Chomera chakupha chimadziwika kuti ndi dope wamba. Mwa njira, amatchedwa ndi mayina osiyanasiyana: "angelo chubu", "udzu wamisala", "mpendadzuwa", "nkhaka yoledzera" ndi "wobera". Amadziwika kuti chomera chamtunduwu ndi cha banja lozungulira, chifukwa chake ndi wachibale wa phwetekere, mbatata komanso biringanya.
Mwa anthu amatchedwanso udzu wopanda dope. Kufotokozera kwa duwa kumatha kupezeka m'mabuku ambiri pa botani, zithunzi zake zimayikidwanso pamenepo.
Katundu wa Datura vulgaris
Chomera cha Datura chambiri chimapezeka mdera lililonse. Nthawi zambiri, m'malo mwake, Datura amasankha magawo otsatirawa: malo opanda anthu, misewu ndi minda.
Chomera ichi chimakula mpaka 1.5 metres. Imakhala ndi tsinde komanso masamba akuluakulu okhala ndi mano ang'onoang'ono. Muzu wa therere ndi loyera komanso lalitali, ndodo. Maluwa onunkhira komanso akulu nthawi zambiri yoyera, koma mutha kupezanso mtundu wa lilac.
Mawonekedwe awo, amafanana ndi kakombo kakang'ono. Amamera m'makulidwe a tsinde, ndipo m'malo amodzi sipangakhalepo umodzi. Pali maluwa asanu okha. Masamba amaphukira madzulo okha.
Zipatso za "zitsamba zosakhwima" zimakhala ndi bokosi lomwe mumakhala zigawo zinayi zokutidwa ndi minga yaying'ono. Bokosi lililonse lili ndi tirigu pafupifupi 800. Osakwiya akuyamba kuphuka mu Julayi ndipo zimangomera pachimake kumapeto kwa Seputembala, ndipo kale mu Okutobala zipatso zimayamba kucha.
Ma bus a mbewu nthawi zambiri amakula m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Pakadali pano, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamankhwala amawerengera Mitundu 13 ya mbewu, ndipo ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti onse ndi poyizoni. Pa intaneti mutha kupeza zithunzi zambiri za anthu wamba.
Ku Europe, mitundu yotsalira ya dope imadziwika kuti ndiyofala kwambiri:
- Zofala.
- Wamphamvu chimbalangondo.
- Mmwenye.
- Native American.
Kuchuluka kwa ziphe mu chomera ichi kumatengera nthawi yomwe duwa limasonkhanitsidwa ndi malo ati. Ndipo chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa kapangidwe kazomera:
- ma alkaloids;
- carotene;
- njira;
- mafuta ofunikira;
- mafuta
- kufufuza zinthu.
Datura, inde, mwina ndi mankhwala achilengedwe, ntchito ngati mankhwala, koma nthawi zina zimatsogolera ku imfa ya munthu. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti ma alkaloid amapezeka muzomera zonse zachinsinsi mosiyanasiyana:
- 0,4% - masamba.
- 0,15% - zimayambira.
- 0.2% - mbewu.
- 0.25% ndi mizu.
- 0.2% ndi maluwa.
Nkhani ya chomera chamaluwa
Kukhazikitsa dziko la chomera ichi, mwatsoka, ndizosatheka. Koma kutchulidwa koyamba ndi izi mu nthano za ku Europe, America, Africa ndi Asia. Chifukwa chake, pali nkhani ziwiri za chiyambi cha mabulosi: Amereka ndi Asiya.
Malinga ndi mtundu woyamba, mbewu za Datura zidatengedwa kuchokera ku America ndi amalinyero a Columbus. Chiphunzitso chachiwiri chimati ma gypsi oyenda bwino nthawi ina adapeza mbewu zachilendo ndi kusokosera pamatanthwe pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Iwo ali ndiye adawatumiza kudutsa Asia.
Koma nthano izi sizilembedwa. Ndipo chomera chamtunduwu chalandira magawo ambiri chifukwa cha ochiritsa, omwe amangotulutsa nthanga zake.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti olosera agwiritsanso ntchito bele pa miyambo yachinsinsi. Ndipo Aaziteki nthawi zambiri ankawona kuti udzuwo ndi wopatulika, chifukwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ansembe, ndikupangitsa malingaliro awo omwe amalola kulumikizana ndi maulamuliro apamwamba.
Mabokosi ambewu ya duwa ankaperekedwa nsembe kwa mulunguyo. Mafuko achikhalidwe aku America adagwiritsanso ntchito udzuwu kuti achite miyambo yamatsenga. Madokotala aku China adagwiritsa ntchito chomerachi zaka zapakati zochizira matenda ambiri.
Ahindu adamwetsa ovina mkachisi wa Shiva ndi vinyo wokhala ndi dope kuti amizidwe mu chisangalalo. Koma ku Europe ku Middle Ages panali nthano yomwe amatsenga pamaziko a dope adawakonzera mafuta ena apadera omwe adawathandiza kuti athe kuwuluka pa tsache.
Mbiri ya Datura idabweranso zakale, popeza idawoneka pamaziko a dzina ladzuwa la maluwa ndi maupangiri ake ku Russia, Belarus ndi Ukraine: Durmanovsky, Datura ndi ena.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zitsamba za Datura pamankhwala
Ngakhale m'mankhwala akale achi Greek omwe adalipo m'zaka za 4th BC, njira zambiri zochiritsira zosakanikirana zimafotokozedwa. Mwachitsanzo, dotolo wa zaka za zana la 11 Avicenna adafotokoza therere ili ngati lokongola mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Koma, zowona zake zimatha kutengera zomwe zili mmenemo. Chifukwa chake, hyoscyamine imathandizira kuchepetsa kubisalira kwa bile, thukuta, malovu, ndi kumalimbikitsa ntchito ya mtima.
M'masiku ano, makampani opanga mankhwala amapanga mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala omwe ali ndi Datura, ndipo ndi oyenera kuthandizira matenda otsatirawa:
- Mphumu ya bronchial.
- Bronchitis.
- Zilonda zam'mimba.
- Zilonda za Duodenal.
- Colitis.
- Cholecystitis.
- Tachycardia.
- Nyanja ndi matenda amlengalenga.
- Matenda amisala.
- Neuralgia.
- Rheumatism
Mankhwala Datura decoctions amagwiritsidwa ntchitoomwe ndi abwino kupinya, komanso kupera, enemas kapena douching. Datura mafuta tincture imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja. Koma ndi kudzimbidwa ndikotheka kutenga mkati. Ndipo mafuta ndi abwino kuchotsera tsitsi. Palinso ufa wouma wochokera kumiyala ya dope, womwe umawonjezeredwa ndudu zapadera za asthmatics.
Gwiritsani ntchito "udzu wamisala" komanso mankhwala azoweta zochizira mu ng'ombe kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nyama mu nkhumba.
Koma ndikofunika kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti ngati mlingo wa mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito munthu amawerengeredwa molakwika, ndiye kuti izi zitha kubweretsa imfa. Chifukwa chake, popanda malangizo a dokotala komanso upangiri kuti mugwiritse ntchito podzisamalira nokha chifukwa cha dope ndikosayenera.
Kututa masamba a masamba
Ochiritsa achikhalidwe amayesa kusonkha okha payekha, koma chifukwa cha izi amatsatira malamulo osavuta: ndiyofunika kutola nthawi yotentha, nyengo iyenera kukhala yowoneka bwino komanso dzuwa ndipo siyenera kuchitika pasanadutse 10 m'mawa.
Koma ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa ndiku njira zopewera. Mwachitsanzo, musatenge mbewu iyi ndi manja anu, koma gwiritsani magolovesi pazolinga izi. Osaziyipitsa zinthuzi kunyumba, komanso makamaka mu uvuni.
Zinthu zomalizidwa kale zimagawika masamba, maluwa ndi mbewu ndikukonzekera mosiyana mu mbiya zotsekedwa. Zotchingira zoterezi zitha kusungidwa kwa zaka ziwiri. Pambuyo pa ntchito iliyonse ndi mbewu, ndikofunikira kusamba m'manja bwino.
Ntchito Yokongoletsa Datura
Mitundu ina ya Datura imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yamaluwa komanso ngati zokongoletsera. Ambiri olima dimba amakonda iye chifukwa cha kuzindikira kwawo kosamalidwa. Kubala kwake kumachitika ndi mbewu.
Chapakatikati, njere, zonyowetsedwa m'madzi otentha, zimabzalidwa m'miphika ndi nthaka yokonzeka kugwa. Pakutha kwa Meyi, mbande zomwe zidayambika zibzalidwe kale panthaka. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, masamba oyamba adzayamba kuwonekera. Zithunzi za maluwa a zitsamba za Datura zimatha kupezeka patsamba zambiri pa intaneti kapena ma encyclopedia.
Datura imabzalidwa m'matumba makamaka chifukwa chamaluwa okongola. Mtundu wachilengedwe wa dope ndi loyera, koma mutha kupezanso mitundu ya hybrid yamtunduwu, yomwe imamasula lilac, wofiirira, wachikaso ndi wofiirira maluwa. Fungo lokoma kwambiri la maluwa limathandiza kufukiza fungo losasangalatsa m'madimba.
Chisamaliro cha Datura chimaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu izi:
- Dzuwa;
- dziko lotayirira;
- kuthirira panthawi yake.
Komano, namsongole sapanga pafupi ndi dope, chomera chakupha sichimawalola kuti adze okha. Koma kudyetsa nthaka ndi mchere wosiyanasiyana kumafunikabe.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti dope ndikadali udzu wamuyaya, chifukwa chake sangathe kudulira chitsamba kwathunthu, ndikunyamuka chaka chachiwiri. Mwa njira, tincture yochokera ku chomera chakudyachi chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthana ndi tizirombo: nthata za akangaude, njenjete za kabichi, mbozi za golide wam'madzi ndi hawthorn.
Musaope chomera ndi kachilomboka komanso nyerere, koma ma waya amatha kuwononga zimayambira. Njuchi modzifunira amatenga timaluwa tokongola ku duwa, koma uchi woterowo suloledwa kwa anthu.
M'nyengo yozizira, udzuwu ukhoza kumuika mu miphika ngakhale kumapita kwawo, koma atakhala khalani m'chipinda chachikulu. Simungathe kuyika chomera ngati chimenecho kuchipinda chochezera kapena m'malo ochezera.
Kuopsa kwa Datura Grass
Datura ndi chomera chakupha. Chifukwa chake, imaphatikizidwa kwa amayi apakati, komanso amayi oyamwitsa. Anthu omwe akudwala glaucoma sayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala ozikidwa pa dope kapena ngakhale contraindified kusamalira kwa koteroko.
Nthawi zina poizoni wambiri umapezeka chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza. Koma madokotala wowerengeka amayesetsa kukonzekera zomwe sangathe, osadziwa mlingo woyenera. Posachedwa, achinyamata ochulukirachulukira amafa chifukwa amayesa kupanga mankhwala oledzera kuchokera mkutu ndipo izi zimabweretsa tsoka.
Ana ang'ono, pokhala pafupi ndi chomera chakupha ndi chakupha ichi, amayesa kutsegula mabokosi azipatso chifukwa cha kusasamala kwa makolo awo, ndipo amayikira njirayi pakamwa pawo. Zotsatira zake, milandu yonseyi khalani ndi poyizoni, nthawi zina zolemetsa, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale zakufa.
Poizoni ndi dope amatha kuzindikirika nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa Zizindikiro zikuwoneka mwachangu kwambiri ndipo ndiwowala:
- Ana amapaka, milomo ndi pakamwa zimasanduka buluu.
- Kuyankhula kumasokonekera ndipo kugunda kwamtima kumafulumira.
- Kupuma pang'ono kumawonekera, kutentha kumatuluka, nkhope ikutupa.
Ngati poyizoni ali wamphamvu kwambiri, ndiye kuyerekezera zinthu zina ndi kukokana kumachitika. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti munthu azitha kuyenda mumlengalenga, komanso kwambiri kuti athe kuzindikira zenizeni. Ngati pakapita nthawi simunapulumutse, ndiye kuti malo opumirawo afulumira kwambiri, ndipo munthu akhoza kufa.
Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira za poizoni wazomera zitha, ndiye itanani ambulansi nthawi yomweyo. Madokotala amayenera kutsuka m'mimba mwa wozunzidwayo, kupanga jakisoni wa proserin kapena mankhwala ena aliwonse a psychotropic, ndipo zovuta zowuma pamutu ndizofunikiranso poizoni.
Ngati palibe chidziwitso cha Datura-udzu, ndiye, molingana, ndizosatheka kuphika nokha kukonzekera nokha, ndipo ndizosatheka kututa zopangidwa kuchokera ku zitsamba izi. Koma kukambirana ndi ana za kuwopsa kwa mbewuyi kuyenera kuchitika, kuwonetsa chithunzi kuti mwana azitha kukumbukira mawonekedwe ake.
Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mankhwala aliwonse omwe ali ndi dapura, ngakhale atayang'aniridwa mosamala, angayambitse zotsatira zoyipa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti ngati mankhwalawa omwe ali ndi dope amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, izi zimabweretsa zovuta zamaganizo, glaucoma ndi kukhumudwa. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala omwe akuphatikiza atropine zosakhalitsa.
