Cotoneaster - mnzake wa quince

Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster) - mtundu wa zitsamba zophatikiza, nthawi zambiri - mitengo yaying'ono ya banja la Pinki (Rosaceae) Dongosolo Lachilatini la cotoneaster limachokera ku Greek "cotonea" - quince ndi 'aster' - wokhala ndi mawonekedwe, ofanana ndi masamba a quince amodzi mwa mitundu ya cotoneaster.

Cotoneaster - wosakhwima kapena wobiriwira nthawi zonse, zitsamba zokhala ndi nthambi zambiri, zofala kwambiri pakuwonekera kwa mizinda kumbali ya ku Russia ku Russia, makamaka m'malo ozungulira. Masamba amakhala aing'anga, osavuta, osinthika, ozungulira, ovate, obiriwira amdima m'chilimwe, reddling m'dzinja. Maluwa ndi oyera kapena ofiira, ang'ono, azikopa, mabulashi kapena payekha.

Zipatso ndizochepa, zofiira kapena zakuda. Kukula pang'onopang'ono. Mu malo okhazikika amakhala motalika, zaka zopitilira 50. Osati kusamutsa koyipa ndikusintha kwa mzinda. Mitundu ili ndi mitundu 40.

Cotoneaster. © Zojambulajambula za Hornet

Chokopa chachikulu cha cotoneaster ndi kuphatikiza kwa nthambi zamphamvu, masamba apachiyambi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakukula (kuchokera kumanzere kupita ku zokwawa). Maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera kapena amtundu wapinki sakukongoletsa kwambiri, koma ndi mbewu zabwino za uchi.

Korona wofiyira wamasamba obiriwira amdima omwe amabowera m'dzinja amayamikiridwa. Izi zitsamba ndizofunikira kwambiri pakumanga ma hedge, chifukwa zimapangika mosavuta, zimasunga mawonekedwe awo ndikusintha zina nthawi ina iliyonse nyengo. Kuphatikiza apo, kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kukongoletsa kwawo kumathandizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zipatso zofiira kapena zakuda, zokutira nthambi nthawi yayitali. Zipatsozo siziri poizoni ndipo zimakopa mbalame.

Cotoneaster ndi yolimba komanso yosagwira chilala. Amakula bwino mikhalidwe yamzindawu, popeza ndi fumbi komanso mpweya osagwira, safunikira kwambiri chonde ndi chinyezi. Amakula bwino m'kuwala komanso pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, zomwe zimafunikira stratization, komanso zigawo, kudula ndi kumalumikiza. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu wa peyala. Mitundu ina nthawi zina imawonongeka chifukwa cha zobera za maapulo wobiriwira, zisa za mbewa yoyera, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, sawflies, nthata za cotoneaster.

Mitundu yambiri imatha kulimbikitsidwa m'magulu okongoletsera, obzala m'malo otsetsereka, otsetsereka, osunga makhoma ndi otsetsereka m'mapiri, chifukwa hedges, komabe, ndi mitundu yochepa yokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe.

Cotoneaster. © Wendy Cutler

Mitundu itatu - cotoneaster yokongola, yam'madzi ndi yokhala ndi zipatso zonse - imakhala yolimba kwambiri yozizira ndipo imagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyengo nyengo yapakati ku Russia.

Kukula Zinthu

Malo: khalani bwino kumadera okhala ndi zofunda zonse, komanso kulekerera pang'ono.

Dothi: chonde ndi chinyezi sizikukula. Komabe, nthaka yotsatirayi ikulimbikitsabe: turf land, kompositi ya peat, mchenga mulingo wa 2: 1: 2. Mulone wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri amafunika 300 g / sq. m

Tikufika: mtunda pakati pa mbewu 0.5 - 2 m kutengera kutalika kwa chisoti cha chomera wamkulu. Kubzala mozama 50 - 70 cm, khosi mizu pamunsi. Drainage ndiyofunika (miyala kapena njerwa yosweka, wosanjikiza 10 -20 cm).

Cotoneaster. © Lotus Johnson

Chisamaliro: kasupe amapanga feteleza wathunthu: Kemiru-universal kuchokera kuwerengera kwa 100 - 120 g pa 1 sq km. mamita kapena 20-30 g wa urea pa 10 malita a madzi. M'chilimwe pamaso maluwa kupereka granular superphosphate 60 g / sq. m ndi 10 - 15 g / sq. m potaziyamu sulfate. Mitundu yambiri ya cotoneaster ndi yolekerera chilala ndipo sikutanthauza kuthirira, kapena imangofunikira m'chilimwe chouma kwambiri, nthawi 1-2 pamwezi, malita 8 amadzi pachomera chilichonse. Kumasulira kumachitika osaya (10 - 15 cm) mutachotsa namsongole. Mutabzala mbande, mulching imachitidwa ndi peat, wosanjikiza masentimita 5-8. Mitengo ya Cotoneaster ikugwera kutengulira, mipanda yolimba yotalika kumtunda imapangidwa. Pambuyo pokonza, zimakula kwambiri, ndikusunga mawonekedwe a kukula. Kuchepetsa kumaloledwa 1/3 ya kutalika kwa mphukira yapachaka. Cotoneaster hibernate yokhala ndi chivundikiro chowala ndi tsamba lowuma kapena peat wosanjikiza wa 3 - 6 cm kapena pansi pa chipale chofewa. Nthawi zina nthawi yozizira, nthambi zimagwada pansi kuteteza maluwa ku chisanu.

Kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda

Fusarium Chotsani ndikuwotcha mbali zina zamera. Tetezani mankhwala m'nthaka kapena sinthani malo obzala matendawa ndi kufalikira kwamatenda
Chimbalangondo chachikaso chimamenyedwa mwa kupopera mbewuzi ndi mankhwala aliwonse a organophosphorous.
Against nsabwe za m'masamba - kuphukira koyambirira kwa masika ndi DNOC kapena nitrafen. Mu mphutsi, amathiridwa ndi kalbofos, metaphos, nyanga, saifos. Ngati ndi kotheka, bwerezani kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Mwa infusions wazomera, wakuda bii, kufulumira, malimba a mbatata, yarrow, shag, etc. amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Motsutsana ndi njenjete, mutatha maluwa komanso nthawi yotentha, amatsanulidwa ndi amiphos, karbofos (0,1 - 0,4%) kapena nyanga (0,2%). Zothandiza kwambiri ndi fosalon (0.2%) kapena gardon (0.1 -0.35%). Pa maluwa, entobacterin imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ikuchitika kawiri kapena katatu kukonza ndi gawo la masiku 12-14.

Kuswana

Cotoneaster wofalitsidwa ndi mbewu, magawo, odulidwa, kumalumikiza. Mbewu, monga lamulo, zimamera pang'ono kwambiri (40 - b0%). Mbeu zosalimba zimayandama ndikatsukidwa ndikuyenera kutayidwa. Mbewu zotsala ziyenera kufesedwa ndikukumbukira kuti zimakhala nthawi yayitali komanso kumera zovuta. Ayenera kulumikizidwa ndikufesedwa kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa.

Cotoneaster. © liz kumadzulo

Mukafalitsa mabulidwe obiriwira, kuchuluka kwamizu kumachitika ngati zodulazo zaphimbidwa ndi filimu. Nthawi yabwino yolumikizira ndi theka lachiwiri la Julayi. Gawo laling'ono limakhala ndi chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga, wotengedwa wofanana.

Gwiritsani ntchito

Zitsamba zamtengo wapatali kwambiri chifukwa cha korona wandiweyani, masamba obiriwira amdima komanso zipatso zambiri zowala zomwe zimasungidwa nthawi yayitali. Chimalimbikitsidwa m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, magulu, ikamatera patali pa udzu, ma curbs ndi mipanda yolimba. Mitundu ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito popondera pamiyala, pathanthwe, pamtsetse.

Mitundu

Cotoneaster wanzeru (Cotoneaster lucidus)

Dziko lokhalamo mitundu iyi ndi Siberia YakuMawa. Imakula mosawerengeka kapena m'magulu tchire. Photophilous mesophyte, microtherm, mesotroph, assector of shrub magulu ndipo, kawirikawiri, undergrowth m'nkhalango zachuma. Pa chikhalidwe kulikonse.

Masamba owondera, owongoka, opindika, mpaka 2 m wamtali, wokhala ndi mphukira zazing'ono zazing'ono. Masamba a eylliptical amaloledwa, mpaka 5 cm, chonyezimira pamwamba, zobiriwira zakuda, zofiirira m'dzinja. Maluwa a pinki amatengedwa mu lotakasuka, 3-8-maluwa, inflorescence wa corymbose. Limamasamba mu Meyi - June kwa masiku 30. Pafupifupi pang'ono, zipatso zakuda ndizokongoletsa, zonyezimira, zokhala ndi maonekedwe ofiira, opanda thupi; zimakhala pamtchire mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Zipatso zaka 4.

Cotoneaster wanzeru (Cotoneaster lucidus). © obp

Wosakhazikika nthawi yozizira, wosaganizira dothi, wolekerera mthunzi. Kufalikira kwa mbewu ndi zipatso. Mbewu zimafunikira stratization ya miyezi 12-15, yomwe imatha kuchepetsedwa ndikuwathandiza kwa mphindi 5-20 ndi sulfure acid, kenako ndikutsatiridwa kwa miyezi 1-3. Mulingo wa 5 g / sq. m

Chimodzi mwazitsamba zabwino kwambiri zopangira mipanda yoluka, komanso kubzala pagulu pamipanda, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, ngati chitsa. Ndizoyenera kumata mizinda pafupifupi Russia. Pa chikhalidwe kuyambira pachiyambi cha zaka za XIX.

Cotoneaster Aronia (Cotoneaster melanocarpus)

Ili ndi nthawi yozizira ku Russia. Kuthengo, imakula kwambiri kuyambira ku Central Europe kupita kumpoto kwa China, kuphatikiza Caucasus ndi Central Asia, m'nkhalango zowala komanso m'mapiri otsetsereka, kukwera kudera lamapiri. Chimamera m'nkhalango zamitengo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, chimatenga nawo gawo popanga shrubbery pamiyala ndi miyala. Photophilous mesophyte, microtherm, mesotroph, assector wa undergrowth wa shrubbery. Chimatetezedwa m'malo osungika.

Chitsamba ichi mpaka mpaka mamita 2 ndi mphukira zofiirira, ngati mtundu wam'mbuyomu, chimakhala ndi zipatso zakuda, koma chimasiyana masamba. Ovate amasiyira 4.5 masentimita, zobiriwira zakuda pamwambapa, zokhala zoyera pansi, zokhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino. Kuyambira kuyambira zaka 5, pachimake chimabala ndipo chimabala zipatso pachaka. Maluwa amatenga pafupifupi masiku 25, maluwa apinki amapezeka m'mizeremizere ya masamba 5 ~ 12 pazipikisano, ndikupanga maburashi otayirira. Zipatso zopindika, zakupsa mu Seputembara ndi Okutobala, zimayamba kutuluka pang'onopang'ono mpaka kukhala zakuda ndimaluwa.

Cotoneaster Aronia (Cotoneaster melanocarpus)

Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu, yosasamala dothi ndi chinyezi, imamera bwino m'malo otetezeka komanso m'malo amatauni. Zimalekerera mosavuta kupatsirana, kufalikira ndi zodulidwa ndi mbewu. Pa chikhalidwe kuyambira 1829, ogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maunda, osawerengeka - m'minda umodzi ndi yamagulu. Fomu yokongoletsera yodziwika (f. Laxiflora) yokhala ndi maluwa othinana otulutsa maluwa ndi masamba akulu. Kuphatikiza pa zokongoletsera, mtunduwu ndi mbewu yabwino ya uchi, ndipo nkhuni zake zolimba zimagwira ntchito ngati zimbalangondo, mapaipi ndi zaluso zina.

Cotoneaster yathunthu kapena wamba (Cotoneaster integerrimus)

Mwachilengedwe, imapezeka ku mabungwe a Baltic kumpoto mpaka North Caucasus - kumwera. Imakula m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri ndi talus, kumapeto kwa miyala yamchenga, timiyala ndi miyala yamiyala. Photophilous xeromesophyte, microtherm, mesotroph, assector shrubbery. Chimatetezedwa m'malo osungika. Mu chikhalidwe kawirikawiri.

Chitsamba chokhazikika, champhamvu kwambiri, chofupika mpaka 2 m wamtali, wokhala ndi korona. Ana akuwombera ndi ubweya woterera, pambuyo pake - wamaliseche. Shirokooyaytsevidnye, mpaka 5 cm, masamba pamwamba ndi obiriwira amdima, onyezimira, osalala, amaso oderera. Maluwa ofiira otuwa mu mabrashi amtambo wa maluwa 2-4. Zipatso zake zimakhala zofiira kwambiri, mpaka 1 cm.

Zofunikira za nthaka yotsika, zopangidwa bwino pa calcareous. Osiyanasiyana kutentha yozizira. Chimakula bwino m'malo otentha, chilala komanso mpweya. Imagwira kwambiri zipatso zomwe zimapitilira mpaka nthawi yophukira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala m'magulu, mipanda, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mizinda ya kumpoto ndi pakati Russia. Pa chikhalidwe kuyambira 1656.

Mitundu yotsatirayi - cotoneaster yoyera-yokhala ndi mitundu yambiri, yokhala ndi burashi ndi pinki - imafunidwa kwambiri pakusankha malowa, nthawi yachisanu kwambiri imatha kuwuma pang'ono, koma imapulumutsidwa kuimfa mwaukadaulo wokonzanso.

Cotoneaster multiflorum (Cotoneaster multiflorus)

Imapezeka zachilengedwe ku Caucasus, ku Central Asia ndi Western Siberia, ku Western China. Imakula mosiyanasiyana kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono m'nkhalango, komanso zitsamba. Photophilous mesophyte, micromezotherm, mesotroph, assector wa undergrowth wa shrubbery. Chimatetezedwa m'malo osungika. Imapezeka mchikhalidwe m'minda ya botanical ku Europe.

Sub-evergreen shrub mpaka 3 m wamtali, wocheperako, wamva-pubescent muubwana, nthambi zopindika. Masamba otambalala okwanira mazira mpaka 5cm, kutuwa kwa silika kumapeto kwa chaka, mtundu wobiriwira wamdima m'chilimwe, wofiirira wofiirira. Wosakhazikika poyerekeza ndi buloneaster wanzeru. Maluwa akuluakulu oyera (mpaka 1 cm), ofanana ndi maluwa a mabulosi akutchire, amasonkhanitsidwa mu b - 20 mu inflorescence ya corymbose ndikuwapangitsa kukhala othandiza kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa kuyambira masiku 16 mpaka 25. Mitundu yofiyira, yochulukirapo, yopanda zipatso imathandizira kukongoletsa kwake pakugwa. Zipatso zaka 5-6. Zipatso zimapsa mu Ogasiti.

Kulekerera chisanu ndi chilala. Kuti chitukule bwino, pamafunika nthaka yachonde komanso yondowe. Kufalikira ndi mbewu. Miyezo ya 4-6 g pa mita. Zabwino kwambiri pamtunda wokha komanso m'nkhalango. Kuyambira 1879, imagawidwa kumadera onse aku Europe ku Russia.

Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster racemiflorus)

Ndikulonjeza pakati Russia. Sidziwika kwambiri pachikhalidwe kuposa mitundu yakale.

Ichi ndi chitsamba chofika mpaka 3 m, chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba a pansi pake amaphimbidwa ndi mawonekedwe oyera oyera oyera. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera amtundu wapinki amatengedwa mu inflorescence mwa zidutswa za 7-12, kuphimba tchire lonse mu Meyi. Maluwa oyamba amapezeka ali ndi zaka 4. Mu Ogasiti, zipatso zambiri zamtundu wowoneka bwino kapena zopindika ngati mtundu wowoneka bwino zipse, chitsamba chimakula kwambiri. Zipatsozo sizigwa pambuyo poti masamba agwa ndikukangamira pachitsamba mpaka chisanu choyamba.

Kuyembekezera ndemanga zanu!