Zomera zodzikongoletsera zokongola nthawi zambiri zimachokera kumadera otentha kwambiri a dziko lapansi. Caladium ndi mtundu wawung'ono, koma wowoneka bwino kwambiri ochokera kumadera otentha a America, kuphatikiza mitundu 15 yodziyimira pawokha.
M'dziko lakwathu, mbewu zosatha za herbaceous zimakhala pansi pa mtengo, komwe m'malo otetezeka amapanga makatani owuma. Chizindikiro pa chikhalidwecho ndi masamba akulu owoneka ndi mtima wamtima, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe, kukula kwake ndi mitundu yachilendo yomwe ma caladium, omwe ali pachithunzichi, amatchuka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi makutu a njovu kapena mapiko a angelo. Ndipo kuyerekezera kotereku kuli ndi chifukwa chilichonse.
Ngakhale mitundu yaminga yobala zipatso, masamba a masamba amatha kutalika kwa 30-45 cm, ndipo utawaleza kapena phale la wojambula limatha kusilira mithunzi yosiyanasiyana pamasamba a caladium.
Chomera chilibe tsinde. Masamba amawoneka pamwamba pamtunda wamtunda wautali wa petioles ndipo, pang'onopang'ono, amapanga malo owirikiza ndi mulifupi mwake wa mita.
Mizu ya caladium imakhazikitsidwa ndi tuber yozungulira yozungulira yopingasa pafupifupi masentimita 71. Mu gawo la apulo, tchire la chitsamba chamtsogolo likuwonekera bwino, ndipo patali ndi ilo pali masamba amodzi ogona. Mutabzala, tuber imapanga mizu ya fibrous, yomwe, ikatha nthawi yomera kunyumba, imafa ndipo chomera chimapuma.
Zomwe osalakwitsa maluwa amalakwitsa duwa la caladium ndi inflorescence. Maonekedwe ake akhoza kuyembekezedwa atawululidwa pepala lachitatu kapena lachinayi. Mtundu wa inflorescence umawoneka ngati cobowola waukulu, wokhala ndi maluwa achimuna ndi achikazi ndipo wokutidwa bulangeti.
M'mitundu ina ya caladium, monga momwe chithunzi, imapangidwira utoto wofanana ndi masamba owala. Koma pali mitundu yokhala ndi ma bullets oyera kapena obiriwira. Maluwa samapitirira masiku angapo, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi kuphulika kwa makutu akale owala zipatso za malalanje amadzacha.
Pachikhalidwe, mitundu ingapo ya chomera chotentha ichi chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi Caladium escreatum, yemwe mazira ake ndi okhuthala ndipo amatha kudya ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya m'maiko angapo ku South America..
Koma padziko lonse lapansi, osakoma, koma okongoletsa adadziwika, monga makongola azithunzi. Zomera zamtchire zamtundu wa Caladium bicolor, Caladium marmoratum, Caladium picturatum ndi mitundu ina zinakhala zofunikira kwa obereketsa omwe pambuyo pake alandila ma hybrids omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito lero m'munda ndi maluwa.
Kusamalira caladium kunyumba
Chisamaliro cha Caladium chimakhudzidwa ndi zokonda zomwe zimapezeka pazoyambira mkhalidwe wokula, ndiye kuti, m'malo otentha.
Monga mbewu zonse za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ma caladium amafunika kuwala kwambiri. Ndipo chowala mitundu pamasamba, dzuwa lambiri limafunikira. Nawo mphezi zachindunji zowononga kwa iwo omwe azolowera moyo pansi pa korona zamera. Malo abwino:
- mazenera akum'mawa kapena kumadzulo;
- malo otseguka kapena zipika zoteteza masamba ku dzuwa lotentha;
- mitengo ikuluikulu, ngati nthawi yachilimwe chikhalidwe chimachitika poyera.
Ngati mawindo akumwera amasankhidwa mapoto omwe ali ndi duwa la caladium, shading ndiyofunikira. Mbali yakumpoto, utoto wa masambawo udzavutika, chifukwa chake muyenera kusankha chisamaliro.
Nthawi yonse yakukula, komanso pakusungidwa kwa ma tubers panthawi yawo wosakhalitsa, caladium imakhala yabwino pamawonekedwe wamba a chipinda.
Kuzindikira chiyambi cham'munda wotentha, muyenera kudziwa kuti kupambana posamalira caladium, monga chithunzi, kunyumba kwakukulu zimatengera chinyezi cha mpweya. M'nyengo yotentha, chikhalidwecho chimakula bwino m'mpweya wabwino, pa khonde kapena loggia. Pamodzi ndi mphika, mbewu zimabzalidwa m'mundamo kapena pabedi lamaluwa.
Koma nyumbayo ikauma kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, pomwe zida zotenthetsera zimayatsidwa, njira zosinthira zomwe zikuchitika pano ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi chisamaliro cha caladium.
Kumwaza masamba sikulibwino chifukwa cha malo omwe ungakhalepo masamba ndi masamba, koma kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pachitsamba kudzapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Kuyambira masika, pomwe mphukira yoyamba iwoneka pamwamba pa nthaka, ndipo mpaka nthawi matalala, caladium, pachithunzichi, imathiriridwa mokwanira. Chizindikiro cha kuthirira ndikuwuma kwa nthaka. Ngati chomera sichilandira madzi munthawi yake, masamba ake amachepa ndikukopa. Koma madzi owonjezera mu gawo lapansi safunika. Amatha kuyambitsa mizu ndi kubowola kwa tuber. Ndipo pali chiwopsezo chotaya chiweto chobiriwira.
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timachitika mu nthaka ya michere yopanda michere, yomwe imatha kuchitika posakanikirana chimodzimodzi:
- humus;
- munda wamunda;
- peat.
Potsatira gawo lapansi, mutha kuwonjezera mchenga, makala amoto osweka ndi sphagnum. Asanabzale tubers, nthaka ndi chosawilitsidwa, kenako ndikuyika m'miphika pamphamvu pazenera.
Zophatikiza ndi caladium, monga chithunzichi, zimasankhidwa potengera kukula kwa tubers. Pazovala zazing'ono kwambiri, tengani miphika ndi mainchesi 9-12 cm.
Mizu ya akulu imafunika kubzalidwa m'mipanda yokhala ndi mainchesi osachepera 20 cm, chifukwa masamba akuluakulu amakula bwino ndipo amafunikira dothi lambiri komanso malo a chakudya.
Chisamaliro cha caladium pa dormancy
Mukamasamalira caladium kunyumba, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mbewu izi zimakhala ndi nyengo yotsalira, yomwe pakati msewu umagwa nthawi yophukira-nthawi yachisanu.
Pofika Seputembala, kukonza tubers za hibernation, pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa mphamvu yothirira. Zitatha izi, kuvunda ndi kuwonongeka kwa masamba kumayamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chinyezi sichifunikanso.
Zouma Caladium tubers kugwa:
- kuchotsedwa pansi;
- yeretsani pang'ono zotsalira za gawo lapansi ndi mizu yowuma.
- yang'anani kuwonongeka, zowola, kapena zizindikiro za matenda.
Tiziwalo zonse zowonongeka zimachotsedwa, ndipo zigawo zimathandizidwa ndi fungicide ndipo, zikauma, ufa umakonkhedwa ndi kaboni yophwanyika yomwe idaphwanyidwa.
Tubers hibernate mu moss youma kapena vermiculite kutentha kosati mphukira mpaka kuwonekera pamwamba mu Januwale kapena February, okonzeka kupatsa moyo mtundu watsopano wamasamba.
