Anthurium mu vivo amakhala ku South ndi Central America. Pamenepo amadziwika kuti "lilime lamoto", dzina lachiwiri la chomera ndi "maluwa a flamingo". Timalitcha duwa "chisangalalo chachimuna" - anthu amakhulupirira kuti ngati mutachisamalira, chisangalalo chimabwera mnyumbamo. Amamasuka, ndikupanga mtima wofiyira, koma pali mitundu ina.
Zomera zimakhala zowoneka bwino. Chifukwa cha inflorescence, cobs ndi yosalala chonyezimira, imakhala ndi gloss yakunja, imakhala ngati yokutidwa ndi sera.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amtundu wachikopa, amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana: mtima, watali, wotakata, wathunthu, wophunzitsidwa bwino. Zokongoletsera zazikulu za anthurium zili mu inflorescence yachilendo, yomwe imatha kukhala yamtunduwu, kuyambira oyera-oyera mpaka mithunzi yofiirira yakuda, palinso yakuda.
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 800 yazikhalidwe, koma kunyumba ndi gawo laling'ono lokha lomwe limabadwa. Odziwika kwambiri ndi:
- Anthurium Andre,
- Crystal
- Scherzer.
Misonkhano yonse, mitundu yonse ya mbewu agawidwa m'mitundu itatu:
- Maluwa.
- Greenleaf.
- Zosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu yambiri imatha kumera mu wowonjezera kutentha;
Andre ndi epiphyte, amafikira kutalika kwa mita imodzi, masamba ake ndi okulirapo, ndipo mizu yake ndi yampweya. Peduncle pafupifupi masentimita 15, chivundikiro chowoneka bwino pamtima chokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo chimakula mpaka 20 cm.
Scherzer ndi mtundu wamba pakati pa wamaluwa. Wamng'ono kuposa woyamba, tsinde mpaka 40 cm kutalika. Masamba ndi matte, achikopa, zobiriwira zakuda mbali zonse zokutidwa ndi madontho. Tizilombo totseka timafikira 30 cm, chivundikiro chofiira cha lalanje, ndipo khutu limakhala lalanje kapena chikasu.
Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imayimiriridwa ndi odziwika kwambiri: kristalo komanso wopambana. Ndi ofanana wina ndi mnzake. Masamba ofupikirapo, amtundu wakuda wobiriwira amakhala opaka bwino ndi mitsempha yoyera. Kusiyanako kuli mumtanda wa tsamba petiole: mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndi tetrahedral, ndipo kristalo ndizowzungulira.
Pakuwononga malo, amagwiritsanso ntchito kukwera, Hooker, Baker, masamba asanu ndi ena ena.
Duwa la Anthurium: chisamaliro chakunyumba
Kuti chomera chikhale bwino, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zinthu zofunika monga chinyezi, kutentha ndi kuwala. Ngati mutabweretsa pafupi ndi chilengedwe, duwa limakusangalatsani ndi maluwa okongola obiriwira komanso maluwa ataliatali kuyambira kumayambiriro kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Malangizo kuthirira ndi feteleza
Anthurium ndi chomera chotentha, motero chimafunikira kuthirira kambiri koma kosakwanira. M'nyengo yotentha, imathiriridwa popanda kusuntha kwamadzi mu poto kamodzi masiku atatu. Ngati madzi ayenda, izi zitha kutsogolera ku nkhungu ndi kufinya, zomwe zingapangitse kuti mizu yake isawonongeke.
Kusamalira kunyumba kwa anthurium kuyenera kutsagana ndi feteleza pa nthawi ya kukula. Iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa michere ndi michere kamodzi pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse. Madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amakhala ofewa.
Pa matalala, ndiye kuti, nthawi yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Madzi kamodzi kamodzi pa sabata, koma pitilizani kupukutira ndi kupopera mankhwalawa, ikani shawa yofunda ndikugwiritsa ntchito zonyowa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupukuta masamba ndi chinkhupule chonyowa kuti muchotse fumbi ndi chinyezi chowonjezera. Chimwemwe chachimuna - Anthurium sakonda dothi louma.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Zomera zonse zotentha, kuphatikizapo duwa, zimakonda nyengo yotentha. Ndi omasuka Kutentha kukuchokera madigiri 20 mpaka 25 nthawi yakula ndi osachepera 18 nthawi yozizira.
Kumbukirani kuti duwa laimuna silimalira kukonzekera. Ndikwabwino kuyiyika m'malo obisika komwe kulibe mpweya wambiri, koma mpweya wabwino umapezeka.
Kuwala
Kuunikira bwino kwamasamba ndizofunika kwambiri kuti muthe kusamalira bwino. Njira yabwino ikhoza kukhala yophatikizidwa ndi dzuwa. Kudziwitsidwa mwachindunji ndi dzuwa kumatha kuvulaza masamba amaluwa osalimba ndikuwonongeka.
Kuti mlendo wotentha azikhala bwino m'chilimwe, amatha kuyikidwa pazenera lakum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. M'nyengo yozizira, sinthani mbewuyo kumbali yakumwera kwa chipindacho.
Ngati dzuwa likugwira, ndiye kuti ikani mphikawo ndi chomeracho mtunda wa mita imodzi kuchokera pazenera. Ndiye mumuteteza kuchokera ku zoyipa zoyipa za mwachindunji.
Chomera chimasiya kukula ndipo sichimaphuka ngati sichilandira kuwala kokwanira. Kuperewera kwa "magetsi" kumatha kuwerengedwa ndi masamba ake, amakhala opunduka. Kusamalira maluwa kuyenera kukhala kwina, kwina koyenera.
Thirani kunyumba
Chapakatikati, anthurium amawokeretsedwa m'njira yopanda, yotsika komanso yokhala ndi njira yabwino yoyikira. Duwa lamaluwa limasankhidwa molingana ndi mbewu ndipo silikhala yayikulu chifukwa chake, lingasokoneza bwino mbewuyo. Chisamaliro chimayenera kuthandizidwa pakuthana chifukwa chitha kuwonongeka mosavuta. masamba osalimba ndi mizu.
Kugona, onetsetsani kuti maluwa a masamba amakhalabe akuwonekera, ndipo mizu iyenera kuphimbidwa bwino. Ngati mizu imayamba kuonekera pakumera kwazomera, iziphimbidwa ndi lonyowa. Ndipo mtsogolomo, pofuna kupewa kupukuta kuchokera kumizu, iyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse.
Anthurium sikhala m'zomera zomwe zimakula mwachangu, chifukwa chake, kufalikira kumayenera kuchitika mzaka zonse ziwiri. Musathamangire kuthira mbewu yomwe mwangogula mumphika watsopano, chifukwa Anthurium ikufunika nthawi yoti muzolowere zinthu zatsopano. Duwa lakale limasinthidwa patatha zaka zitatu.
Ngati chomeracho chabzulidwa nthawi zambiri, ndiye kuti ndichophatikizika ndi kukula kwa mizu ndikusiya chifukwa cha kuphukira kwa masamba.
Dothi
"Chimwemwe chachimuna" monga gawo lapansi limakonda kupangika kwamitundu yosalala, yowala pansi komanso tinthu tokhala ngati dambo. Osakaniza awa amasunga chinyezi bwino komanso ali pafupi ndi dothi lachilengedwe, komwe Anthurium amachokera. Mizu yake imafunikira mpweya, kotero gawo lapansi lofunikira limasulidwa.
Maluwa samazindikira alkali, chifukwa chake, pakakhala kuthirira kapena m'nthaka siziyenera kukhala. Zokonda pang'ono acid nthaka anachita. Kuti muchite zinthu zina, sikofunikira kukonzekera osakaniza nokha, zitha kugulidwa pamalo ogulitsira apadera.
Kuswana
Anthurium imafalitsa njira zotsatirazi:
Gawo la mwana wamkazi limayambira. Mphukira zingapo zokhala ndi mizu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba ndikuzibzala m'chidebe chokonzedwa ndi dothi labwino.- Kudula. Pofalitsa, pamwamba pa mpirawo amaduladula ndikuwazika mu chiwiya china. Tengani masamba 15-20 masentimita ndi masamba ndikuwabzala m'mizere yocheperako yokhala ndi vermiculite kuya kwakuya pafupifupi masentimita 5 kuti mupange mizu. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, zodulidwazo zimayamba kuzika mizu, kenako zimabzalidwe kale panthaka yomphika.
- Kubalana kwa anthurium kutha kuchitika ndi njere. Njirayi imakhala nthawi yambiri komanso yotalika, chifukwa chake sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba. Koma mutha kuyesa kubwereza.
Gawo la mwana wamkazi limayambira. Mphukira zingapo zokhala ndi mizu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba ndikuzibzala m'chidebe chokonzedwa ndi dothi labwino.Kuti mupeze njere, pollination ziyenera kuchitidwa. Ndi thonje ya thonje nthawi ndi nthawi imasunthira mungu kuchokera ku cob inflorescence ina. Zotsatira zake, mwana wosabadwayo amawoneka, pamene akhwima ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi ma tweezers mosamala kwambiri. Mbewu zimacha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, kenako zimachotsedwa kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndikutsukidwa ndi njira yofooka ya manganese.
Pa dothi lotayirira ndi woonda wosanjikiza wa mbewu zamtundu wobzala amafanananso. Kenako pansi pa akhoza kusindikizidwa gawo lapansi, chidebecho chimasindikizidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu. Kuwombera kumawonekera masabata angapo. Chomera chaching'ono chikawonetsa masamba awiri, chimakwiriridwa mumchere, womwe umakhala wofanana makala, pepalalo, peat ndi mullein. Zomerazo zikamakula, zimasinthidwa ndikuzikhala zochuluka kwambiri.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga: momwe tiyenera kuchitira kunyumba?
Malamulo osamalidwa akaphwanyidwa, mavuto osiyanasiyana amatuluka ndi duwa.
- Masamba achikasu amawonetsa kutentha kosakwanira kuchipinda komwe anthurium amapezeka. Ndikofunikira kusinthitsa duwa kuti lizitentha, ndikumachepetsa chinyezi kwa kanthawi kochepa.
- Ngati mbewuyo ilibe maluwa, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuchitika pazifukwa zitatu. Loyamba ndi kuwunikira kosakwanira, chachiwiri posowa michere, chomaliza mu kuchuluka kwakukulu.
- Mawonekedwe achikasu kapena bulauni amapangira masamba, omwe amafalikira ndikuwapangitsa kuti agwe. Matendawa amatchedwa anthracnose kapena septoria, amafalikira kudzera pachomera chodwala. Anthurium nthawi zambiri imazunzidwa ndi downy mildew. Amawonetsedwa ndi chikaso komanso kupota masamba, omwe amachepetsa kukula.
- Masamba amatha kukhala akuda chifukwa chamadzi osayenera komanso kuthirira kosasamba.
- Zomera sizithiriridwa ndimadzi olimba, ozizira, ziyenera kutsukidwa kapena kukhazikika.
- Kudzera potseguka pansi pamphika, madzi ayenera kutuluka momasuka, theka la ola litatha kuthirira kuchotsedwa mu poto.
Zina mwazomwe zimapangitsa kuti khungu liziderera ndikusenda masamba ndi bowa. Gray zowola kumachitika chifukwa chinyezi kwambiri, zimakhudza magawo a mbewu. Kuvunda kwamizu ndi kowopsa, komwe kumayambitsa kufa kwa mbewu yonse.
Tizilombo
Kuphatikiza pa matenda oyamba ndi fungus komanso ma virus, matenda amathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo. Anthurium kugunda nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi nthata za akangaude. Popewa mawonekedwe awo, masamba achikhalidwe ayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda. Koma ngati mbewuyo ili ndi kachilombo kale, iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi sopo kapena kachilombo komwe kamakhala koyenera motsutsana ndi tizilombo.
Kuchokera pazomwe tafotokozazi, titha kunena kuti chikhalidwe ichi pamafunika chidwi chachikulu. Komabe, kwa okonda mbewu zamkati, kuwasamalira sikovuta. Chisamaliro chochepa chomwe chawonetsedwa kwa alendo otentha awa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake kudzabweretsa chisangalalo chachikulu poganizira zokongola zomwe Anthurium zikomo.
