Mwa matenda a tomato, imodzi mwazofala kwambiri imatengedwa ngati ndi vuto lochedwa kapena lochedwa. Matendawa atawonongeka patchire la phwetekere, mutha kuzindikira pomwe pali chizindikiro chake - masamba ang'onoang'ono akuda pamasamba, masamba abulauni komanso owuma, komanso khungu lakuda pachimake. Popita nthawi, zipatso zimayamba kuda, ndipo chitsamba chimafota ndikuuma.
Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka ndi tomato nthawi yayitali yamvula, nyengo yabwino komanso yamvula. Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingapewere matendawa mabedi, momwe njira zodzitetezera zimagwirira ntchito komanso njira zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndi vuto lomwe lawonekera kale.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuvuta mochedwa
Matenda a fungus amakhala nthawi zambiri kufalitsa kwa spores komwe kumapezeka kulikonse. Wamaluwa ayenera kuchita zonse zotheka kuti mikanganoyi isayambike, ndipo ngati zingatheke athetse chiwerengero chawo. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakondweretsa kufalikira kwa vuto lochedwa:
- Kuchuluka kwa laimu m'nthaka. Kuti dothi lisaphwe, anthu okhala m'chilimwe amatsatira malire ake ndipo nthawi zina amakhala ofunitsitsa kuchita izi. Mafuta owonjezera m'deralo amakopa bowa.
- Wofinyidwa phwetekere m'minda. Mabedi a phwetekere m'malo obiriwira, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, amawoneka ngati nkhalango ya Amazon. Malo otentha "olima m'nyumba, opanda mpweya wabwino komanso chinyezi chambiri, ndi malo abwino kwambiri ophunzitsira mochedwa.
- Kusintha kwadzidzidzi usiku ndi kutentha kwa masana. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, usiku kumayamba kuzizira. Kusintha tsiku lotentha kwa chilimwe kukhala usiku wozizira kumathandizira mame ambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'mabedi.
- Zomera zosagwira. Zomera, komanso mwa anthu, wofooka kuposa wolimba amadwala posachedwa. Pokhala feteleza wosakwanira m'nthaka, mbewu zamasamba zimasowa zina. Kusatetezeka kwawo chifukwa chofooka kumatha kuyambitsa vuto lakachedwa.
Phytophthora kupewa
- Dothi lamiyala pamalopo liyenera kubwezeretsedwanso ndikuwonjezera peat ku nyumba yachilimwe komanso mchenga waukulu wamtsinje mumipata.
- Mukabzala tomato, ndikofunikira kulingalira zatsogola ndikuyang'anira kusintha kwa mbeu.
- Mukabzala mbande za phwetekere pamabedi, tsatirani bwino nthawi yolumikizirana pakati pa mbewu ndi pakati pa mabedi kuti muchepetse kukulira m'tsogolo.
- Ndi njira yobiriwira yakumera tomato, musaiwale za kupumira kwachipinda mchipindacho. Kutsirira kumachitika bwino m'mawa, kuti chinyezi chizilowetsedwa m'nthaka madzulo.
- Mu nyengo yozizira yamitambo yokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, sikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira tomato konse. Zikhala zokwanira kumasula dothi m'mabedi.
- Dyetsani pafupipafupi ndi micronutrients yoyenera pothirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
- Gwiritsani ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala kapena njira zina kuchokera ku maphikidwe ena.
- Bzalani tomato yekha mwa mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe yogonjetsedwa ndi vuto lakumapeto ndi matenda ena oyamba ndi fungus.
Kuwaza tomato motsutsana ndi choipacho
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa tomato kumangofunika m'mawa komanso nyengo yofunda. Mwa mitundu yambiri yothana ndi vuto lakumapeto, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisabwerezenso Chinsinsi kapena mankhwala chaka chilichonse. Matendawa fungalat imatha kutengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Kudulira koyamba kumayenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo, mbande za phwetekere zitabzalidwa. Ndipo zotsatirazi - pafupipafupi 2-3 pamwezi.
Njira zowongolera mochedwa vuto
- Kulowetsedwa adyo ndi potaziyamu permanganate. Mitundu kapena mababu a adyo (pafupifupi gramu zana limodzi) amayenera kuphwanyidwa kukhala boma la puree ndikuthira ndi madzi ozizira mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu. Pambuyo pa maola 24, kulowetsaku kuyenera kusefedwa mwa kuphatikiza kawiri ndikuwonjezera ndowa yayikulu yamadzi ndi 1 gramu ya potaziyamu permanganate. Kulowetsaku kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri kapena katatu pamwezi.
- Trichopolum. M'milita itatu yamadzi muyenera kusungunula mapiritsi atatu a mankhwalawa ndikugwiritsa ntchito yankho masiku onse khumi ndi asanu.
- Whey. Seramu iyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi madzi molingana. Njira yothetsera vutoli ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse, kuyambira mwezi wachiwiri wa chilimwe.
- Phulusa. Kuwaza phulusa kumachitika kawiri pachaka. Nthawi yoyamba - masiku 7 mutabzala mbande ya phwetekere, ndipo chachiwiri - panthawi yopanga ovary.
- Kulowetsedwa kwa udzu wowola kapena udzu. Kukonzekera kulowetsedwa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito udzu kapena zowola (pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi), urea ndi ndowa. Pakadutsa masiku 3-4, yankho liyenera kuphatikizidwa. Asanagwiritse ntchito, ayenera kusefedwa.
- Mkaka ndi ayodini. Kuwaza ndi njira zotere kumachitika 2 pamwezi. Muyenera kusakaniza mamililita 500 amkaka, malita asanu ndi madzi ndi madontho 7-8 a ayodini.
- Mchere. Yankho tikulimbikitsidwa kuti utsi tomato wobiriwira nthawi 1 m'masiku 30. Pa malita asanu a gadfly, onjezerani kapu imodzi ya 1/2 yamchere.
- Njira zamkuwa zamkuwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi maluwa asanafike. Mu chidebe cha ma lita asanu ndi madzi, muyenera kuwonjezera supuni imodzi ya sulfate yamkuwa.
- Yisiti Gwiritsani ntchito pamene zizindikilo zoyambirira za vuto lakachedwa zikuwonekera. 50 magalamu a yisiti ayenera kuchepetsedwa mu 5 malita a madzi.
- Fitosporin. Mankhwalawa (mwanjira yowumitsidwa) amalimbikitsidwa kuthirira mabedi mu wowonjezera kutentha asanadzalemo mbande ya phwetekere. Mutha kuwonjezera "Fitosporin" tsiku lililonse m'madzi othirira. Ndipo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumatha kuyamba ndi kupangika kwa thumba losunga mazira ndikubwereza kawirikawiri patatha sabata limodzi ndi theka mpaka masabata awiri. Konzani yankho mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo omwe ali phukusi.
Polimbana ndi mochedwa choipitsa m'nkhokwe
Matendawa ndi osavuta kupewa kuposa kuwachiritsa. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pakuvulala kwaposachedwa. Musanabzalemo mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikofunika kuyeretsa bwino ndikusintha. Ntchito yokonzekera ndikuchotsa mawaya ndi dothi kuchokera kumbali ndi pamwamba, pakuyeretsa mabedi kuchokera ku zinyalala zomera.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita njira yothanirana ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito makala oyaka ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka ubweya. M'malo oterewa, malo obiriwira ayenera kutsalira kwa tsiku limodzi ndi zitseko ndi mazenera otsekeka kwambiri.
Nzika zina za chilimwe zimagwira phulusa - fumbi lafumbi la mabedi wowonjezera kutentha kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mayankho a EM-kukonzekera.
