwa ofiira ofiira ndi mawanga a carmine.
5. Rosalind. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi wotuwa pinki.
6. Canariensis. Maluwa achikasu amakhala ndi malo ofiira ofiira.
7. Specialties. Utoto wa maluwawo ndi ofiira ofiira, ndipo pamaso pawo pali mawonekedwe achikasu.

Kusakaniza kosakaniza kwa Tigridia Ferraria ndikotchuka kwambiri: kutalika kwa chitsamba kuli pafupifupi 0,6 m, masamba a tsamba ali ndi mawonekedwe a xiphoid, maluwa ali masentimita 15 kudutsa, mawonekedwe awo akunja amakhala olimba (mtundu wa lilac-pink, oyera, ofiira, lalanje kapena wachikasu) , pamiyala itatu yamkati pali mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Akatswiri osankha amagwiritsa ntchito tigridia ya ku Mexico yokhala ndi maluwa achikasu, tubrigridia yokhala ndi maluwa ofiira ndi lilac buluu tigridia celeriana pantchito yawo. Ndipo amagwiritsanso ntchito mitundu ina yomwe siimadzilima yokha popanda kulima dimba.