Machitidwe

Dhezia ndi mtengo wamphepo womwe ungakhale wobiriwira nthawi zonse. Chomera ichi ndi cha banja la hydrangea. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu pafupifupi 50 yazomera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatha kupezeka mwachilengedwe ku East Asia, Mexico ndi Himalayas. Chapakati pake adayamba kubzala posachedwa, koma adayamba kukondana ndi wamaluwa chifukwa cha maluwa owoneka bwino komanso ataliatali. Mitundu yaku Japan ndi Himalayan yoyesedwa idalowa kumayiko aku Europe ndi amalonda achi Dutch kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Koma alimi ku Europe adaphunzira za mitundu yaku China kokha kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19.

Mtengowu udatchedwa K. Tunberg. Autcha dzina la a Johann asesa Deitz, yemwe anali meya wa Amsterdam, komanso anali wothandizira paulendo wopita ku East Europe. Mtengowu umapeza chikondi chochulukirapo kwa olima dimba chaka chilichonse, chifukwa uli ndi mitundu yambiri komanso mitundu yosiyana osati mtundu, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa, komanso kukula kwa chitsamba.

Zochita

Chitsamba cha mbewu ngati imeneyi chimatha kukhala chamtopola kapena kupindika. Kutalika kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0.4 mpaka 4 metres. Ma plates masamba amapezeka molakwika. Tchire limawoneka lofanana kwambiri ndi honeysuckle mpaka maluwa atayamba. Maluwa amafalikira kumapeto kwa chaka chatha. Ambiri mwa maluwa otuwa kapena oyera omwe alibe fungo amawonekera pach chitsamba. Iwo ali gawo la apical inflorescences mu mawonekedwe a burashi. Zaka zomwe munthu amakhala atakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 25. Zipatsozo ndi bokosi.

Momwe mungabzalale poyera

Kubzala

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti igwetse ntchitoyi m'nyengo yamasika. Panthawi yomwe dziko lapansi layamba kale kumeza, koma impso sizinayambe kutseguka. Mmera wokhala ndi mizu yotsekedwa ungabzalidwe isanayambe nyengo yotentha. Musanapitilize ndikupanga mwachindunji, ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera izi. Madera otseguka ndioyenererana bwino ndi chitsamba ichi, ndipo mutatha kudya nkhomaliro, kuwongola dzuwa sikugwire panthambi. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti ntchitoyi imakumana ndi vuto lamkuntho. Dziko lapansi siliyenera kukhala louma, lopanda madzi komanso okhala ndi michere yambiri. Kusakaniza kwabwino kwabwino kwambiri ndi dothi lophatikizana ndi kompositi ya peat, humus ndi mchenga, womwe umatengedwa muyezo wa 1: 2: 2. Zikakhala kuti dothi lomwe linali kubzala ndi losiyana kwambiri ndi zofunika, ndiye kuti kusakanikirana kwa dothi kumeneku kuyenera kutsanulidwa mu dzenje lokonzekereratu. Komanso chitsamba chimafunika dothi la zamchere pang'ono. Zikachitika kuti ndi acidic kwambiri, ndiye nthawi yobzala ndikofunikira kuwonjezera 300 magalamu a mandimu a hydrate kwa iye.

Mbande

Ndikofunikira kusankha mmera mumasitolo apadera mosamala mokwanira. Muyenera kuwona kuti zimayambira zilibe zowonongeka zazikulu, zizindikiro za matenda, ndipo muyenera kuyang'ananso momwe impso zilili. Mbande zomwe zili mumgulitsa zimagulitsidwa pang'ono mtengo kuposa zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu yotseguka. Koma dziwani kuti kuti mbande zomwe zili mumtsuko ndizosatheka kuyang'ana momwe mizu iliri, kuti iwonongeke, iwowoze kapena iume kwambiri. Mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotseguka iyenera kugulidwa nthawi yomweyo isanabzalidwe, pomwe mizu iyenera kukulungidwa ndi pepala lozama pakamayendedwe. Musanabzale chomera, ndikofunikira kudula nthambi zovulazidwa, kufupikitsa mizu mpaka masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Zikakhala kuti mizu yake ndi youma, ndiye kuti ndiyenera kumiza kwa maola awiri atatu mumtsuko wodzaza ndi dothi, ndipo lita imodzi ya manganese potaziyamu ya pinki iyenera kuthiramo.

Zowongolera

Mukazindikira chochita, malamulo ena ayenera kutsatiridwa. Chifukwa chake, mutabzala, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti kuchokera pachitsamba ichi kupita ku chomera chilichonse kapena china chilichonse payenera kukhala mtunda wa mita osachepera 2.5. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chitsamba chachikulire ndichachikulu. Kuzama kwa dzenjelo kuyenera kuchokera pa mita 0,4 mpaka 0,5, pansi pake ndikofunikira kuyika dongo, lomwe limatha kupangidwa ndi mchenga kapena njerwa yosweka. Pambuyo pake, mizu ya chochitikacho iyenera kuyikidwamo, kenako ikadzazidwa ndi kusakaniza kwa dothi, komwe kukufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pamwambapa, pomwe kuchokera pamenepo muyenera kutsanulira kuchokera 100 mpaka 125 magalamu a nitrophosphate. Mukamaliza kubzala, muzu wamizu wa mbewu uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi nthaka kapena kuyika masentimita angapo m'nthaka. Mutabzala, dothi liyenera kukumbukiridwa, ndipo chitsamba chiyenera kuthiriridwa. Pa shrub, ndikofunikira kufupikitsa masamba onse kuti akhale ndi masamba a 3-5, izi zimapangitsa kuti chomera chikhale champhamvu. Danga loyandikira liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mulch (peat), pomwe kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala mainchesi 5.

Kusamalira Ntchito

Palibe chovuta kusamalira chitsamba chotere, pomwe mulch wosanjikiza adzapulumutsa gawo la ntchitoyi. Deytsiya amakumana ndi vuto lothirira madzi, chifukwa chake liyenera kuthiriridwa moperewera. Ndikokwanira kuthirira 1 pa sabata, pomwe malita 10 amadzi apita kuthengo limodzi. Panthawi yotentha, madziwo ayenera kuwonjezeredwa mpaka malita 20 pachitsamba chilichonse. Chiyambire theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti, mmera suthiranso madzi. Mukathirira, muyenera kumasula dothi lakuya masentimita 20 mpaka 25, ndikuchotsa udzu wonse. Kudyetsa kumachitika nthawi imodzi m'milungu inayi, chifukwa malita atatu amadzimadzi amathiridwa pansi pachitsamba chilichonse. Nyengo, ndikofunikira kudyetsa izi ndi feteleza wophatikiza (pachitsamba kuchokera ku 120 mpaka 150 magalamu) kamodzi kokha. Amadyetsa mbewu pokhapokha maluwa.

Thirani

Kuyika chitsamba ichi ndizotheka mchaka chokha. Zowonadi ndi zakuti fanizo wofesedwa nthawi ina pachaka alibe nthawi yozika mizu isanayambike nyengo yachisanu. Mtengowo uyenera kukumbidwa mosamala, pomwe dothi lapansi pamizu siliyenera kuwonongeka. Tchire liyenera kukumbidwa kuzungulira gawo la momwe korona wake limakhalira, limachotsedwa pansi komanso mizu ndi dothi lapansi. Kenako imasunthidwa ku kabowo kakang'ono komwe kamayenera kukonzedwa pasadakhale, pomwe pamafunika kuthira 20 mpaka 30 magalamu a feteleza wophatikizira am'mimbamo. Kudzaza dzenje, gawo lomweli liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nthawi yobzala, pomwe liyenera kupangidwira bwino, ndipo chomera chiyenera kuthiriridwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa nthambi zonse zachikale, kuti zonsezo ziyenera kudulidwa kuti zikhale 1/3. Pankhaniyi, bwalo loyandikira liyenera kuwazidwa ndi mulch (peat). Ngati tchire ndi laling'ono, ndiye kuti lidzadwala msanga, koma chitsamba chokulirapo chimapweteketsa nthawi yayitali.

Kukonza zochita

Kusamalira chomera choterocho kumaphatikizapo kudulira nthawi zonse. Zochitazo ziyenera kudulidwa kawiri pamsika - kasupe ndi yophukira. M'dzinja, nthambi zomwe zikutuluka chaka chino ziyenera kudulidwa pansi kapena kuphukira koyamba mwamphamvu. Muyenera kuchotsanso nthambi zakale ndi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti koronayu azikula. Pamodzi ndi kudulira kwaukhondo, kuwumba korona kumachitidwanso. Pakatikati, muyenera kufupikitsa nthambi zomwe zauma, ndikuchotsanso ovulala. Zikatero kuti nthawi yachisanu chitsamba chitha kuwonongeka kwambiri komanso nthambi zambiri zikuphwanyidwa, ndiye kuti ndikofunika kudula chomera "ndi chitsa". Kudulira kwa ukalamba kumachitidwanso chimodzimodzi.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Shrub imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kumatenda komanso tizilombo tina zovulaza. Nthawi zambiri, bumblebee proboscis, yomwe imakhala pamapepala ochitapo kanthu, imatha kuvulaza. Muyenera kukonza chitsamba ndi yankho la Karbofos kapena Phthalophos, omwe ayenera kukhala khumi ndi asanu peresenti.

Chitachitika maluwa

Pakatikati pa maluwa, momwe zimapangidwira zimangokhala zodabwitsa, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuti maluwa pachomera amatha nthawi yayitali. Komabe, nthawi ikubwera, ndipo imatha, ndipo apa, osati kutali ndi chisanu. Mukabzala chitsamba, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti kukana kwake kuzizira kumakhala kotsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti maluwa amawoneka kokha pa mphukira za chaka chatha, ayenera kutetezedwa ku chisanu, momwe angathere. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo sichimaphuka chaka chamawa. M'malo omwe nyengo yotentha imakhala yofewa ndipo chipale chofewa chimagwa, sikofunikira kuphimbira chitsamba, koma nthambi zake zimafunikirabe kugwa pansi.

Samalirani zomwe zikuchitika kumaderalo

M'malo omwe nyengo yachisanu imakhala yozizira kapena chipale chofewa, malo ogona nthawi yachisanu amafunikira. Komabe, chivundikiro cha chipale chokha sichingateteze mbewuyi ku chisanu. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito pogona pouma kuti akonzere chitsamba chotere nthawi yachisanu. Kuti muchite izi, chitsambachi chikuyenera kugwada pansi ndikukhazikika. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kupanga chimango pamwamba pake. Pamwamba pa chimango ayenera kuwazidwa ndi wosanjikiza masamba owuma kapena kuponyedwa ndi nthambi za mizere yazipatso. Kuchokera pamwambapa, chilichonse chimakutidwa ndi lutrasil, ndipo filimu ya polyethylene imatambasulidwa pamwamba pake. Izi ndizofunikira kuti madzi asalowe mkati. Njira yogona imeneyi ndi yabwino kwa zitsamba zachichepere, chifukwa nthambi zake zimapinda pansi mosavuta. Ngati chitsamba ndi chachikulire, ndiye kuti chikuyenera kumangiriza zolimba ndi twine kapena twine. Pamwamba pa tchire cholumikizidwa, ndikofunikira kukulunga ndi chophimba chomwe chimalola kuti mpweya udutse (burlap, spanbond kapena lutrasil). Izi zithandizira kuteteza mbewu kuti zisazizidwe, pomwe masamba sangayimbe.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yochitira ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mitundu ingapo ndi mitundu yakuchitapo kanthu imalimidwa kumapeto kwapakati, pomwe ina ili yotchuka.

Mchitidwe wa Amurian, kapena wamaluwa yaying'ono (Deutzia amurensis)

Chomera ichi chimapezeka ku China, North Korea ndi Far East. Ku Russia, mbewu iyi imatetezedwa m'malo ambiri osungira. Imakonda kukulira m'nkhalango za coniferous-deciduous ndi oak, pomwe imatha kukumana pamtunda wamtunda wa pafupifupi 1.4 miliyoni mamilimita. Chomera choterocho ndi chitsamba chowongolera, mawonekedwe ngati chitsamba chomwe chikuphuka. Kutalika, kumatha kufika masentimita 200. Nthambi zimakutidwa ndi makungwa a bulauni, omwe pambuyo pake amasintha mtundu wake kukhala imvi. Kutalika kwa masamba opendekeka mosiyanasiyana ndi pafupifupi masentimita 6; ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Pansi pake, ndizowumbidwa, ndipo zimaloza kumtunda, kosanjidwa bwino, mbali zonse ziwiri pali kupindika. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, iwo amakhala obiriwira kapena mtundu wa phulusa wobiriwira, komanso wachikasu kapena chikasu m'miyezi yophukira. Multifloral inflorescence a corymbose mawonekedwe m'mimba mwake amafika masentimita 7. Mulinso maluwa oyera, osanunkhira bwino. Zomera zimatulutsa masiku 20, ndikuyamba maluwa m'masiku otsiriza a June. Zipatsozi zimakhala zopanda pake komanso zopaka utoto wachikasu, zimawoneka ngati mabokosi pafupifupi owoneka bwino. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi chikondi chinyezi komanso kuwala, komanso kukana chilala, mipweya ndi utsi. Chomera chikukula mwachangu, chimayamba kutulutsa pang'ono pang'ono.

Deytsia wachisomo (Deutzia gracilis)

Malo omwe mbewuyo idabadwira ndi mapiri a Japan. Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kusiyana 50 mpaka 150 cm. Tchire limakhala ndi mawonekedwe wozungulira, nthambi zoonda. Limamasula bwino kwambiri. Masamba a masamba ndi oblong-lanceolate mawonekedwe, amawongolera ndipo amaloza pamwamba, m'mphepete sizofanana. Amakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 6 ndipo amapaka utoto wonyezimira. Pansi pa pepalali mulibe maliseche, ndipo kutsogolo kuli tsitsi labwinobwino. Maluwa ndi oyera, ndi gawo limodzi la maluwa otumphukira amitundu mitundu, omwe amafika pafupifupi masentimita 9 kutalika. Maluwa amayamba theka lachigawo la Julayi, pomwe nthawi yake ndi masiku 35.

Zoyipa, zooneka ngati nyenyezi (Deutzia scabra)

Koyambira kuchokera ku Japan ndi China. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chokoma ndi pafupifupi masentimita 250. Mtundu wa khungulo lotuwa ndi nthawi ndi lofiirira kapena lofiirira. Kutalika kwa masamba a masamba obiriwira ndi masentimita 3-8. Pamaso pawo pali tsitsi laling'ono labwino kwambiri lomwe limapereka tsamba kukakala. Mtunduwu, maluwa amayamba mochedwa kuposa ena onse. Kutalika kwa maburashi, okhala ndi maluwa oyera kapena ofiira, ndi masentimita 12. Zochita pachimake kuyambira masiku 15 mpaka 20. Mitundu yokongoletsa:

Terry. Mkati mwa maluwa awiriwa ndi loyera, ndipo kunja ndi pinki.
Zoyera koyera. Ili ndi maluwa oyera awiri.
Watererera. Maluwa mkati ndi oyera, ndipo gawo lakunja ndi carmine.
Pinki Terry. Pali maluwa a pinki. Fomuyi imalimbana kwambiri ndi chisanu.
White point. Ndi madontho oyera oyera pambale ya masamba.

Mchitidwewo ndiwokongola, kapena wokongola kwambiri (Deutzia magnifica)

Chomera chosakanizidwa ichi chinabadwa chifukwa cha kudutsa kwa Vilmoren ndi machitidwe aukali. Kutalika, chitsamba chomata chimafika pafupifupi masentimita 250. Masamba a masamba ndi omata, ovoid. Maluwa oyera oyera ndi gawo limodzi la maambulera inflorescence, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi masentimita 10. Maluwa ndi ochulukirachulukirachulukira, malinga ndi kulemera kwa inflorescence, nthambi zimapeza uta. Zomera zimayamba kuphuka mu Julayi, ndi nthawi yamaluwa pafupifupi masiku 20. Malingaliro awa ndi amodzi okongola kwambiri.

Zochita moleza mtima (Deutzia longifolia)

Kutalika kwa tchire kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 200 sentimita. Pamwamba pa mphukira pamakhala kupindika. Masamba amatalika pafupifupi masentimita 12; amawongoleredwa bwino m'mphepete. Ndiwobiriwira wakuda kumbali yakutsogolo, ndipo imayera imvi kuchokera kumulu ndi mbali yolakwika. Madontho a maluwa a lilac-pinki ndi pafupifupi mamilimita 25; mu masamba ndi ofiirira. Maluwa amayamba pakati pa Julayi. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Veitch ya masamba obiriwira; maluwa ake amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda.

Dhezia Lemoine (Deutzia x akaleinei)

Wosakanizidwa uyu adawonekera chifukwa chodutsa chochita chisomo komanso yaying'ono. Kutalika, chitsamba chimafika pafupifupi masentimita 200. Limamasula bwino kwambiri komanso mokongola. Maluwa oyera oyera ali ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 20 mm, pomwe ali gawo la inflorescence yaying'ono, kutalika kwake ndi mainchesi 10. Maluwa ndi okongola, opusa komanso lalitali, ndipo mbewuyo imakana kugwa chisanu. Mitundu yokongoletsa kwambiri:

Belle de nege. Kutalika kwa tchire kuli pafupifupi ma sentimita 150. Maluwa oyera amakhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 25 mm.
Mont adadzuka. Chitsamba chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 250. Maluwa ndi akulu ndi amtundu wa pinki. Mphepete mwa miyala ya pamakhalayi imakutidwa kuti ma anthers achikasu aziwoneka.
Pinki pompom. Mtundu watsopano. Maluwa ndi carmine, ndipo maluwa ndi ofiira pinki. Ali m'gulu la inflorescence yosalala.