Ginseng, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha mankhwala akumwa, samangokhala "dokotala wobiriwira" wamtengo wapatali, komanso chomera chovuta kwambiri chamankhwala. M'masiku akale, madokotala achi China adawona kuti muzu wa ginseng uli ngati zozizwitsa, wokhoza kukweza odwala odwala kwambiri kumapazi, kubwezeretsa ubwana ndi mphamvu.
Mtengowo udalandiridwa ngati mankhwala ovomerezeka posachedwa, koma kufunika kwa mizu kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa ginseng kwakanachepetsedwa kambiri, ndipo zikhalidwe zamtchire zidatetezedwa movomerezeka.
Kodi ginseng amawoneka bwanji
Mukamatchula mbewu zamankhwala, dzina "ginseng" limakumbukira chimodzi mwoyamba. Chikhalidwecho chinali chotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchiritsa kwake komanso nthangala za nthangala, zofanana ndi munthu wodabwitsa. Koma momwe ma ginseng amawonekera, kapena m'malo ake a mlengalenga, amadziwika ochepa.
Ginseng wamba, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a mankhwala, ndiwosakhazikika, wokhala ndi gawo limodzi kapena zochepa kuchokera pamtunda wa 30 mpaka 70 sentimita. Mphukira yopyapyala yokhala ndi makulidwe osaposa 6 mm mbali yakumwambayi ili ndi masamba akulu ogawanika, okhala ndi mbali zisanu zowola kapena zopindika. Masamba owala a kanjedza a ginseng amalumikizidwa ku tsinde ndi amphamvu petioles, ali ndi mbali zabwino za m'mphepete ndi kutalika kwa 15 cm.
Pakati pa chilimwe, ginseng limamasula, ndikupanga ambulera inflorescence, ndi mainchesi pafupifupi masentimita atatu ndipo imakhala ndi masamba 15-30 ang'ono a tint wobiriwira. Maluwa a ginseng omwe ali pachithunzichi sangatchedwe chowala kapena chokongoletsera. Ma corollas oyera kapena apinki okhala ndi chikho chobiriwira chobiriwira ndi miyala isanu isanu ndi kupukutidwa ndi tizilombo. Maluwa atakwanira, thumba losunga mazira limapezeka m'malo mwa maluwa, kucha m'masiku omaliza a chilimwe kapena Seputembala.
Kuyang'ana chithunzichi, zomwe ma ginseng akuwoneka panthawiyi, mutha kumvetsetsa momwe maonekedwe a mbewu yosaonekayo amasintha. Wopyola zipatso zofiira kwambiri ndi zamkaka zowoneka bwino ndi nthangala zitatu mkati kuti zipse pamlingo wa 10-16 cm.
Mu nthawi yozizira, gawo lakuthwa la mbewu limafa, koma nthangala yayikulu yobisalira pansi. Imapulumutsa moyo wa ginseng mpaka ofunda ndipo amanyamula michere yonse yomwe anapeza. Ginseng ndi chomera chomwe chakhala nthawi yayitali. Muzu womwe umakulirakulira, umakulirapo ndipo umachulukanso. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi, muzu wapamwamba unapezeka ku Manchuria. Masiku ano ndizokayikitsa kupeza chimphona chotere.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opangira mankhwala, a mapira osaka a ginseng m'malo awo achilengedwe adayamba m'zaka za zana la 19. Zinapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha anthu komanso kuchepa kwa dera la kukula.
Komwe ginseng imamera
Ginseng ndi mbewu yobwereza. Umboni wosatsimikizika wa ichi ndi gawo lachilendo lacikhalidwe, lomwe linang'ambidwa pakati ndi Pacific Ocean. Mitundu yambiri ya 12 ya ginseng ndi anthu achilengedwe a Far East, koma sipanatenge nthawi kuti mtundu umodzi wamtunduwu udapezeka kudera la America. Masiku ano, ginseng yamaso asanu
Kuphatikiza pa gombe lakumadzulo kwa United States, ginseng yosanja imakhala ku Peninsula ya Korea, Vietnam ndi Northeast China. Kodi ginseng amakula kuti ku Russia? Dziko lathu lili ndi mbewu yayikulu kwambiri pazomera izi. Ginseng yamtchire yamtchire imapezeka kum'mwera kwa Khabarovsk Territory, ku Sikhote Alin, komanso ku Primorye. Kuliponse pomwe chomera chimaphatikizidwa pamndandanda waz mitundu zotetezeka. Pali kutchulidwa kwa ginseng mu Red Book of Jewish Autonomous Oblast, komabe, zofanizira zowoneka sizinapezeke pano kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kulikonse komwe ginseng imakula, sikuti kutolera mizu kokha koletsedwa, koma njira zonse zimatengedwa kuti zisunge ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Masiku ano ndizodziwika bwino kuti mbewuyo imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowola, yotetezedwa ndi lindens ndi nyangabe, fir, mitengo ya mkungudza, mikwingwirima ndi mapu. Ginseng amakonda mthunzi, chinyezi, amafunika dothi lotayirira labwino. M'malo abwino, osatha amatha kupanga makatani olimba. Koma pakadali pano chithunzicho sichosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu Primorsky Territory, ginseng imamera m'malo ambiri, koma wofufuza zachilengedwe wofunsa sangakhale ndi mwayi kuti awone gulu lalikulu la mbewu.
Nthawi zambiri, ginseng zakutchire, kuchuluka kwake komwe ku Russia kuli makumi zikwizikwi, amakula payekhapayekha, m'makona osagwirizana kum'mwera chakumadzulo kapena kumwera chakum'mawa.
Kodi Ginseng Amatetezedwa Motani?
Zowonadi, ozembetsa amawononga kwambiri kuchuluka kwa masamba azachipatala masiku ano. Komabe, si adani okha a ginseng. Kuchulukana kwa mbewu zamtchire kukuchepa chifukwa chakudula mitengo mwachisawawa, moto, komanso kupyola zinyalala m'nkhalango. Tsoka ilo, ginseng imabala mbewu zochepa. Si onse omwe amatuluka, ndipo mbande zina zimafa mchaka choyamba, popanda kupanga mpweya wamtengo wapatali wamphamvu kwambiri.
Kuyika m'malo otetezedwa kumateteza ginseng yaku Far East kuti isawonongeke. Ginseng imamera pati? Malo otere siamodzi, koma angapo. Masiku ano, mapulogalamu abwezeretse kuchuluka kwa magawo a mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo m'malo anayi a Russian Far East. Ino ndiye "Cedari Pad", komanso malo osungirako Lazovsky, Bolshekhekhtsirsky, Ussuriysky.
Osangokhala mu Primorsky Territory, komanso kumadera ena a dzikolo, mwachitsanzo, ku Sakhalin ndi Cheboksary, ginseng imalimidwa paminda yokonzedwa mwapadera momwe malo okhala pafupi ndi malo achilengedwe amapangidwira. Zipangizo zatsopano za mankhwala opangira mankhwala komanso zodzikongoletsera zimapezekanso ku China, Korea, USA ndi Australia. Ndi chinyezi chachikulu, mu nyengo ya 20-30% yowunikira, mbewuzi zimapezeka zaka 4-6. Kenako mizu ya ginseng, yomwe idakwanitsa kudziunjikira pazinthu zofunikira, imakumbidwa, kutsukidwa ndikuwuma, kosanjidwa ndi nthaka.
Ngakhale kulima ginseng kumathandizira kuteteza nkhokwe zachilengedwe, ndipo mbewu zomwezo sizingafanane ndi zoyerekeza zamtchire, zimafunikira zaka zingapo komanso zosautsa, zovuta, kuti zitheke. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri a sayansi anatembenukira ku sayansi yamakono. Masiku ano, ginseng yochulukirapo imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe cha in vitro cell.
