M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, ngakhale omwe ali kutali ndi malo ogulitsa nyama adziwa za kukhalapo kwa matenda amodzi anyama. Uwu ndi ntchentche wa ku Africa womwe wadwala matenda ena.
Inde, matenda, ophera ziweto, sanachiritsidwe. Mwamwayi, sizowopsa kwa anthu. Koma pali matenda ambiri omwe amawopseza osati nyama izi zokha, komanso munthu wowasamalira kapena kudya nyama yoyipitsidwa ndi mafuta anyama. Kudziwa njira zamankhwala othandizira matenda a nkhumba, zizindikilo zawo ndi njira zopewera kuteteza eni nyumba ndi ogula wamba ku chiwopsezo chachikulu.
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba ku Africa
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi matendawa ku Russia zidawonekera mu 2008. Chifukwa chakufalikira kwambiri, kusapezeka kwa njira zilizonse zogwira ntchito za chithandizo ndi katemera zomwe zimalepheretsa kufalikira kwa kachilombo kavairasi, matenda a nkhumba angayambitse kuvulaza kwambiri ziweto.
Osangokhala kuti chimfine cha nkhumba ku Africa sichimangokhala ndi zoweta komanso nyama zamtchire, matendawa amakhudza mitundu yonse komanso mibadwo ndikufalikira nthawi yozizira ndi chilimwe. Nthawi zosakwana sabata imadutsa nthawi yomwe matenda atalowa m'thupi la nkhumba asanamwalire. Ndipo kachilomboka komwe katulutsidwira kunja komwe kali moyenera kumatha kukhalanso ndi moyo mpaka zaka zingapo. Kuwononga tizilombo tingathe:
- mankhwalawa kutentha pamatenthedwe 60 ° C;
- Kusamalira bwino mawonekedwe a nkhope zanu zonse ndi chlorine kapena formalin.
Kwa anthu, kachilomboka sikubweretsa ngozi mwachangu, koma antchito omwe amagwira ntchito pafamuyo, limodzi ndi mbalame zapakhomo ndi mbalame zamtchire, makoswe, mbewa, ndi nyama zina zomwe zimagwidwa pamatumba ndi nkhumba, zimatha kufalitsa matenda oyipa. Potere, kufala kwa matenda a nkhumba ku Africa kumachitika:
- kudzera mwachindunji ndi nyama yodwala kapena yodwala kale;
- kudzera mu chakudya chomwe sichinakhalepo chithandizo chamatenthedwe, kapena madzi akumwa;
- mukamagwiritsa ntchito poyenda ziweto zodwala kapena zida wamba;
- polumikizana ndi mitembo ya nyama zakugwa ndi kachilomboka.
Pambuyo kachilomboka, nyama zimafa pafupi kufa, ndipo anthu otsala amakhala chonyamula matendawa kwa moyo wawo wonse.
Kuzindikira matenda a nkhumba kumatha kutengera zitsanzo zomwe zapezedwa ndikuwunika. Ngati matendawa atsimikizika, kupatsirana khola kumayambitsidwa mu famuyo ndi chigawo chake, chithandizo sichikuchitika, nyama zimawonongeka.
Classical nkhumba fever
Kuphatikiza pa zolengedwa zamtundu wa ku Africa, pali mtundu wina wa nkhumba wotentha, womwe umadziwika ndi dzina lodziwika, womwe umasiyana ndi omwe amachititsa matendawa komanso zizindikilo. Matendawa alinso ndi kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matenda.
Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za kutentha kwa nkhumba ndi:
- malungo;
- kusakhala ndi chidwi, kutayika kwa ntchito ndi chidwi;
- redness, kenako kumaliseche kwa purulent kapena mawonekedwe a magazi a ntchofu;
- maonekedwe ofiira pakhungu, komanso totupa.
Pochizira matenda akale a nkhumba, ma seramu apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma kugwiritsa ntchito katemera koyambirira komwe amateteza ziweto zachikulire ndi nyama zazing'ono ku matenda owopsa ndizothandiza kwambiri.
Njira zopewera zomwe zingachepetse chiopsezo cha kufalikira kwa matenda a nkhumba ku Africa komanso wamba zimagwirizana ndikusunga ukhondo ndikuyenda.
Nyama ziyenera kusungidwa m'malo oyera, opanda mpweya wabwino, kulandira chakudya chotsimikiziridwa ndi madzi oyera, komanso osalumikizana ndi alendo, makoswe ndi mbalame. Zizindikiro zokayikitsa zikaonekera mwa munthu aliyense payekhapayekha, amadzipatula.
Pasteurellosis ya nkhumba
Hemorrhagic septicemia kapena pasteurellosis ya nkhumba ndiyowopsa osati kwa nyama zapakhomo, komanso kwa anthu. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amalembedwa m'mafamu momwe ziweto zimasungidwa m'mapanga osachepera.
Koma matenda a nkhumba za mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhumudwitsa osati kungokhalira. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi:
- odwala omwe adabwera kuchokera kunyumba zina;
- kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya;
- kuchuluka kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mu nkhumba;
- chakudya, madzi, zinyalala, zida ndi nthaka, zokhala ndi mabakiteriya;
- tizilombo ndi makoswe.
Odwala komanso ochira amakhalabe onyamula matendawa, ndikumapereka chiwopsezo cha nkhumba pasteurellosis m'malo okhala ndi malovu, malovu, mkodzo ndi mpweya wotayika.
Zizindikiro za matendawa zimawonekera patangodutsa milungu iwiri chabe. Nthawi ya matendawa imasiyanasiyana kuyambira pachimake kwambiri mpaka nthawi yayitali, kutengera zomwe mawonekedwe a nkhumba amatulutsa komanso kutalika kwa matendawa angasinthe. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimafa masiku 1-8, koma ndi chithunzi chokhazikika chimakhala nthawi yayitali.
Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi monga:
- kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa thupi mpaka 41 ° C;
- kupuma movutikira, zizindikiro za kusokonekera;
- kutaya mtima, kuda nkhawa;
- kukulira kutsokomola ndi ntchofu ndi kumera kwake kuchokera pamphuno;
- kuperewera pachifuwa, pamimba;
- kutupa.
Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, maantibayotiki omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso ma seramu apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa nkhumba.
Pofuna kupewa kutaya gulu la nkhumba, ndikofunikira kutemera pasadakhale pogwiritsa ntchito katemera kapena zovuta zina zomwe zimayang'aniridwa kwambiri pasteurellosis ya nkhumba.
Kuphatikiza apo, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuphatikizapo:
- kutsatira malo okhala ngati nyama kuchokera kumafamu ena atagulidwa;
- kukonza ukhondo wa nyumbayo, zida ndi madera oyenda;
- nkhondo yolimbana ndi majeremusi ndi makoswe mu phula.
Swine ascariasis
Mosiyana ndi nkhumba za ku Africa komanso matenda ena, ascariasis ndimatenda owopsa osati nyama zokha, komanso anthu. Nkhumba kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka isanu ndi umodzi amadwala matendawa. Matenda a nkhumba akazindikiridwa, chithandizo chimaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo, apo ayi famuyo sidzangotaya gawo la ziweto zodwala, komanso kuchepetsa zokolola zonse.
Tizilombo tambiri timeneti ndi tinthu tambiri timene timayambitsa matumbo ochepa, matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka akamadya chakudya chovunda, ndi madzi, kudzera mu zinyalala kapena msipu. Mazira a pathogen omwe amalowa m'malo okhala ndi zinyalala za nyama zodwala amatha kupezeka paliponse nkhumba. Swine ascariasis alibe kutchulidwa nyengo, ndipo amathandizira kufalikira kwa matenda:
- ziweto zodzala;
- kunyalanyaza malamulo aukhondo;
- kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kapena kudya zakudya zoperewera, zomwe zimayambitsa kufooka kwa chitetezo cha nyama.
Tizilombo timene timadya timatumbo tambiri, timapweteketsa thupi ndi poizoni ndipo timayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwa mucous. Ngati matendawa atakula, kuchuluka kwa mphutsi zomwe zimapezeka m'mimba mwa nkhumba zimatha kukhala mazana.
Zizindikiro za nkhumba ascariasis koyambirira zimafanana ndi zizindikiro za chibayo. Nyama chifuwa, kutentha kwawo kumakwera, ntchito zawo ndi chilakolako cha chakudya zimachepa. Mawonekedwe amkati amayamba kukula. Suck nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kusanza, kupukusa chakudya, kupumula, kukana kudya, kupuma movutikira. Kuwonjezeka kwa tiziromboti kumawopseza matumbo ndi peritonitis.
Nkhumba zazikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi ascariasis mwanjira yotseguka sizidwala, koma zimakhala magwero a matenda.
Kuthandizira matendawa nkhumba kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi anthelmintic othandizira, omwe nyama zimayenera kuperekedwa pofuna kupewa. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito zoterezi zimachitika kawiri pachaka: m'dzinja ndi masika.
Popewa matenda akuluakulu, ayenera kuvomerezedwa:
- Kuthandizira kuti ziweto zizisungidwa bwino komanso mwaukhondo malo osungira nkhumba;
- yang'anirani mtundu wa chakudya, madzi akumwa, kulinganiza bwino, zakumwa ndi odyetsa.
Nkhumba za Trichinosis
The causative wothandizila nkhumba trichinosis ndi ochepa owopsa osati nyama zoweta, komanso anthu, nematode. Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri kwa anthu chifukwa mumatha kutenga kachilomboka poyesa zopangidwa ndi nyama yodwala. Matenda a nkhumba amadziwika ndi:
- malungo;
- mawonekedwe a edema;
- zotupa pakhungu;
- yotupa njira minofu minofu;
- matupi awo sagwirizana;
- kusintha kwamatenda amanjenje.
Mphutsi za akulu zimatulutsidwa m'matumbo, ndipo mphutsi zamtunduwu zimapezeka mkati mwa minofu ya minofu poyesa.
Njira yotsimikizika yothandiza matenda a nkhumba trichinosis sinayambike, chifukwa chake, zizindikiro zamatendazi zikapezeka, nyama zimapita kokaphedwa. Ndi zowonongeka pang'ono, nyamayo imapita kukakonza zaukadaulo, ndipo mwamphamvu, zimatayidwa mogwirizana ndi chitetezo.
Nkhumba cysticercosis
Nthenda ina yoyambitsidwa ndi helminths, cysticercosis ya nkhumba imayamba popanda zizindikiro zowoneka bwino, koma imatha kukhudza nyama zapakhomo ndi zakuthengo, komanso anthu.
Wothandizirana ndi causative komanso chifukwa chachikulu cha matendawa ndi mphutsi za m'modzi wa matipi, ndikugawana nkhumba m'minyewa ya mtima ndi mafupa, komanso mwa anthu mdera laubongo.
Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chithandizo choyenera komanso zizindikiro za matenda a nkhumba, chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa pakuchinjiriza kwathunthu. Pofuna kupewa zida zodetsedwa kuti zisapangidwe, kuwongolera nyama mwapadera kumachitika ku mabizinesi onse opanga nyama. Nyama yochokera kumafamu omwe amagulitsa ingagulitsidwe pokhapokha kuyesedwa kumalo opangira Chowona Zanyama.
Sarcoptosis kapena kuyabwa kwa nkhumba
Matendawa omwe adayamba chifukwa cha kukoka kwa matendawa amapezekanso ndi:
- zotupa pakhungu;
- kuwoneka kwa ma vesicles okhala ndi madzimadzi ndi maziko a supplement;
- kuyabwa
- mapangidwe a crusts ndi edematous khola pazomwe zakhudzidwa.
Ngati chithandizo cha matendawa sichinayambike pazizindikiro zoyambirira za nkhumba, nyamazo zimakhala pachiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndi kufa. Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nkhumba sarcoptosis amalowa pakhungu la auricles, kenako amafalikira. Chiwerengedwe chachikulu kwambiri cha nyama zomwe zimadwala chimawonedwa pagululo kuyambira miyezi iwiri mpaka isanu, ndipo woweta atcheru amatha kuwona zoopsa masiku 10 mpaka 10 atadwala.
Muzochitika zotsogola, kuyamwa kwa nkhumba, monga chithunzi, kumayendera limodzi ndi kusintha kosasinthika ndikupangitsa kuti nyamayo iphedwe.
Chithandizo cha sarcoptosis ya nkhumba ziyenera kukhala zothandiza komanso zofunikira. Chifukwa cha izi, othandizira kunja amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kukonzekera makonzedwe amkamwa mwamphamvu.
Kupha nkhumba zomwe zadwala chifukwa cha kuyabwa kwake ndizotheka pokhapokha kutha kwa nthawi yoyikika yokhazikika malinga ndi chithandizo chomwe mwasankha.
Kupewa matendawa, monga momwe chimagwirira ntchito ngati nkhumba ku Africa ndi matenda ena, ndikutsatira malamulo aukhondo ndi ukhondo, kusunga ukhondo komanso chitetezo malo osungiramo nyama ndi kuyenda.
Nkhumba za paratyphoid
Pofunsa funso kuti: "Kodi tingapewe bwanji matenda otsegula m'mimba m'matumbo?", Oberera oyambira nthawi zonse samaganizira kuti ndi matenda angati omwe amayenda ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ndimatenda a paratyphoid, omwe amakhudza nyama zazing'ono zokhala ndi miyezi 2-6.
Choyambitsa matendawa ndikuti anyalanyaza wakufesa ndi chakudya cham'badwo. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka komwe kubalidwa ndi paratyphoid bacillus, matendawa amatenga mawonekedwe owopsa kapena osachiritsika, angayambitse kufooka kapena kufa kwa nyama.
Mosiyana ndi nkhumba za ku Africa zotupa komanso matenda ena omwe sangathe kuchiritsidwa, paratyphoid amatha kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala othandizira komanso ma seramu apadera. Ndipo kwa nkhumba zokhala ndi chaka chimodzi ndi theka: Katemera amaperekedwa.
Edema ya nkhumba
Ngati nkhumba zayiyidwa mosayenera mkaka wa amayi, kulandira chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndikusungidwa koyenera, minda nthawi zambiri imakumana ndi vuto linanso lowopsa la nkhumba. Coli edema yoyambitsidwa ndi edema mu piglets imatsagana ndi:
- pafupifupi chitukuko;
- mapangidwe angapo edema ya zimakhala ndi ziwalo zamkati;
- kuwonongeka kwamanjenje.
Zizindikiro za matendawa zimayamba kuonekera patangotha masiku awiri kuchokera chiwopsezo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa kutentha kwakukulu mpaka 41 ° C. Kukula msanga kwa matenda a nkhumba kumabweretsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha ziwalo, amamva kupweteka kuchokera ku edema ngakhale atakhudzidwa ndikufa patangotha maola ochepa.
Chithandizo cha edematous matenda a piglets ayenera kukhala achangu. Chifukwa cha izi, nyama ndizochepa kupatsa chakudya kwa maola 12-20 ndipo zimapatsidwa mankhwala a acidophilic ndi antibacterial monga amatsogozedwa ndi veterinarian. Sinthani zakudya, kuphatikiza mankhwala a lactic acid ndi chakudya chamafuta.
