Mawonekedwe a tomato omwe akukula

Phwetekere ndizomera zamasamba zodziwika bwino pakati pa anthu okhala chilimwe chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso phindu lochuluka la zipatso m'zakudya za anthu. Tomato tsopano ali ngati chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri azimayi ambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mosavuta komanso mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zonse ziwiri zosaphika ndi zam'chitini. Tomato wokula ali ndi mawonekedwe ake kuti apange mbewu yapamwamba. Aganizire mwatsatanetsatane ndikuwonetsa zofunikira pa gawo lililonse.

Mbewu

Musanafotokozere momwe mungakulitsire tomato moyenera, muyenera kuyimitsa pa imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mbeu. Kusankhidwa kwa mbewu ndi imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakupeza tomato. Kuposa theka lopambana pakukula kwawo zimatengera izi. Mbeu zimakhala ndi kuthekera konse kwa mbewu, zomwe zimatha kuzindikirika mu nthawi yake.

Mukamasankha mbewu za phwetekere, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

mbiri ya wopanga (kampani yomwe yadzikhazikitsa bwino kwa zaka zingapo imangolongedza mbewu zapamwamba zokha, zitha kukhala zodula, koma izi zipereka mwayi wopeza mbewu ndi zipatso zomwe zafotokozedwa phukusi);
kuyenerera kwa dera lomwe likukula (pagawo lililonse mwa magawo 12 opepuka pali mitundu ndi ma hybrids, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kugula mbewu kumalo omwe akuwonetsedwa, koma pali zomwe zimapangidwira minda yomwe ingalimidwe kulikonse);
kufunika kopanga malo obiriwira kapena oyenera malo otseguka (posankha mbewu, muyenera kudziwa cholinga chake chokulima m'malo otetezedwa kapena popanda iwo, popeza zokolola zomwe zimangotulutsidwa zitha kupezedwa pokhapokha pazomwe zalongosoledwa);
mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena yosakanizidwa (monga lamulo, mbewu zosakanizidwa zimakhala ndi zochuluka pamlingo woyerekeza ndi mitundu, koma m'malo osakanikirana, mitundu imatha kudziwonetsa bwino, kupatula apo, mbewu zitha kusungidwa kuchokera pazomera zabwino kwambiri kuti ziberekenso)
zokolola zomwe zingakhalepo (ndikofunikira kusankha nthangala zokhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu komwe kungachitike munyengo);
kusatetemera kumatenda ndi tizirombo tina (katunduyu amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa azomera zophera tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndikupeza zipatso zabwino);
mtundu wa chitsamba ndi kutalika kwake (kudziwa magawo a mbewu, mutha kusankha njira yoyenera yobzala ndikukonzekera pasadakhale thandizo la tsinde, ngati pangafunike);
kukhwima koyambirira (nthawi zambiri, kupeza zipatso zoyambirira, zokolola zonse zimachepa, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukhala ndi nthangala za phwetekere za zipatso zosapsa zosiyanasiyana kuti pakhale kuyanjana kogulitsa kwa zinthu munthawiyo;
cholinga cha mbewu (muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake zipatso zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa chake ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi mbewu ya phwetekere kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano, zipatso, zipatso ndi zipatso);
mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa zipatsozo (tomato amatha kubzala osati ndi mtundu wofiira wamba, komanso ndi chikaso, lalanje, pinki, chakuda, ndipo mawonekedwewo amatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera kuzungulira-kuzungulira mpaka wowoneka ngati maula);
kusasinthika kwa zamkati (kukwera kwambiri kwa shuga, zipatso zimakoma, kotero ndikofunika kuyang'anira chisonyezo ichi);
kukana kwa zipatso kumakanika kwa makina (ngati kuli kofunikira kunyamula zipatso pamtunda wautali, ayenera kukhala ndi khungu lowonda ndi zamkati; phwetekere yokhala ndi zofunikira zochepa pamtunduwu ndizoyenera kudya kwanuko).

Kukonzekera kwa mbewu

Yankho la funso la momwe mungakulire mbewu yabwino ya phwetekere limayamba ndikakonzekera nthanga. Popeza ndinasankha mitundu ya tsamba lanu, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito yokonzekera. Ngati mbewu zakonzedwa kale ndi wopanga ndipo ali ndi mtundu wa chizindikiro, ndiye kuti njira zowonjezera sizikuchitika. Pa njere zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni ndipo zimakhala ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono, zisanafesere, ntchito zotsatirazi zimachitidwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbande zizikhala bwino.

kukonza (mu 5% yankho lamchere la tebulo mchere wokhawo udzagwera pansi, womwe, utatsuka m'madzi, umagwiritsidwa ntchito gawo lotsatira);
kusazindikira (pasanathe mphindi 20 amaikidwa mu 1% yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, yomwe imachotsa matenda opatsirana omwe amayambitsa matenda ophuka);
kuzungulira (kuphatikiza mpweya ndi mpweya kudzera mu thovu m'madzi imaperekanso mphamvu zam'mera);
kumera (kulowetsedwa m'madzi kwa masiku 3-5, nkutulutsa koyamba ndipo mbewuzo zimayenera kulimbitsidwa, kuti zitheke kulimbana ndi zovuta);
kuumitsa (kwa masiku 5, nthangala zam'mimba zimayikidwa m'firiji pamtunda wa +5 madigiri, omwe amasintha mphamvu zofananira za mbande zam'tsogolo).

Kufesa ndi kukula mbande za phwetekere

Kupeza mbande zapamwamba kwambiri ndi gawo limodzi lofunika kwambiri pakukula tomato. Atakonzekereratu njerezo, zimabzalidwa mumakapu okonzedwa ndi dothi labwino. Mutha kubzala mbewu ziwiri kapena zitatu chikho chimodzi, kenako kumatula kumera kamodzi mutamera. Pali njira yoyamba kufesa m'makaseti okhala ndi masentimita 1.5x1.5, kenako ndikubzala mbande zikafika pagawo la masamba enieni a 2-3 mumbale zokhala ndi mainchesi 5 cm. Njira zonsezi ndi zovomerezeka, koma chachiwiri ndichosavuta, chifukwa zimasunga malo pansi pa mbande m'mwezi woyamba waulimi.

Kuti mupeze mbande zapamwamba kwambiri, matenthedwe otsatirawa ayenera kuonedwa:

kuyambira kufesa mpaka zikamera mbande + 24 ... +28 degrees;
mpaka gawo 1-2 la pepala ili + 15 ... +18 madigiri;
mpaka gawo 3-4 la pepalali + 20 ... +22 digrii;
mpaka gawo la mawonekedwe oyamba a peduncle + 22 ... +24 madigiri.

Kuti mupeze mbande "zothina", kupopera mbeu kumachitika ndi yankho la Athlete mu gawo la masamba awiri, anayi ndi asanu ndi awiri. Izi zimathandiza kuti mbande zisatambasule.

Tekinoloje yokulitsa tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha

Pambuyo poika mbande kumalo okula mosalekeza, kukula kwa tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kumaphatikizapo ntchito zotsatirazi:

kuthirira (pochitika pamene chinyontho m'nthaka chikhala chochepera 75% cha chinyezi chonse chokwanira m'munda, chimatsimikiziridwa ndikumakanikizira dothi m'manja, ngati lupu itagunda, ndiye kuti kuthirira ndikofunikira);
akumasulira nthaka (zitawoneka kutumphuka panthaka, ziyenera kuwonongedwa ndikumasulidwa, zomwe zimapereka mpweya wowonjezera kumizu ndikuchepetsa evapition);
feteleza (kuvala pamwamba kumachitika sabata lililonse ndi feteleza, momwe nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu ali mulingo wofanana ndi 1: 3: 2 pamlingo wa magalamu 10 pa ndowa ya lita 10 kwa mbewu 5);
Chithandizo cha tizirombo ndi matenda (prophylactically kuchokera kumatenda owazidwa kubzala mbande pamwezi ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi ndikuwonjezera kwa 10 ml ya Fufanon mu ndowa wokhala ndi malita 10, kuyimitsa mwezi umodzi asanakolole);
wovala zovala (mbewu zikamakula, zimaphatikizidwa ndi chithandizo, zomangika ndi zingwe za nsalu kapena mapasa);
fumbi (pakukula maluwa zochulukirapo, kuti mupeze thumba losunga mazira ambiri, ndikofunikira kupopera mbewuzo masana kuti mungu uzituluka ndikugwera pazinthu zoyipa);
kuchotsera kwa wopeza (mbewu zimapanga molingana ndi mtundu wa chitsamba);
kudulira masamba ochepa (Amawululira mbali yakumapeto kwa thunthu kuyambira pakudzaza burashi yoyamba kuti mpweya wabwino wa mpweya ukhale wabwino komanso kuti zipse).