Malo oyipa azikhalidwe zamalimi

Kulima dimba sikophweka. Zaka zambiri zogwirira ntchito, ndalama zina zapachaka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posamalira ndi kuteteza mitengo ndi zitsamba ndipo patapita zaka zochepa (zitha kuchitika) imani kutsogolo kwa mundawo "wodwala", ndikufinya mosabisa ndodo yonyamula mankhwala yothira mankhwala ndi mankhwala oopsa. Kodi zolakwika zingapewe? Inde mungathe! Kuti mupewe izi, ndikofunikira kufulumira ndi kubzala mbewu zamalimi mdziko muno "pang'onopang'ono." Mwachangu, dimba lobzalidwa pambuyo pake silidzabweretsa chisangalalo.

Kuti muziika mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba m'munda, ndikofunikira kudziwa mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse wa mtengo: kukula, mtundu wa mizu, momwe chilengedwe, tizirombo ndi matenda, zimagwirizirana ndi mbewu zapafupi. Amadziwika kuti pali mitengo yazipatso yomwe imatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa mbewu zina, oyandikana nawo owopsa omwe amafalitsa matenda, olima mundawo omwe amateteza ndikufalitsa tizirombo ndi matenda m'nthaka.

Timapanga mapulani oyandikira

Atapeza tsambalo, mwini wakeyo akuyamba mwamphamvu chitukuko chake ndikupanga cholakwa chachikulu. Mitengo ndi zitsamba zobzalidwa osayang'ana momwe zimakhalira, kuphatikiza, pakapita nthawi, zimayamba kupondana, kupatsirana matenda ndi tizilombo, kudwala chifukwa chosowa magetsi, zakudya, chinyezi. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri kujambula njira zingapo momwe maina apadera:

• lembani malire a malowo,
• tchulani malo omwe akukhalamo ndi nyumba zafamu,
• pakuwunikira kolondola kwa mbewu zam'tsogolo m'mundamu, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe momwe malowo aliri poyerekeza ndi makhadinolo akuluakulu: kumwera, kumpoto, kumadzulo, kum'mawa ndikulemba - nthawi yanji tsiku lina madera ena adzayatsidwa ndi dzuwa (kwa okonda dzuwa ndi mbewu zosalolera mthunzi),
• sonyezani mtundu wa dothi - chernozem, loam, loam sandy, etc.,
• Onetsetsani kuti akuwonetsa kuya kwa pansi pamadzi.

Kulowera kwotsatira ndi mndandanda wam'munda ndi zipatso zamaluwa ndi mabulosi. Mndandandawu siwikulu kwambiri, koma makonzedwe osayenera a mitengo m'mundamo, malo osafunikira, mpikisano - zonsezi zimatha kuchepetsa nkhawa zonse mpaka zero.

Chifukwa chake, m'mundamo mumakhala mitengo iwiri iliyonse ya mbewu zomwe zikufunika, poganiza kuti ndi okhwima, mwachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi mitengo ya maapulo, mapeyala, plums, yamatcheri, yamatcheri, apricots, mapichesi, mtedza. Olima dimba kuwonjezera pamenepo amabzala mbewu zosowa. Mwa zitsamba, nthawi zambiri mabulosi amakhala ndi anthu akuda ndi ofiira, ma jamu, rasipiberi, chokeberry, sea buckthorn, irga, mabulosi akutchire.

Mutatsimikiza kumtunda wa zipatso ndi mabulosi, lowetsani zomwezo pagome la mpikisano ndi oyandikana nawo osayenera. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa bwino lomwe ndi mbewu zamtunda ziti zomwe zibzalidwe, poganizira mgwirizano, mpikisano ndi njira zotetezera.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji mpikisano kuti mupulumuke?

Ndikwabwino kubzala dimba kum'mwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa, kugawa mizere ya mitengo kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera. Zomera za zipatso zimakhazikitsidwa muzotentha komanso zimagwiritsa ntchito dzuwa nthawi yambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa mpikisano pakuwunikira komanso kulimba kwake.

Mitengo ya Apple ndi mapeyala ikhoza kubzala kumbali yakumpoto. Kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka, mizere yakunja kwa mundawo imakhala ndi mbewu zomwe sizimachepa, ndipo miyala yayitali imakhala m'mizere yotsatira. Ndikwabwino kukonza zitsamba zokongoletsera zipatso - phulusa laphiri, viburnum, hawthorn, galu adanyamuka pafupi ndi mpanda kunja kwa dimba, powonera kudzipatula. Iwo akhama poletsa kukula kwa zipatso za zipatso.

Ndikosatheka kubzala m'munda wosakanizika pamalo amodzi okha, ndibwino kuti mitengo yazipatso mitundu ndikugwirizana, kugwirizanitsa makatani amtunda ndi mawonekedwe a tsamba lonselo. Makatani amtunda payekhapayekha akhoza kukhala mitundu ingapo ya zipatso zamtunda zomwe zingagwirizane bwino komanso nthawi yomweyo yakucha kwa mbewu. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mungu ubowolere, kupatsanso zipatso zambiri.

Koma ngakhale zikhalidwe zofananazo zimakhala zotsutsana ndi kokhazikika. Pakati pawo akuyamba kulimbana kwa malo, chakudya ndi kuyatsa. Mtengo wophukidwa mofooka umaponderezedwa, umakula pang'onopang'ono ndikufa, kudzidulira kumachitika. Pofuna kupewa zoterezi, ndikofunikira kutsatira zofunikira zachilengedwe.

Siyani mtunda pakati pa mpikisano wolima zipatso osachepera 5-7 m. Mu mzere pakati pa mbewu zomwe zikuphatikizika bwino, mulimbikitsidwa mtunda wa mita 3. Komabe, ndizolondola kwambiri kubzala mbewu, ndikuwona momwe mulifupi wa korona ndi mizu ya mtundu uliwonse wazikhalidwe zamitengo

Mwachitsanzo, mu apurikoti, korona wa mtengo wachikulire ndi 3.0-3.6 m, ndipo m'mimba mwake wamizu umapitilira nthawi 1.5-2.0. Pomenyera kuyatsa ndi madzi, mazu a apurikoti azidzapondera pichesi, chitumbuwa, apulo, peyala, mitengo ina yaying'ono ndi zitsamba.

Zikhalidwe zooneka ngati mzere zingabzalidwe mzere pambuyo pa 2.0-2.5 m, ndi pakati pa mizere 2-3 mpaka 2.5-3.0 m.

Ngati malowa ali ndi malo okwera komanso otsetsereka, ndiye kuti kumalire ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kuli bwinonso kuyika dimba kuyambira pakati mpaka kumapazi. Pamtunda wakumpoto - kuchokera pamphepete mpaka pakati, popeza kumapeto kwa minda kumafa chifukwa cha chisanu ndi mpweya wambiri.

Ngati pansi panthaka pali pafupi dothi, ndibwino kubzala zipatso pamitunda yazocheperako komanso pang'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya apulo, plums, mapeyala m'malo obzala. Mitengo yazipatso yokhala ndi nthangala (yayitali) imasiyanitsidwa ndikubzala m'mapiri ochita kupanga kapena pamiyeso yayikulu kwambiri ndi monoculture (2-3 apricots) kapena mtengo wosiyana (walnut).

Kusagwirizana kapena kukokana kwa mbeu zamalilime kumachitika chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo. Pa kutalika kofananira ndi mainchesi a korona, mpikisano ukhoza kupita pakuwunikira ndi ma airpace, kumamwa zakudya kuchokera ku dothi limodzi. Izi zimayambitsa mpikisano pakati pa pichesi ndi apricot, pichesi ndi chitumbuwa, peyala, apulo, ndi zina zambiri.

Mutha kuthana ndimavuto oyanjana ndi kulima dimba posamalira. Mwa kupanga zofunikira, pochita zinthu zonse za agrotechnical, poganizira za chikhalidwe cha kukula, kukula kwa chikhalidwe, magawo osiyanasiyana azamasamba, ndizotheka kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa kwathunthu kuwonekera kochititsa chidwi pakati pazomera. M'minda yosakanikirana, mbewu zachikondi komanso zopatsa mthunzi zimaphatikizidwa, ndikuzika mizu mozama komanso yopanda phokoso, nthawi zosiyanasiyana za kuyamwa kwambiri kwa michere (nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu, kufufuza zinthu, ndi zina).

Orchard.

Ngati nyumba yanyengo yachilimwe ili pafupi ndi nkhalangoyi, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuwonjezera malo osiyanitsidwa ndi mamita 7 m. Kukhumudwitsa munda kubzala phulusa, mapulo, thundu, birch. Pokhala ndi mizu yophukira, iwo amateteza chinyezi ku "mbewu zowonongeka" zomwe zimalimidwa, kufalitsa nduwira mochedwa kuzimiririka ndikupanga mthunzi wopanda pake.

Zomera zokongoletsera ndizodziwikiratu zazipatso zambiri. Amakula mwachangu, amagwira malo atsopano ndikuletsa zolengedwa zina. Zachitsamba chokongoletsera nyumba, zimaphatikizapo sea-buckthorn, barberry, viburnum, rose, lilac, galu adadzuka, kunyoza. Kuti achotse mkwiyo wawo wokonda kupsa mtima, mbewu izi zimabzalidwa mosiyana ndi mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba (Gome 1).

Zipatso ndi mabulosi kuyenderana

Matenda ndi omwe amachititsa kuti chikhalidwe chisagwirizane

Chifukwa china chosagwirizana ndi mbewu zamalonda ndi matenda opatsirana. Amapanga ndi kukhudza zipatso zingapo nthawi imodzi pamaso pa:

• pathogen
• chiwopsezo chamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso kapena zipatso.
• mikhalidwe yabwino yachitukuko ndikugawa.

Orchard.

Sipangawonongeke zipatso za zipatso ngati causative wothandizila matendawa atawonongedwa kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko ndikubereka kapena kulibeko kwathunthu. Zomera za zipatso zimakhudzidwa ndi bowa, mabakiteriya, mavairasi. Nthawi zina matenda a horticultural mbewu amapangidwa ndi tizilombo (nyerere). Mu izi, kulimbana kumachitika mbali ziwiri: tizilombo ndi matendawa zimawonongeka.

M'matenda ena opatsirana, kuzungulira kwazinthu zonse za chitukuko kumachitika pa chomera chimodzi (nkhanambo, zowola za zipatso, cococycosis, moniliosis, powdery mildew, ma bacteria atawona, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowola, khansa wamba), koma zimakhudza mitundu yambiri. Mitundu ya 1-2 yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndi matendawa ikafa, zipatso zotsalazo zimapitiliza kukula kwawo. Kuteteza mbewu ku matenda amodzi-omwe, mankhwala omwewo angagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma bwino (kwa munda wamseri) - zachilengedwe.

Mwa matenda fungal pali gulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opatsirana ndi kusintha kwa eni panthawi yachitukuko. Nthawi yozungulira yopanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imakhala magawo angapo. Aliyense wa iwo amafuna wolandira mosiyana. Bowa wotereyu amadziwika kuti ndi wozungulira ndipo posakhala ndi m'modzi wamakamu, bowa amaletsa kukula kwake. Bowa wamitundu yosiyanasiyana umakhudza mitundu yamitundu yokha ndipo ndiwo chifukwa chachikulu chosagwirizana zipatso, zokongoletsera komanso nkhalango m'minda yolumikizira limodzi. Bowa wa dzimbiri amakhudza mapeyala, mitengo ya apulo, hawthorn, maula, phulusa wamapiri ndi mbewu zina. Wogwirizira wapakatikati ndi juniper. Spores ya bowa yophatikizidwa pa juniper mu kasupe imakhudza mbewu yazipatso. Pofuna kuteteza mbewu zam'munda ku matenda oyamba ndi fungus, kudzipatula kwakofunikira ndikofunikira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo zikhalidwe zonse ziwiri kapena kusokoneza kusintha kwa tizilomboti pothana ndi imodzi mwa izo. Zambiri pazokhudza matenda monga magwero osagwirizana azikhalidwe zimapezeka pagome.

Matenda a m'munda ndi mabulosi mbewu