Calendula (Calendula), kapena marigolds, ndimaluwa wamaluwa otulutsa maluwa ochokera ku banja la Astrov. Duwa limapezeka mu chilengedwe cha Mediterranean ndi Western Europe, ndipo zili ndi mitundu 20 komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso komanso zakale. Mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu uli ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi kusiyana kwake. Ena ali ndi zokongoletsera zapamwamba, pomwe ena ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala azikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe.
Kutanthauzira kwa Duwa la Calendula
Calendula lomasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini limatanthawuza "tsiku loyamba la mwezi." Mtengowo umakhala ndi mizu yolimba, masamba osavuta obiriwira ozungulira kapena mawonekedwe, maluwa amtundu wowala wachikaso kapena mtundu wa lalanje ndi zipatso - achenes. Mbewu zimamera kwambiri pakatha zaka 5 zokolola. Mwambiri, calendula amakulitsa kudzilikiza. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi yayitali - kuyambira koyambirira kwenikweni kwa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Kukula pang'ono kwa mbewu
Kufesa mbewu
M'mundamo kapena m'maluwa, mbewu zimafesedwa kasupe (pafupifupi pakati pa Epulo) kapena nthawi yophukira (pakati pa Okutobala).
Pakubzala masika, dothi lomwe limayatsidwa bwino ndi kupukutidwa ndi chipale chofewa limafunikira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti chizikumba, pafupifupi masiku 10-15 musanafesere mbewu, ndikuwonetsa zakudya zopatsa thanzi nthawi yayitali. Pa mita iliyonse ya malo omwe mungafunike: humus - 3-4 makilogalamu, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu potaziyamu - 20 g iliyonse, urea - 30 g Ngati kukumba dimba lamaluwa kwamtsogolo kumachitika mu nthawi yophukira, ndiye humus imawonjezeredwa kumtunda, komanso feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Chapakatikati lidzakhalabe lodyetsa mabedi a maluwa ndi zowonjezera za nayitrogeni.
Kuzama kwa kubzala mbewu kulibe kupitirira masentimita 2. Mtundu wobzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ndiyosiyana. Mitundu yokongoletsera imafesedwa pamtunda wa 20-30 cm, pakati pa mizere - 60-70 cm.Mtundu wamankhwala - mtunda wa 7-10 cm, pakati pa mizere - 30-40 cm.
Mbande zoyambirira zidzaphukira pambuyo pa masiku 7, 7, ndipo patatha masiku 15 mpaka 20 mbewuzo zoyamba kuchitika, pambuyo pake zayamba kutalika pafupifupi 35 cm. osataya. Maluwa oyambilira atabzala mbewu panthaka amatha kuwonekera patatha miyezi 2-2,5.
Mbande za Calendula
Mukabzala mbande panthaka, maluwa a calendula amatha kuyamba kale. Kulima kwake kumayamba kuyambira pa Marichi 20 mpaka pa Epulo 10. Mbewu zofesedwa pobzala mabokosi kapena m'mbale zazing'ono zamapulasitiki zodzazidwa ndi zosakaniza dothi la maluwa maluwa. Kuzama kwa kubzala mbewu ndi masentimita 1-2. Nthaka yokhala ndi mbewuyo imasungunuka ndikuphimbidwa ndi polyethylene kwa masiku 6-10, kufikira mbande zoyambirira zitatuluka. Zotetezazo ziyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chowala ndi kutentha kwa chipinda. Mbande ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Pambuyo pake, mbande zimamera pamtunda wa kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 15.
Kusamalidwa kwakukulu kwa mbeu zazing'ono kumakhala ndi hydrate wothira gawo lapansi m'manyowa komanso feteleza nthawi zonse (kamodzi pa masiku 10 mpaka 15). Monga kuvala pamwamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopanda mphamvu wa feteleza wophatikizira. Masamba athunthu a 2-3 akapezeka, mutha kudumphira m'madzi. Mbande amazidulira mumiphika kapena kuwonda, ndikusiyira nthawi yayitali masentimita asanu.
Kubzala calendula panja
Mukadzala calendula
Kubzala mbande pamaluwa otseguka kwamaluwa kumachitika nyengo yofunda ndipo ngati masamba ali ndi masamba asanu ndi amodzi a 5-6. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ndi izi ndi theka lachiwiri la Meyi.
Calendula amagonjera kwambiri kuzizira ndi ang'ono ang'ono, koma, monga njira yodzitetezera, ndibwino kuchititsa njira zokulitsa ndi mbande. Zophatikizira momwe mbande zimamera zimakulimbikitsidwa kuti ziziperekedwa panja kwa maola 5-6 tsiku lililonse musanabzalire pabedi (mwachitsanzo, pamphepete kapena pa khonde losawonekera).
Malamulo akumalo
Bedi la maluwa kapena bedi la maluwa liyenera kukhala pamalo otseguka ndi dothi lachonde ndi dothi labwino. Mukamasankha tsamba, ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mizu ya calendula imakhudzanso basil ndi radish yodzalidwa pompopompo, koma pazomera zina zambiri zamasamba ndi zamunda ndichitetezo chodalirika ku tizirombo. Fungo lenileni la marigolds limawopseza nkhupakupa ndi agulugufe, motero ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala calendula m'mizere pakati pa mizere pamabedi azamasamba.
Njira yodzala mmera ndiofanana ndi kufesa mbewu. Amasiyananso mitundu yamankhwala ndi yokongoletsera ndi mitundu. Kutulutsa koyamba ndi njira yokomera kumera mumiyezi 1.5-2.
Chisamaliro cha Calendula M'munda
Paulimi wa marigold simusowa nthawi yayitali komanso khama. Kudzivulaza kwake kwamaluwa kameneka kumakupatsani mwayi wolimbikira.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira pafupipafupi sikofunikira kwa mbewu, kupatula nyengo yokhazikika yokha.
Dothi
Munthawi yonse ya maluwa, timalimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse tchuni komanso kuti tichotse maudzu m'nthawi yake.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Kuphatikiza mchere wa mineral kuyenera kuyikidwa kamodzi pamwezi nthawi yonse ya chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira.
Kudulira
Kuti muwonjezere maluwa, kudulira pafupipafupi kwa inflorescence - mabasiketi afunika. Popanda njirayi, calendula imasiya kuphuka mwezi umodzi. Kuchotsa kwokhazikika kwa maluwa otseguka kumathandizira kuti pakhale masamba ambiri, komanso maluwa ochulukirapo komanso opitilira nthawi yayitali.
Calendula pambuyo maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Popewa kudzimana tokha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuvala matumba ang'onoang'ono a gauze kapena nsalu yopyapyala ya chintz pambewu zakucha. Pakutero, mbewuzo zitha kusonkhanitsidwa mutakhwima kwathunthu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusunga njere mumatumba ang'onoang'ono kapena m'matumba a nsalu m'malo amdima ndi mpweya wouma.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Mitundu ya pachaka ya calendula itatha maluwa imachotsedwa pabedi lamaluwa ndikuyitulutsa. Nthaka iyenera kukumbidwa, kukhala ndi manyowa ndikusiyidwa mpaka nyengo yotsatira.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Popeza chikhalidwe chomwe chili ndi fungo lake chimatha kupewetsa tizilombo tambiri, tizirombo tomwe timakhala tili oopsa sichitha. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokha ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Mutha kuwononga chiwopsezo cha aphid mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwalawa: Akarin, Actellik, Antitlin, Biotlin.
Monga njira yothanirana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisalole kukulira mu maluwa komanso kukula kwa namsongole. Matenda akaonekera, chotsani pomwepo mbali zowonongeka za chomera kapena chitsamba chonse.
Matenda omwe angakhalepo a calendula ndi powdery mildew ndi madera akuda. Zizindikiro zakuwoneka za matenda ndi khungu lakuda kapena la bulauni pamtunda wa masamba, cholembera chowoneka bwino choyera. Ndi kufalikira kwakukulu kwa matendawa, chithandizo chofunikira chidzafunika. Pakupopera munda wamaluwa, mankhwala otsatirawa amalimbikitsidwa: Topaz, Fundazol, Topsin.
Mankhwala okhala ndi calendula
Mphamvu zachilengedwe za calendula ndizodziwika kwambiri mu mankhwala ndipo chifukwa chake kulimidwa kwamtunduwu kumachitika pamalonda. Kuyambira maluwa amapanga tincture, mafuta onunkhira, mafuta, ma syphs, ma elixirs, decoctions, mafuta ofunikira, mayankho amadzimadzi. Amakhala ndi michere yochulukirapo komanso michere - mwachitsanzo, carotene, ma resini, asidi, mavitamini ndi zina zambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi mbewu iyi, muthanso kuphipha ndi kutupa, kuthandizira kuti musafe ndi kuchiritsa mabala. Maluwa a Calendula amakhala ndi katundu wofatsa, wa diaphoretic, wopumula, wolimbitsa thupi, wobwezeretsa komanso wa analgesic. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi Marigold amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a pakhungu komanso mavuto ndi ntchito ya ziwalo zambiri zamkati. Calendula imakhala yothandiza kwambiri pa zovuta zovuta za matenda a tonsillitis, stomatitis, mavuto amkamwa ndi patsekeke pamlomo, pochiritsa mabala osapweteka, mabedi, kupsa ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Kuphatikiza ndi ma chamomile ndi ma cones a hop, imakhudza bwino khungu, mizu ndi momwe tsitsi limakhalira.
Ndi kutchuka kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwala ovomerezeka, calendula ali ndi contraindication. Osadzilimbitsa, makamaka munthawi ya kubereka mwana komanso pamaso pa mavuto ndi mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Musanagwiritse ntchito zopangidwa ndi calendula, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mufufuze malangizo azachipatala kwa dokotala.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya calendula
Zodziwika kwambiri mchikhalidwe zimadziwika kuti ndi Calendula Field ndi Pharmacy. Mitundu yonseyi imakhala yofanana zofananira, koma Pharmacy kapena Medicale Calendula imayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yambiri yokhala ndi maluwa osavuta komanso owirikiza awiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana - chikasu, lalanje, kuwala komanso bulauni. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ndi Juvel, Radio, Emperor, Gold Kugel, Sonnenstein, Kalta, Sakharovskaya Orange.
