Masiku ano, si aliyense amene ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi malo pafupi ndi nyumba kuti azichita zomwe amakonda - kulima minda yosiyanasiyana ndi mbewu zokongoletsera. Komabe, kuchokera pamenepa, mutha kupeza yankho - ngati muli ndi khonde munyumba, ndiye kuti mutha kusintha kukhala dimba lodzaza.
Zachidziwikire, chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kuwonetsa kupirira, pezani chidziwitso cha maziko a maluwa kapena maluwa ena okongoletsera. Ngati chimenecho ndicho chokhumba chanu, ndiye kuti mudzatha kutolera nkhaka zokoma m'munda mwanu.
Zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi kukula kwa nkhaka pa khonde
Ngati mwakhala mukugonjetsedwa ndi mtima wofuna kutembenuza chipika kapena khonde kukhala malo omwe mungalime nkhaka, ndiye kuti kumasulira lingaliro ili kukhala choona sikophweka. Kupatula apo, si aliyense amadziwa momwe angakulire nkhaka pa khonde.
Poyamba, sizipweteka kudziwa zikhalidwe za chikhalidwechi. Mphukira Zoyambirira Zakale amafunitsitsa pakutentha, kotero kukonzekera kocheperako kumatha kukhudza kukolola kwamtsogolo.
Chifukwa chake, kuti pakhale malo abwino okulira nkhaka zam'mphepete, ndikofunikira kusintha zina pamapangidwe a chipindacho. Pamafunika izi pangani zowunikira zowonjezera, mpweya wabwino ndi kutentha.
Chifukwa cha zatsopanozi, mudzapereka nkhaka zam'munda ndi maola ofunika masana, zomwe zingathandize kukula kwa mbande. Makamaka chisamaliro chiyenera kulipidwa kuti kukhazikitsidwa koyenera kwa mpweya wabwino ndiwotenthe, chifukwa mtundu wa kayendedwe ka nyengo pa khonde umatengera izi.
Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudziwa bwino zomwe muli ndi nkhaka zamakhonde olima. Fotokozani mwachidule njirayi, itha kuyimiridwa mwa njira zotsatirazi:
- Kufesa mbewu.
- Kukonzekera kwa dothi.
- Kusamalira Mbewu.
- Kubzala mbande.
- Mavalidwe apamwamba.
- Mapangidwe nkhonya chikwapu.
- Kusamalira mbewu.
Kupitilira, mutha kuwerengera tsatanetsatane wa malangizo okulitsa nkhaka tsiku ndi tsiku, kutsatira zomwe simungathe kukhala ndi maluwa okongola komanso zokongoletsera zokoma.
Magawo Obzala Mbewu
Imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika mukamakulitsa nkhaka kubzala mbewu, zomwe zimaphatikizapo magawo angapo. Zonse zimayamba ndikakonza nthanga, ndiye, nthawi yoyenera kufesa imasankhidwa, komanso nthawi yomwe mukufuna mbewu.
Omwe akufuna kusangalala ndi nkhaka zowola kumayambiriro kwa kasupe amayenera kuchita kufesa mbewu nthawi yozizira.
Ngati mudzakhala olondola gwiritsitsani malingaliro wamaluwa, mwina mwina kumayambiriro kwa Marichi mutha kusangalala ndi zotsatira zoyesayesa zanu.
Kuti tikonzekere kufesa, muyenera kuchita zinthu zotsatirazi:
- Kuuluka. Pazomwezi, njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate imagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe mbewu zimayikidwa kwa mphindi 20.
- Kuyanika Pambuyo pokonza njira yothetsera mbewu za potaziyamu permanganate iyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuvala nsalu yonyowa yopukutira, yomwe iyenera kupindidwa koyambirira.
- Kufesa. Mphindi yabwino kwa izi imachitika pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro za kumera. Kubzala yokha kumachitika m'miphika yaying'ono yamaluwa kapena makapu apulasitiki amdima.
Zotheka kutchera
Ngati mukukula nkhaka m'miphika, ndiye kuti dziwani kuti chinyezi chambiri chimatha kuvunda ndi mizu. Kuti mupewe izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito akasinja awiri apansi.
Nkhaka zimayankha bwino ku kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, motero muyenera kukwaniritsa chosowa ichi mokwanira. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupanga mabowo olowetsa madzi kumtunda komwe kumapangitsa kuti chinyezi chambiri chikwere kulowa mu tray yotsika.
Ngati mulibe chidebe choyenera kukafikira, ndiye pazolinga izi mutha kusintha botolo la pulasitiki lamtundu wakuda. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito zotengera zopangidwa kunyumbakukhala ndi pansi pawiri.
Njira yabwino ikhoza kukhala kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki. Onetsetsani kuti thankiyo ili ndi malo okwanira okulira mbewu. Zomwe zimatha kukhala zofunikira ndizoyenera ngati malita 2,5 a voliyumu ali pa chomera chilichonse.
Njira yokonzekera dothi
Musaganize kuti pobzala mitundu yamakaka yamatcheri mum'bale zodzadza ndi dziko wamba, angakupatseni zokolola zabwino. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yapadera, yomwe imapatsa mbande michere yamagetsi yofunikira komanso osaloleza kuyanika dothi.
Mukamasankha mawonekedwe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.
Gulu loyamba. Zosakaniza zonse zimatengedwa zofanana komanso zosakanikirana mpaka yosalala:
- kompositi
- dziko la turf;
- peat;
- utuchi wamatabwa;
- phulusa.
Kugula kapangidwe kameneka ndikosavuta popeza imaperekedwa ku malo aliwonse osungira nyakulimira.
Kuphatikizika kwachiwiri. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera kutenga chidebe chimodzi cha zomwe zili pamwambapa, kuwonjezera pa icho urea (10 g) ndi nitrophos (15 g). Zitatha izi, zigawo zonse ziyenera kusakanikirana bwino, kenako mutha kupitiriza kufesa mbewu.
Kuphatikizika kwachitatu. Kusakaniza uku kumakondedwa kwambiri osati mokomera, komanso pankhani yachuma. Amagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimapezeka m'mundamo.
Kukonzekera kapangidwe kake, muyenera kutenga theka la dothi lonyowa ndi manyowa.
Kuphatikiza apo, zigawo zonse ziyenera kusakanikirana bwino ndikuziika m'thumba la pulasitiki ndikunyamula mosamala. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kukumba dzenje lakuya, ndikuyika chikwama cha osakaniza dothi, kenako kukumba. Zimatenga nthawi kuti osakaniza asinthe, ndikusintha kuti akhale otayirira.
Ngakhale asanafesere mbewu, dothi liyenera kuthiriridwa ndi yankho lochepera la potaziyamu permanganate. Chifukwa cha mankhwalawa, mbewu zimatetezeka kuti zisawonongeke ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Ngati mungasankhe kuwononga nthawi ndikukonzekera dothi labwino kwambiri, ndiye kuti nkhaka zimakupatsani zipatso zazikulu ndi zokongola kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Kukula kwa Mbeu
Ngakhale zitha kuwoneka kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kulima mitundu ya nkhaka zoyambilira pa loggia kapena khonde, komabe, ngati mutsatira malamulo ndi malangizo, mutha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi popanda kukhala ndi luso lapadera.
Kuti muthe kukolola bwino, muyenera kupanga mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri pa kukula kwa nkhaka mbewu.
Choyamba, chidwi chiyenera kulipira kutentha. Makonda omwe analimbikitsidwa sakhala otsika kuposa 20−25 degrees. Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya m'munsi mwa kutentha komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi khonde lanu, mbande zamatcheni zimamera pang'onopang'ono.
Musanayambe kufesa mbewu m'nthaka, muyenera kuchita kusamalira tankkugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu permanganate. Chifukwa chake, mumapereka mbande zodzitchinjiriza kuti zisawonongedwe ku matenda oyipa.
Nthawi yofesa, mbewu imayikidwa m'nthaka ndi masentimita 2-3. Kenako, zotengera zomwe zimakhala ndi mbande zimatengedwa kupita naye kukhonde, komwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhaka zikule. Apa tikutanthauza kukhalapo kwa kutchingira kwamphamvu yamafuta, zowunikira zowonjezera ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kuonekera kwa mbande zoyambirira kungayembekezeredwe patatha masiku 25−28 mutabzala. Mukawona zikamera zoyambirira, mutha kukonzekera kudyetsa: nthawi yoyamba nthaka yothira manyowa patatha milungu iwiri, ndipo yachiwiri itatha masiku 10.
Kuchulukitsa kwa mbewu kumatengera kuthirira kwa mbeu. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa madzi akumwa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana chinyezi cha nthaka. Ndikofunika kuthirira mukamachitika tsiku lililonse ndi madzi firiji.
Kubzala mbande za nkhaka
Pamenepo mutha kuwona mphukira yoyamba, mutha kuganizira gawo loyambirira la nkhaka kumaliza. Kenako, mutha kuchita sitepe yotsatira - Thirani mbande.
Kuti muchite izi, mufunika mabokosi ocheperako omwe mungagule m'sitolo. Komanso paichi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zopangidwa ndi anthu, mwachitsanzo, mabotolo apulasitiki.
Vuto loti liume dothi litha kuthetsedwa ngati muli ndi zotsatirazi mawonekedwe: kutalika - 20 cm, m'lifupi - 30 cm, kutalika - 60 cm.
Mukakonza zofunikira kuziyankhira, zimadzaza ndi dothi losakaniza. Sichikhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a buku, kenako nkuthiridwa bwino ndi ofooka potaziyamu permanganate yankho kutentha kwa chipinda.
Kupitilira apo, amaloledwa kuti azilowera kwa mphindi 20, kenako mbandezo amazisungitsa m'bokosi limodzi ndi nthaka, ndipo gawo lapansi limakutidwa ndi pamwamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wofananirana nawo, mutha kupewa kuwononga mizu. Kuonetsetsa kuti mbande zikukula bwino, ziyenera kutero madzi tsiku lililonse.
Ngati mawindo amakhala otseguka khonde, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muli ndi zofesa momwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pomwe sizisokonezedwa ndi mphepo.
Popeza ndimaliza ntchito yokweza mbande, ndikofunikira kudikirira masiku 30 mpaka 40, omwe akukwanira ndikusintha mbande zazing'ono kukhala zomera zazikulu.
Momwe mungadyetse, nthawi yake komanso motani
Ngati mukusamalira bwino popanga nkhokwe zakukula kwamakalasi oyambira, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuyembekeza kuti, mukapereka zosowa zawo zamadzi, mudzapeza zokolola zabwino.
Masabata awiri atapangidwa mphukira yoyamba, inu ayenera kudyetsa. Ilinso ndi mfundo zake.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nkhaka zimadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wosakaniza, yemwe ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi malita 10 a madzi:
- Ammonium nitrate - 5 g.
- Potaziyamu nitrate - 15 g.
- Superphosphate - 30 g.
- Magnesium sulfate - 5 g.
Kachiwiri mbewuzo zikadyetsedwa masiku 10 itatha yoyamba kudyetsedwa. Izi feteleza adapangira 10 malita a madzi:
- thetsani ndowe zowola za m'madzi (1);
- superphosphate - 20 g;
- potaziyamu sulfate 15 g.
Mapangidwe nkhonya chikwapu
Ngati mungaganize zokhala kulima mitundu yofuna kupukutidwa, ndiye kuti muyenera kutsina. Kuti musankhe mphindi yoyenera kwambiri pa ntchitoyi, ndikofunikira kudikirira kuti lipangidwe lachitatu - m'malo ano muyenera kuchotsa mphukira ndi malo okula.
Pambuyo pa masiku 5 kuchokera pa masamba a axillary, omwe amakhala pansi pamasamba oyamba ndi achiwiri, mphukira zamtsogolo zimayamba kupanga. Pambuyo pake, misempha yayikulu yamkango imapanga.
Apanso, kukhazikika pakati kumachitika ngati ma sheet awiri apangidwe. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kulima nkhaka pa khonde, ndiye kuti muyenera kutsina ndikofunikiraapo ayi mutha kuyembekeza kuti mukapeza zokolola zabwino m'nyumba.
Tisaiwale kuti mukamakula, mphukira za nkhaka zoyambirira zimayamba kupindika, ndiye nthawi zina ndizofunikira kukwaniritsa garter nkhaka mabala. Kuti muchite izi, pali malo pamtunda wa 1.5 m kuchokera padziko lapansi, pomwe muyenera kukoka waya.
Zingwe zopindika zimasungidwa kwa iwo, zomwe zimakhazikika kumapeto. Kenako, phesi limavalidwa kuzungulira ulusi. Kuchita chovala choterocho kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa tsinde ndikuthandizira pakukula kwina.
Malangizo a Katswiri
Kukula nkhaka m'nyumba yanyumba ndiudindo kuti zithetsedwe. Mwini aliyense angathe kuthana nazo, chinthu chachikulu ndikuyamba kulandira maphunziro a zolemba pamakontena a nkhaka pa khonde.
Kukula mitundu ya nkhaka zoyambirira kumafuna Kupanga malo othandizira kukula kwabwino. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuwononga nthawi ndi ndalama paziwunikira, kuyatsa ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yake chifukwa kufesa mbewu, chifukwa nthawi yoyamba isanafike nthawi yochepa iyenera kudutsa.
Musaiwale kuti mu nthawi ya kukula nkhaka amapanga misonzi yayitali, chifukwa cha mbewu muyenera kupanga zopangira. Mukapatsidwa mfundozi, mudzalandira mphoto chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi komanso khama lanu.
