Aliyense amene adadula chakudyacho, adawona kuti, podutsa khungwa lakuda laimaso, chitsulo chimafotokozera bwino buluwuli wake wofiyira, yemwe amasintha mtundu kukhala wa bulauni, kenako utoto wofiirira. Mitengo ya Alder imasiyanitsidwanso ndi chumacho. Dulani, limakhala loyera, pakapita kanthawi pang'ono limayamba kukhala lofiira, ndipo likadzayamba, limayamba kukhala la pinki. Koma kuthekera kosintha mtundu wamatabwa ndikungopanga chimodzi mwazinthu zambiri zosangalatsa za alder zotchedwa zakuda (makungwa a mitengo yakale ndi yakuda) kapena yomata (masamba apang'ono, mphukira ndi masamba oterera).
Tsitsi lakuda, kapena Alder povutirapo, kapena Alder European (Alnus glutinosa) - Mtundu wa mitengo yamitundu ya Alder (Alnus) wa banja la a Birch (Betulaceae).
Wood Alder Wood © Sten PorsePalibe mtundu umodzi womwe umakhala malo obiriwira, amdima, komanso otetezedwa anthu. Sizovuta kusirira kukongola kwa alder. Pamera udzu wokulirapo, womwe pakati pake mumamera maukonde komanso tizilombo tokhala ndi mbewu, chopondacho chimabisala mbali zobisika za phokoso lalikulu. Kenako ingoyang'anani pansi pa phazi lanu ndikukhala ndi nthawi yolimbana ndi udzudzu wokwiyitsa.
Ndipo chopondera chinakweza chimtengo chocheperako, pafupifupi 30 mamitala, chomwe chinali ndi korona yaying'ono wonyezimira, yemwe samveka bwino ndi nsonga yakutali. Pomalizira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira ndi pomwe alder amataya zovala zake, ndipo chodabwitsa ndichakuti masamba amagwa wobiriwira kwathunthu. Pokulira, mlendo wamba ndi birch kapena spruce, ndipo chitumbuwa cha mbalame ndi viburnum zimangokhala pamphepete.
Mwambiri, chithunzicho chimakhala chosadetsa nkhawa kwa munthu yemwe sadziwa bwino nkhalango. Wotsogola ndi chiyembekezo. Chingwe chosawoneka? Koma mahekitala akewo amapatsa mamitala 500 amitengo yamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, alder ndi dothi losowa: limapanga timinofu tating'onoting'ono tokhala m'mizu ndi mabakiteriya omwe amalowetsa nayitrogeni kuchokera kumlengalenga.
Chingwe chakuda, kapena chopondera, kapena chopopera cha ku Europe (Alnus glutinosa). © Myrthe PelAlder amabereka mwachangu. Zitsa zake zimapereka mipukutu yonse ya mphukira zomwe zimakula mwachangu zomwe zimatha kukula ndi 1.5-2 metres mchaka choyamba, ndipo pamapeto pake zimafikira kukula kwa omwe adalipo kale. Komabe, mbewu zokulira zimapambana. Kumayambiriro koyambira, bulauni, lofiirira, lofanana ndi birch, mphaka amatalika, kutupa ndikutulutsa mitambo ya mungu wachikasu.
Maluwa akuda. Amuna (amphaka) ndi akazi (ma cones) inflorescence. © Ramon Bravo AlisedaImakutidwa ndi kuwinduka ndi mphepo, imayenda mungu m'maluwa a maluwa oyandikira pamitengo yoyandikana nayo. Gwiritsani ntchito nyengoyi ndi njuchi, kusamalira mungu wamphamvu kuti mudyetse mwana. Maluwa opangidwa bwino amapanga ma cone ang'onoang'ono, omwe mu kasupe wa chaka chamawa amabalalitsa mbewu masauzande masauzande pafupifupi kukula kwake.
Kutsegula ma cones kumagwirizana ndi kusefukira kwamadzi. Kutumphuka kumathandizira kufalikira kwa mbewu za alder pamtunda wautali. Kugwira pamadzi, amayandama nthawi yayitali mpaka atakhazikika m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe amamera.
Alder al Green, kapena Mountain alder (Alnus viridis). © Mat LavinMitundu ya Alder
Pafupifupi mitundu 30 ikuphatikiza mtundu wa alder, womwe 12 umamera m'gawo la Soviet Union wakale. Zoyenera kudya zimakonda kukhala “zolimba mtima kwambiri” mwa mitundu yonse ya zoweta alder shrub: imapirira molimbika zikhalidwe za Arctic, imakula kudutsa m'nkhalango-tundra, ndipo nthawi zina mu tundra.
Simungakane kulimba mtima ndipo wometa ndevu, atakhazikika m'malo omata komanso osowa kwambiri chinsomba Colchis. Inde ndipo alpine Nepalese odzikuza kwambiri. Imakhala mowolowa manja m'matanthwe a Eastern Himalayas. Mitundu yamtengo wapatali kwambiri mdziko lathuli imadziwika kuti ndi yakuda, yomwe imafalikira kulikonse ku Europe ku Russia ndipo nthawi zambiri imapitilira ku Urals kupita ku Yenisei. Mitengo yake yokongola, yapinki, yokhala ndi buluzi ndiyosavuta kuyipanga komanso kupukuta kwambiri. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamaimbidwe ndi zida zokumba. Makala kuchokera ku mitengo yakuda yamalonda imagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula ndi kukonza zida zoteteza pakompyuta.
Nepalese alder (Alnus nepalensis). © John RuterChifukwa chokongoletsa, mitundu yakuda ndi ina komanso mitundu ya mitundu imabzalidwa m'mapaki pafupi ndi mitsinje, nyanja, dziwe. Tisaiwale kuti zipatso zazitali ndizomwe zimakonda kwambiri zakudya zamasiseche ndi tapas.
Chifukwa chake kudziwana kwathu ndi mtengo wosangalatsa kudachitika, komwe omasulira mitengo nthawi zambiri amati: "pafupifupi chimpira."
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito: S. I. Ivchenko - Buku lonena za mitengo
