Kholifulawa - wathanzi komanso chokoma!

Cauliflower, wofanana ndi broccoli, ndi m'modzi wabanja lopachika, Brassica coleracea. Gawo loyera si zipatso kapena masamba, koma mphukira lalifupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mavitamini onse omwe amayenera kupita mu duwa kenako mu chipatso amasungidwa mu inflorescence, ndikupangitsa kolifulawa, ngati broccoli, kukhala yothandiza kwambiri kwa thupi. Kuphatikiza pa mavitamini ena, kolifulawa imakhala ndi vitamini C, K, folic acid ndi potaziyamu.

Kholifulawa. © liz kumadzulo

Cauliflower, Latin - Brassica oleracea.

Kholifulawa ndi chomera pachaka. Mutu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya - wafupikitsa tsinde ndi mphukira zokhala ndi maluwa. Mitu yodziwika bwino yamipando yoyambirira imapangidwa patadutsa masiku 85-90 mutamera patatha zaka 120-130 - mitundu yoyambira yoyambirira. Pali mitundu ya kolifulawa yomwe ili ndi mitu yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo pali mitundu yaying'ono pomwe mtunda pakati pa mbewu ukukwanira pa 15 cm.

Kholifulawa amafunikira kwambiri pamikhalidwe yomwe ikukula. Komabe, pali ma hybrids abwino kwambiri a F1 kuyambira koyambirira kwambiri mpaka m'ma mochedwa, nthawi zambiri kumatsimikizira kuti zinthu zikuwayendera.

Ovary of Cauliflower. © Dan Meineck

Kukula ndi kubzala mbande

Kuti mupeze zokolola zoyambirira, kolifulawa imabzala mbande zoyambira (Marichi, Epulo) mbande. Nthawi izi, mitundu yakholifulawa ya Garantia, Movir 74, Otechestvennaya, ndi Gr Grovovskaya 1355 mitundu yofesedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena mu nazale. Dothi polimitsa mbande za kolifulawa liyenera kukhala lopepuka kuposa mbande za mitundu ina ya kabichi. Cauliflower mbande yomwe imamera mu wowonjezera kutentha imayika malo osawoneka bwino kutengera nyengo ya Epulo-Meyi, komanso pansi pa nyumba yopanga mafilimu - masiku 10-15 m'mbuyomu.

Kukonzekera dothi la kolifulawa kumayeneranso mitundu ya kabichi. Kholifulawa nthawi zambiri amabzala m'chaka choyamba atayambitsa manyowa, pomwe milingo ya feteleza wamankhwala ndi nthawi ya kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndi chimodzimodzi kabichi. Kumbukirani kuti kuwonjezereka kwa nayitrogeni kumapangitsa kutsika kwa mitu.

Zomera zabwino zimayenda bwino pofesa mbewu za mbande pabedi pansi pa filimuyo mu zaka zitatu za Epulo. Mbewu zofesedwa patali pakati pa mizere 10 cm, mu mzere - 5-6 masentimita. Mutafesa, bedi limakutidwa ndi zofunda kapena ma arcs otsika amayikidwa ndikuyika filimu ya pulasitiki. Pamasiku ofunda, filimuyo imatsegulidwa pang'ono kapena kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, apo ayi mbande imatambasuka mwachangu. Sichiyenera kupitilira, chifukwa m'nkhaniyi ma batani okhala ndi batani amatha kupanga.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mbande ndizovuta ngakhale kuchepa kwakanthawi kwamadzi ndi michere. Mukukula kwa mbande, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika (masabata awiri atamera) pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa Agricola-1. Mbande zibzalidwe pamalo osatha masamba anayi owona atapangidwa.

Kuti mupeze zipatso za kolifulawa nthawi ina (kukolola komwe kwakonzedwa kumapeto kwa Seputembala - Okutobala), njere zimafesedwa mu Meyi (woyamba - zaka makumi atatu) momwemonso. Kusamalira mbewu ndikofanana ndi masiku akale obzala. Choyamba, mbande zimamera pamalo ochepa pabedi, kenako, mu June, zimasinthidwa kumalo okhazikika.

Mbande zimabzalidwa m'mphepete mpaka 100 cm. Pambuyo pokumba zoposa 1 sq.m, 1 chikho cha phulusa, supuni 1 ya superphosphate ndi nitrophosphate ndi 2-3 kg ya feteleza wachilengedwe (manyowa kapena masamba humus) amawonjezeredwa. Zitatha izi, bedi limakumbidwa mpaka pakufika masentimita 10-12. Mbewu zimabzalidwa malinga ndi chiwembu: 50 cm pakati pa mizere, mzera - 25-30 cm.

Kholifulawa. © Linda

Zinthu zikukula

Kutentha: Mu dera lomwe silili chernozem, mitundu yoyambilira komanso yoyambilira imagawidwa, yomwe imakhala ndi chisanu chochepa kwambiri ndipo imalekerera kutentha pang'ono. Ngakhale kolifulawa ndi chomera choletsa kutentha, kutentha kwakukulu pakukula kwake ndi 15-18 ° C.

Kuwala: Cauliflower ndichikhalidwe chosangalatsa kwambiri, makamaka pakakula kwa mbande ndikupanga masamba. Iyenera kubzalidwa pokhapokha pamalo abwino.

Dothi: Cauliflower ili ndi mizu yofowoka, yopanga bwino yomwe imamera bwino munthaka. Chifukwa chake, kolifulawa imafunikira chonde ndi chinyezi.

Chinyezi cha dothi ndi mpweya ziyenera kukhala 70-80%. Pamatenthedwe pamwamba pa 22 ° C, chisamaliro chimayenera kutengedwa kuti dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Ngakhale kuphatikiza kwakanthawi kofikira kwa mbande kapena mbewu zazikulu kumabweretsa kuwonongeka koyenera komanso kutsika kwa zokolola. Kutsirira kuyenera kuwonjezereka kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe a mitu. Ndikofunika kuti mulch nthaka m'nthaka. Komabe, siyenera kusefukira, chifukwa ndi chinyezi chambiri, mbewu zimadwala.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Cauliflower imagwira bwino ntchito loam kapena loam sandy yokhala ndi humus yayikulu. Koma mulimonsemo, simungathe kubzala mbewu m'nthaka yomwe yakumbidwa tsopano, muyenera kudikirira sabata limodzi. Malo omasuka azikhala ophatikizika pang'ono. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, kolifulawa (komanso kabichi) imakonda kupakidwa, kukonzedwa dothi miyezi ingapo isanabzalidwe.

Acidity acidity ndi yandale kapena pang'ono acidic. Maimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dzinja mchaka chapitacho kubzala. Ngati mahatchi, sorelo, sorelo limamera pamalopo, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha dothi la asidi. Mlingo wa laimu kutengera acidity ndi kuuma kwa nthaka ndikuchokera pa 0,3 mpaka 0,5 kg / sq. mita Njira yothandiza kwambiri yochepetsera acidity ndikuyamba kufalitsa dothi lolingana ndi laimu kapena phulusa, kenako ndikumwaza ndi manyowa (mullein), kenako ndikuukumba. Cauliflower amayankha bwino pakubwera kwa Mlingo wapamwamba wa humus kapena kompositi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthaka ndi feteleza wogwiritsa ntchito zimakhudza kukoma kwake. Cauliflower amayankha bwino pakuvala kwapamwamba ndi boron ndi molybdenum pamagawo ogulitsa.

Feteleza

Feteleza pansi pa kolifulawa ndi umayikidwa pansi pa kabichi yoyera. Komabe, pansi pa kolifulawa, malo abwino kwambiri, otentha amapatsidwa. Chapakatikati pa 1 lalikulu. mita: 6-8 makilogalamu a manyowa kapena kompositi, 20-25 g ya superphosphate iwiri, 30-35 g ya potaziyamu mankhwala enaake kapena sulfate, 0,5 supuni ya boric acid, ammonium nitrate 25-30 g kapena urea 15 g / sq. mita Kuti apulumutse feteleza, ena mwa iwo amadzalowetsedwa m'maenje obzala, osakanikirana bwino ndi dothi. M'malo mwa feteleza wina wa potashi, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la nkhuni, makamaka pobzala mabowo.

Kholifulawa. © pizzodisevo

Mitundu yoyambirira ndi ma hybrids

Alefa: Wophatikiza zipsa kumayambiriro kwambiri: Patatha masiku 56-60 kuchokera pobereka. Mitu yake ndi yoyera kwambiri, yotuwa, yosalala.

Movir-74: Zosiyanazo zayamba kucha. Mitu yake ndi yozungulira komanso yozungulira, yotalika kukula komanso yayikulu, ndipo m'mimba mwake muli masentimita 12 mpaka 65. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 390-1380 g. Mtundu wa mutu ndi loyera, nthawi zambiri umakhala wachikasu. Kukoma ndikokwera. Simalimbana ndi kutentha komanso kutentha. Kumvera kuthirira.

Dziko lapansi: Mitundu yoyambirira: kuyambira kubzala mbande mpaka kukolola - masiku 51-65. Oyenera kukula pansi pa kanema komanso panthaka. Mutu ndikuwoneka bwino, wolimba, wolemera 380-500 g.

Sierra: Mitengo yam'munda yoyambirira. Mitu yake ndi yotakata, yayikulu, yoyera.

Fotokozani: Yabwino kwambiri m'makalasi oyambirira. Kuyambira kubzala mbande mu Meyi mpaka kukolola - masiku 50-62. Amapangidwa pansi pa kanema komanso m'malo abwino kutchire. Kuchuluka kwa mutu ndi 370-480 g. Kupanga ndi 1.2-1.4 kg / sq.m.

Mapasa apakatikati

Patriotic: Nthawi yakula ndi masiku 100-120. Mitu yake ndi yoyera, yofinya, yapakatikati, yolemera 700-800 g.

Yako: Zokolola zochuluka, zopangidwa makamaka kulimidwa kwa chilimwe ndi nyundo. Mutu ndi wolimba, wolemera 650-820 g.Mitundu munthawi yochepa: kuyambira kubzala mbande mpaka kukolola - masiku 55-65.

Maphunziro kumapeto

Consista: Giredi yaposachedwa. Kuyambira kubzala mbande mpaka kukolola masiku 75-90. Imalekerera kuzizira kwa m'dzinja. Mutuwo ndi wamkulu komanso wolimba, wolemera 550-820 g.

Chizindikiro chachikulu: Nthawi yakula ndi masiku 200-220. Mituyi ndi yokuda kwambiri, yoyera, yolemera mpaka 2-2,5 kg.

Regent: Zochedwa kusiyanasiyana. Kuyambira kubzala mbande mpaka kukolola - masiku 73-87. Kuchuluka kwa mutu ndi 530-800 g.

Kholifulawa. © pizzodisevo

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Nsapato Crucifer

Ichi ndi kachilombo komwe kali ndi maonekedwe owala, achikaso, ofiira ndi oyera, mikwingwirima ndi maonekedwe ake, okhala pamtambo wakuda wachitsulo. Kubzala zitsamba kuchokera pamasamba, nsikidzi kumayambitsa mawanga oyera, chikasu, kufinya, ndipo nthawi zina kufa kwa chomera. Ma Bedbugs amaika dzira lobooka kumbuyo kwa masamba m'mizere iwiri (mazira 6 mzere uliwonse). Mphutsi zomwe zimatuluka mazira ndizofanana kwambiri ndi akulu, zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwa mapiko. Zimayenda mmera ndikuwonongeka, ngati nsikidzi zachikulire. Nsikidzi zimanyamuka nthawi yachisanu mchaka chachiwiri cha Ogasiti.

Njira zoyendetsera:

1. Kuwonongeka kwa namsongole.
2. Tizilombo tikawoneka, timayenera kusungidwa pafupipafupi ndikuwathandizira ndi mankhwala a anyezi.

Mitambo yophulika

Awa ndi kachilomboka ting'onoting'ono (mpaka 3 mm) wokhala ndi miyendo yakumbuyo kumbuyo, wokhala ndi mapiko akuda okhala ndi mikwaso yachikasu. Chikumbu kupitirira pansi pa zinyalala zinyalala. Kumayambiriro koyambirira, amabwera pamwamba ndikuyamba kudya zakudya za banja la kabichi, popeza kulibe mbewu zobzalidwa kale. Pomwe mphukira zoyambirira za radish ndi rutabaga zimatuluka, zimasunthira kwa iwo, kenako ndikubwerera kumabichi amangoyembekezera. Amakumba tinthu tating'onoting'ono topanga timitengo tambiri, timene pamakauma malo, zinyalala ndi mabowo. Ntchito za kafadala zimawonjezeka nthawi yotentha komanso yopanda nyengo. Nyengo yotentha komanso yanyontho, kafadala amazizira ndipo ngakhale amabisala pansi pazotupa za dziko lapansi. Izi nsikidzi zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri nthawi ya kasupe zikamadya mphukira zazing'ono, kenako zimayikira mazira m'nthaka. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono akuluakulu ochokera ku zidole timawonekera kumapeto kwa Julayi, koma sizimapweteketsa kwambiri, ndipo mu Seputembala adanyamuka kukapita nthawi yachisanu.

Njira zoyendetsera:

1. Udzu wachinyamata
2. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kafadala, muwononge ndi infusions, decoctions azitsamba ndi fumbi louma la phulusa louma losakanizidwa ndi fumbi la fodya mulingo wofanana.

Azungu oyipa kwambiri

Azungu opachika gulugufe ndi okulirapo (55-60 mm) ali ndi mapiko oyera; pamwamba pa mapiko akutsogolo pali malire akuda a crescent. Yaikazi ili ndi mawanga awiri akuda pamapiko akutsogolo.
Mapira amtundu wachikasu obiriwira ndi mawonekedwe amdima ndi madontho kumbuyo. Pupae overwinter pamipanda, mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo, nthawi zambiri pamitengo yazomera. Nyengo yozizira, yozizira, pupae amafa. Gulugufe woyamba wa kabichi yoyera amapezeka theka loyamba la Meyi. Mu mitambo nyengo agulugufe sawuluka. Koma patsiku lotentha kotentha amakwatirana ndimayikira mazira achikasu makamaka pamasamba kabichi. Pambuyo pa masiku 8 mpaka 12, mbozi zimawonekera kuchokera ku mazira otayidwa. Pakanthawi pang'ono amamatirana mbali yamasamba, kenako ndikuboweka pamalowo. Amphaka amadya masamba ndipo amawononga kwambiri mbewu ya kabichi.

Njira zoyendetsera:

1. Kuwonongeka kwa namsongole.
2. Kuwaza mbewu ndi zinthu zachilengedwe motsutsana ndi mbozi za azaka zazing'ono.
3. Kutolera mbozi zachikulire ndi dzanja.

Kabichi scoop

Ichi ndi gulugufe m'mapiko ofika mpaka 50 mm. Mapiko akutsogolo otuwa komanso oyera mizere yoyera komanso malo awiri amdima, mapiko akumbuyo akhungu. Kaboleti kabichi ndi vuto loopsa osati zomera za banja la kabichi zokha, zitha kuwononga nandolo, beets, anyezi ndi mbewu zina zobzalidwa. Pupa limabisala m'nthaka. Gulugufe amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku pupae amadya timadzi tokoma tating'onoting'ono ta maluwa, kukwatirana ndi kuyikira mazira usiku pamulu pa milu ya masamba, makamaka kabichi. Amphaka amasiya mazira kwa masiku 7-14. Poyamba amakhala limodzi, amakanda thupi lamasamba, ndipo akakula, amadya mabowo osakhwima pamasamba. Amadyetsa, monga lamulo, usiku, ndi kubisala masana. Makungu amisaka okalamba amaluma pamutu pa kabichi, pomwe amatafuna malembedwe, ndikuwayipitsa. Mutu wowonongeka wa roti kabichi. Amphaka amapweteka mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira

Njira zoyendetsera:

1. Kukumba kwakatakata kwa dothi kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyengo yozizira komanso kumapangitsa kuti agulugufe aziuluka.
2. Udzu kuwononga
3. Kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga ma track.
4. Kuwonongeka kwa mbozi zoyambira, zinthu zachilengedwe ndi infusions wa chowawa, nsonga za mbatata, etc. zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Akabuluka kabichi

Ntchentche ili ngati ntchentche. Kabichi imawonongeka ndi mitundu iwiri ya ntchentche - masika ndi chilimwe. Zowopsa kwambiri ndizo mtundu woyamba. Kutentha, ntchentche zouluka zimayikira mazira panthaka pafupi ndi mbewu. Mphutsi zamkaka kuzungulira mazira zimalowa muzu wa kabichi, ndikupangitsa kuti muzu uvunde.

Njira zoyendetsera:

1. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyengo yozizira pupae yopukutira nthaka.
2. Kuchepetsa ntchentche nthawi ya mazira atagona masika poyipitsa ndi phulusa, fodya, udzu winawake.

Kholifulawa. © mckaysavage