Chimodzi mwazikhalidwe zokondedwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga bonsai ndi serissa waku Japan. Chomera chokondweretsachi chimadziwikanso kuti mtengo wa nyenyezi chikwizikwi (maluwa ake amatsimikizira kuti dzina lotere). Koma serissa ili ndi zabwino zina. Khungwa lokongola, masamba ang'onoang'ono, ma silhouette odabwitsa - zonsezi kuposa momwe zimaphatikizira kukongola kwake. Kukula serissa si ntchito yophweka. Komabe kuchokera mkati bonsai iye amawonedwa ngati wodziletsa kwambiri.
Serissa Japan (Serissa japonica).
Serissa - Bonsai wokhala ndi zokongoletsera zokongola
Mtengo wa serissa, womwe ndi wabwino kwambiri kwa ife kuchokera Kumawa akutali, uli ndi mayina ambiri abwino ndiulemu. Ndipo onsewa amachitira umboni mokwanira za kuwoneka kwa chimphona cham'nyumba chamtunduwu "chovetsa". Kupatula apo, "mtengo wa nyenyezi chikwi" wofotokozera maluwa, ndipo "kununkha-bonsai" ndi mayina odziwika bwino. Serissa akhoza kudabwitsani mosasamala ndi fungo la mizu yake ndi mtengo. Komabe, cholakwika ichi sichimalepheretsa anthu okonda bonsai: pali mbewu zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimatha kutulutsa bwino kwambiri pakati pa ntchito zaluso zamaluso izi.
Serissa Japan (Serissa japonica ndi dzina lovomerezeka koma likufanana serissa onunkhira - Serissa foetida - idakali yotchuka kwambiri - - m'chilengedwe chikuwoneka modabwitsa. Koma mchikhalidwe chachipindacho, kukula kwa mbeuyo ndizovuta kuyesa, popeza mtengo uwu umangoperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a bonsai. Kutalika kwa serissae wamkati kumayambira masentimita 15 mpaka 40. Masamba ndi ochepa kwambiri, olekera-ozungulira, ozungulira, omwe amalola mbewu kuti ipitirize kuwoneka bwino kwa korona. Malo akuda bii amakongoletsa mawonekedwe a masamba. Khungwa limakopanso: Pang'onopang'ono mtundu umasintha kuchokera ku golide mpaka imayera, imagwirizana bwino ndi kamvekedwe ka utoto wonyezimira, wokongola mokongola ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala.
Serissa limamasula makamaka mu June, koma ndi bonsai nyengo yamaluwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kulosera, ndipo pamtengowo payekhapayekha imatha kusiyanasiyana. Maluwa a serissa ndi okongola kwambiri. Ndiwosavuta, komanso oyera, komanso oyera ngati chipale, komanso pinki yopepuka. Zojambula za serissa zimadalira mitundu ikuluikulu yomwe idasankhidwa kuti ipange bonsai. Ngakhale zili choncho, kukula kwakang'ono kwa maluwa owoneka bwino ndi kuchuluka kwawo kumapangitsa kuti chizindikiritso cha maluwa azikhala ndi zina zambiri.
Mitundu kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya serissa mu chikhalidwe chachipinda sichindifunso. Mtengowo umayimiriridwa ndi mtundu umodzi - serissa waku Japan, kapena wonunkhira mwa mtundu wake wokha ndipo mitundu imodzi yokha - mitundu ya mitundu (Variegata), yomwe, kutengera mawonekedwe a kusankhidwa ndi kulima muzaka zoyambirira, imatha kuwoneka ngati serissa-chikasu, chikasu chobiriwira-khungu kapena mtundu wosiyanasiyana wa serissa .
Japan mndandanda bonsai.
Chisamaliro cha Japan chotchedwa serissa kunyumba
Serissa ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya bonsai yomwe imatha kutchedwa yonse. Chimawoneka chachikulu osati phunziroli kapena chipinda chochezera, komanso chipinda chogona, ofesi, makina ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, maholo kapena malo ochezera. Amawoneka wodabwitsa komanso wokongola, ali ndi kuthekera kwakanthawi kothinitsa malire ndikuwonjezera malo omasuka, amawoneka ngati nyenyezi yeniyeni ngakhale muzipinda zazing'ono kwambiri.
Kuyatsa kwa serissa
Bonsai wamkulu wochokera ku Japan serissa amayenera kupereka zowunikira kwambiri, zotheka chaka chonse, mosasamala nyengo. Mitengo yamtunduwu silingayime mwachindunji ndi dzuwa, koma mawonekedwe ake ndiosavomerezeka ngakhale mawonekedwe ake opepuka. M'nyengo yozizira, serissa imakonzedwera kumalo owunikiridwa kwambiri kapena kulipiritsa kuchepetsa kwa masana ndi kuwunikira kowonjezereka.
Kusintha kulikonse kwa serissa - komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kufunika kowonjezera mphamvu yakuwala, kuchoka kumzimu watsopano, kusintha mkati mwake - kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, pang'onopang'ono, kuyesera kuti pasapangike mayendedwe ofunikira (osiyanitsa). Kusintha malo a serissa pafupifupi kumapangitsa kuti masamba atulidwe kwathunthu, koma ngati mungagwiritse ntchito mosamala komanso pang'onopang'ono, dazi limatha kupewedwa. Malangizidwe oterewa amagwiranso ntchito potembenuza chidebe ndi bonsai: ndikwabwino kuti musalowe konse serissa molingana ndi gwero lounikira.
Kutentha kosangalatsa
Ndiosavuta kusankha boma la kutentha chifukwa cha kukongola uku. Serissa nthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe imakhutira ndi zomwe zinali bwino m'chipinda ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 20 mpaka 25. Amakonda nthawi yozizira m'malo otentha komanso otentha pafupifupi 15 digiri Celsius. Kutentha kocheperako komwe mndandanda ungathe kupirira ndi madigiri 12 Celsius.
Monga bonsai onse amkati, nyanjayi imakonda mpweya wabwino ndipo imafota msanga ngakhale nthawi yotentha osapita nayo kumunda kapena khonde. Koma kwa mbewu zomwe ndizovuta kusunga m'chipindacho, masewerawa sangatchulidwe. Mlengalenga watsopano, amakonda kukhala miyezi 3-4 - kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, kutentha kwa usiku usiku kupitirira madigiri 12. Ndipo izi ndizokwanira kuti akule bwino. M'chaka chonse, ziwonetserozi zimapereka mpweya wabwino mchipindacho kuti zipezeke mpweya wabwino ndi zofunikira zonse.
Chinsinsi cha bwino pantchito yobzala bonsai iyi ndikuteteza mbewu ku zinthu zilizonse zosokoneza komanso kusintha kwa kutentha mwadzidzidzi. Seriss iyenera kutetezedwa ku mafunde amtambo wamphamvu pakapumira mpweya, kuti asalole kuyandikira kapena kutentha kwa magetsi.
Serissa kuthirira komanso chinyezi
Serissa imafuna kuthirira molondola kwambiri komanso kuyang'anira nthawi zonse kuyesa kwa nthaka. Chomera chimalekerera kuthilira kwamadzi bwino, koma chimapweteka kwambiri chifukwa cha chilala. Mizu yake iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse, koma osati yaying'ono. Kwa serissa, pafupipafupi, koma osachulukitsa kuthilira kumakondwera ndikuwumitsa kokha gawo lalikulu la gawo lapansi pakati pa njira.
Kukongoletsa korona wa serissa mwachindunji kumatengera chinyezi cha mlengalenga. Chomera chimamveka bwino ndizowonjezera zake, kugwira ntchito kwa manyowa kapena kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe awo. M'nyengo yotentha, mutha kuthira masamba bwino. Chinyezi chocheperako chimakhala pafupifupi 50%.
Kudyetsa serissa wonunkha
Bonsai yokongola maluwa ndiyofunika kwambiri pamtunda wa michere m'nthaka. Kwa serissa, mavalidwe pafupipafupi komanso ochulukirapo amachitika panthawi yolimba. Kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Seputembala - nthawi 1 m'masabata awiri - mbewuyo imadyetsedwa theka la feteleza kapena theka la feteleza kamodzi pamlungu.
Pachifukwa ichi, mbewu zimapanga feteleza zomwe sizachilendo kwa bonsai - kukonzekera kwapadera kwa maluwa kapena feteleza wa violets.
Ngati nthawi yozizira serissae imabwezeretsa ndi kutentha mlengalenga, ndiye kuti imapitiliza kuwadyetsa, ndikuchepetsa feteleza wa theka. Koma ngati palibe chowonjezera, kudyetsa kuyenera kuyimitsidwa.
Serissa japonica (Serissa japonica), yemwe kale anali Wosanunkhira (Serissa foetida).
Kuchepetsa ndi Kuumba
Ngakhale kuti serissa ndi yamtundu wamitengo yomwe imavuta kuilamulira ndikukula msanga, imafunikira kudulira nthawi zonse. Serissa yopanga mapangidwe amadulidwa ndi pafupipafupi 1 nthawi yazaka 2, kasupe akuwongolera mphukira zazing'ono ndikusunga ma contour a bonsai. Koma mutha kuyesanso njira ina: kudulira serissa pa mphukira zazaka chaka chilichonse mutamasulidwa, kusiya masamba awiri kapena atatu ofupikitsidwa ndi masamba awiri awiri atatha kuwirikiza. Ndi kukula kwantchito, kukula kosafunikira, kutsina kumatha kuchitika nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito.
Ngati mukufuna kupanga silhouette ya nthambi, zimakutidwa ndi waya wamkuwa ndikupereka mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna. Koma sitimayi imatha “kukokedwa palimodzi” kwa miyezi yopitilira 3-4 pachaka, ndipo kuimitsa kumachitika pokhapokha ngati mphukira zazing'ono. Ngati ndi kotheka, serissa imalekerera kudulira bwino, chomera chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa, popeza thunthu limakulirakulira nthawi zonse, ndipo ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti awongolere mawonekedwewo munthawi yake.
Serissa kupatsira ndi gawo lapansi
Serissa waku Japan, monganso bonsai, samakonda kusinthidwa pafupipafupi ndipo amasintha kusintha kwawoko. Chomera chiikidwa pokhapokha ngati pakufunika, komanso pafupifupi pafupipafupi 1 nthawi 3 zaka.
Gawo lamtengowu limasankhidwa pakati pazosakaniza zapadera zamtundu wa bonsai. Ngati muli ndi chidziwitso chokwanira, mutha kupanga dothi lanu posakaniza ndi 2 mchenga ndi gawo limodzi la peat ndi gawo limodzi la osakaniza dongo. Kwa serissa, mawonekedwe a nthaka ayenera kukhala pakati pa 4.5 ndi 5.5 pH.
Serissa wakula mu ceramic kapena pulasitiki, zokongoletsera muli zida zakuya ndi voliyumu.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yodzala ndi maluwa onunkhira ndi masika, kumayambiriro kwa gawo la kukula.
Poika mbewu, mizu yophukira ya chomera ikhoza kudulidwa pang'ono, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa matope a dothi. Njira yabwino kwambiri, yolumikizidwa pafupipafupi, ndikuchotsa theka la mizu ya serissa. Mizu iyenera kugwiridwa mosamala pogwiritsa ntchito zida zakuthwa ndikuyesa kupewa kuvulaza ziwalo zosalimba pamizu yomwe yatsala pachomera. Danga lokwera kwambiri limayikidwa pansi pa thankiyo. Pambuyo pakuyika, serissa imatetezedwa ku kuwunikira kowala kwambiri ndikupereka kuthirira kolondola.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta serissa
Serissa waku Japan amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yokhazikika kwambiri ya bonsai. Koma mumkhalidwe wovuta, ndipo umatha kudwala ndi akangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zovala zoyera. Pakawononga chilichonse cha tizilombo, ndewu imayamba nthawi yomweyo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kuthirira kwambiri serissa nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kufalikira kwa zowola. Ndikosavuta kuthana nawo, muyenera kuchotsa madera owonongeka ndi mizu ndikuchiza chomera nthawi zonse ndi fungicides.
Japan mndandanda bonsai.
Kubereka Serissa
Mtengo wa "nyenyezi zikwizikwi" umafalitsidwa makamaka ndi odulidwa. Kwa kubereka, achichepere omwe akungoyamba kudula matope kapena otsalira atadulira. Malipiro atatu ayenera kutsalira pazodula. Mizu imachitika pansi pa khoma, pamchenga wopepuka wamchenga, pamtunda wambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri (pafupifupi madigiri 25), ngati nkotheka kupereka ma serisses ndi kutentha kwapansi.
