Ziphuphu zikhalidwe zamaluwa zomwe zimakopa okonda maluwa ndi mitundu yambiri komanso yayitali. Maluwa okongola awa amawoneka bwino pa mtunda ndi loggia, pawindo la nyumba komanso pakhonde. Chovuta chokhacho chomwe alimi ambiri amakumana nacho ndi zovuta pakukula mbande. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kudziwa zinsinsi zina za njirayi, makamaka mukabzala mbewu za petunia za mbande.
Kubzala kalendala kwa anyani
Kuti nthawi yamaluwa yotulutsa petunias iyambe kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ndikofunikira kufesa mbewu za mbande mu February kapena March. Malinga ndi kalendala yofesa pofotokoza gawo la mwezi, m'miyezi imeneyi mumakhala masiku abwino kufesa ndi omwe osavomerezeka kuti ayambe maluwa.
Osabzala mbewu:
- mu February - 7, 8, 11, 22, 26
- mu Marichi - 5, 6, 12, 23, 28
Masiku oyenera kufesa:
- mu February - 2, 13, 14, 15, 16
- mu Marichi - 14, 15, 20, 21, 22
Momwe mungakulire mbande za mitengo ya petunia
Mmera nthaka
Nthaka yofesa mbewu imafunika yopatsa thanzi komanso yotayirira, popanga - pang'ono acidic kapena ndale. Pogula osakaniza omalizidwa dothi, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha magawo onse, mwachitsanzo, Stender. Musanagwiritse ntchito, perlite (250 g), phulusa lamatabwa (mamililita mazana asanu), potaziyamu sulfate ndi Kemira (supuni 1) akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Mutha kukonzekera kusakaniza nokha malinga ndi imodzi mwazipangizozo. Mukasakaniza zosakaniza, ndikofunikira kuti muzisakaniza kusakaniza kawiri - kudzera pa chachikulu komanso kudzera mu sume yabwino, ndikuyichitira ndi njira yolimba ya manganese.
- Njira 1 - Humus, turf land, peat (m'magawo awiri) ndi mchenga wowuma (gawo limodzi).
- Njira 2 - Peat (magawo awiri), munda wamunda ndi mchenga (gawo limodzi).
Kubzala petunias mbande
Mbeu zodziwika bwino kapena zovomerezeka zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigulidwe m'misika yodalirika yamaluwa kapena m'malo azomera. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti malo osungirako ndi alumali moyenera. Mbeu zatsopano ndizokhazo zomwe zikuyenera kukula petunias, apo ayi kumera kwake kudzakhala kotsika kwambiri.
Bokosi lodzala matabwa kapena pulasitiki lokhala ndi mabowo okwanira 10-15 masentimita okwanira limayamba kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala cham manganese. Dothi labwino lokwaniliridwa limatsanulira pansi, kenako dothi losakanikirana, osawonjezeranso masentimita 1.5-2 m'mphepete mwa bokosilo. Alimi odziwa bwino maluwa amalangiza kuyika matalala pamwamba pa gawo lapansi mpaka m'mphepete mwa chidebe ndikuchiwumba pang'ono. Mbewu zimabzalidwa bwino kwambiri m'chipale chofewa. Mbewu zapamwamba zimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki wokutira. Pakakhala chipale chofewa, mbewuzo zimayikidwa pansi dothi lonyowa ndikuwazidwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi sprayer wabwino. Kupanga mbewu zofananira, njere zimatha kusakanizidwa ndi mchenga wonyowa. Zotengera ziyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chofunda (pafupifupi 25 digiri Celsius) ndiku chipinda chopepuka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a peat
Mbewu zophimba za michere yotetezeka zimafesedwa bwino kwambiri m'mapiritsi a peat 3.5-4,5 cm. Choyamba, mapiritsiwo amawanyowa m'madzi ofunda kuti amwe, ndiye amawayikamo mu chidebe chofikira osachepera 10 cm, ndikuyika mbewu imodzi iliyonse. Sinthani nthangala ndi chipatala. Chipolopolo pa njere chimayamba kunyowa, ndipo izi zimachitika patatha pafupifupi mphindi 5, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizimenyetseka piritsi. Mbewu zimakutidwa ndi galasi ndikusungidwa m'chipinda chowala kwambiri ndi kutentha 23-25.
Njira zokulira mbande zimachotsa njira yolimbirana, zimathandizira chisamaliro ndikuthandizira kumera kwakukulu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma kaseti a foni
Ma cassette akuluakulu omwe ali ndi maselo amakhalanso osavuta komanso ocheperako. Pali masaizi osiyanasiyana azotengera zoterezi zomwe zikugulitsidwa ndipo kuchuluka kwa maselo mumasiyana. Mbande sizifunikira kutola, ndipo zofowera sizimatenga malo ambiri ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Kwa petunias, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha makhaseti a kutalika osachepera 10. Piritsi ya peat kapena gawo lapansi loyenerera lingayikidwe mu selo iliyonse.
Malamulo pakugulira mbande za petunia
Mwina alimi a maluwa omwe alibe luso lakulira adzafuna kugula mbande za petunia zopangidwa kale. Kenako, pogula, muyenera kulabadira mfundo zingapo zofunika:
- Mbande zizigulitsidwa mu gawo lonyowa;
- Mbande siziyenera kukhala ndi masamba achikasu ndi mapala oyanika;
- Mbande zokulira sizoyenera kugula;
- Ndikofunikira kusanthula bwino mbande kuti pakhale tizilombo toyipitsa, makamaka kuchokera kumbuyo kwa masamba.
Petunia kusamalira mmera
Kutentha
Ndi kutentha koyenera, ndipo izi pafupifupi 25 digiri Celsius, mbande zimawonekera patatha masiku 5. Kwa mitundu yosakanizidwa ya petunia, kutentha kosalekeza ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa kuchepetsedwa kapena kuwonjezeka kwake ndi madigiri awiri amachedwetsa kuwonekera kwa mphukira kapena kuthandiza kutulutsa mbewu zazing'ono.
Kuletsa
Mphukira zambiri zikangotuluka, mbewuzo zimafunikira kuti zizikhala ndi mpweya wabwino tsiku lililonse (m'mawa ndi madzulo) ndi makonzedwe ochotsedwa pachikuto - chivundikiro. Ndikofunikira kuyamba kuzolowera mbande kutsegula mpweya kuchokera mphindi 20 patsiku, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi yomweyo ndikuchepetsa kutentha mchipinda ndi mbande (komanso pang'onopang'ono). Masana, mbewu zimafunika kuphunzira kutalika kwa madigiri 20 Celsius, ndipo usiku - pafupifupi madigiri 16.
Woponya
Poyamba, zitha kuwoneka kuti mbande sizikula. Izi ndichifukwa poyamba mbewu zachinyamata zimawononga mphamvu zawo zonse pakupanga mizu. Posachedwa iwo adzakula ndikufunika kuwonda. Zomera zazing'ono zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zidulidwe ndi zopindika.
Zofunikira zowunikira
M'milungu yoyamba isanu ndi iwiri, Achichepere Achinyamata amafunikira nthawi yayitali. Zinthu zoterezi zimathandiza kuti mbande iziyenda bwino komanso maluwa oyambirira a petunias.
Popeza nthawi yakukula mbande imagwirizana ndi maola osakwanira masana m'chilengedwe, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kuwunikira kowonjezereka kuti mtsogolomo kuwunikira kwa mbande kuyambira 7 am mpaka 10 pm. Nyali zamasana kapena zida zina zowunikira ziyenera kuyikidwa pamalo okwera pafupifupi 20 cm pamtunda wofikira.
Kuthirira
Pafupipafupi komanso kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kuyenera kukhala koyenera kuti nthaka isasowe kapena kuchulukiza. Kuthirira kwambiri kumatha kubweretsa muzu zowola, ndi chilala - kufuna ndi kufa kwa achinyamata mbewu.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira mbande pansi pa muzu (dontho) ndi syringe kapena kuthira madzi mu poto (kuthirira kotsika). Madzi sayenera kugwa pamasamba nthawi yothirira.
Madzi othirira amayenera kukhazikika kapena kuyeretsedwa ndi kutentha kofanana ndi kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipindacho. Ndi bwino kuwonjezera madzi ochepa a mandimu (musanamwe madziwo).
Nthawi yabwino yonyowetsa nthaka pafupi ndi mbewu ndi m'mawa tsiku lodzala ndi madzulo nyengo yotentha.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Pambuyo pa kubzala mbande, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira ya pinki ya manganese (sabata yoyamba ndi yachiwiri) kumachitika. Pambuyo kuwonekera kwa masamba 3-4 - kuthirira ndi yankho la Crystal. Kwa malita 10 amadzi, supuni 1 ya mankhwalawa adzafunika. M'tsogolomu, feteleza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito katatu pa sabata, kusinthana muzu ndi zakudya zamafuta.
Kutola mbande
Tambala amangofunika mbande zokha zomwe zimabzala chokha. Mbande amazidulira m'makapu okhala ndi pafupifupi 200 ml. Pakapita nthawi, mutha kusankhanso.
Kutsina
Kuti zitheke kumera bwino kwa mbewuzo, kumadina pang'ono. Pamwamba pa pepala lachinayi kapena lachisanu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse pamwamba komanso malo okula. Pakatikati pakati pa njira ndi masiku 7-10.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Pakakhala mwendo wakuda chifukwa chothirira kwambiri, mbewuzo zimachotsedwa, ndipo tsamba lomwe limakuliralo limapukusidwa ndi yankho la manganese.
Ndikakhala ndi chitsulo m'nthaka komanso chinyezi chambiri, chlorosis imatha kukhazikika. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi chitsulo.
Vuto lalikulu la petunia ndi nthata ya akangaude. Mutha kuthana ndi izi mothandizidwa ndi "Actellik" kapena "Fitoverm".
Kukonzekera mbande za petunia kuti zibzalidwe panthaka
Ndondomeko imayamba masabata awiri asanadzalemo mu nthaka. Gawo loyamba (pa khonde lotseguka kapena m'munda) limatha kuposa mphindi 15. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kuwonjezera nthawi "yoyenda", pang'onopang'ono imabweretsa maola 24 patsiku.
Kuyika mbande panthaka
Kuti mukhale ndi maluwa ambiri komanso nthawi yayitali ya petunias, ndikofunikira kusankha malo owotcha dzuwa ndi dothi lachonde, oyeretsa udzu wamasamba ndikuthira manyowa ndi manyowa kapena kompositi.
Mbande zimabzalidwa dzuwa likadalipo kapena madzulo. Kuzama kwa dzenje lobzala ndi masentimita 10-15. Mtunda pakati pa kubzala ndizoyambira 18 mpaka 30 cm, kutengera mitundu ndi kukula kwa tchire mtsogolo. Kubala kuyenera kuchitika ndi njira yodutsa. Kuti muchotsere chomera chaching'ono mu thankiyo, ndikofunikira kuthirira dothi lomaliralo nthawi yayitali kale.
Kutsirira koyamba kumachitika mutabzala. Dera loyandikana ndi mbewuyo liyenera kukhala ndi mulus kapena peat, ndipo dongo liyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamwamba pa petunias kuchokera ku dzuwa mwachindunji (kwa masiku angapo oyambira).
