Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali patsamba lanu kapena kuyesa kukulitsa zinthu zachilengedwe - izi zimakumana ndi zovuta zambiri zamaluwa. Mosamala kwambiri kusankha malo apakatikati, ndipo chithandizo cha m'mundawo ndi urea ndi sulfate yamkuwa imakhala imodzi mwanjira zoyambirira zolimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo mu nyengo yatsopano. Chifukwa chiyani kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira kwambiri? Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone mtundu wa mankhwala.
Kufotokozera kwa mankhwala ndi momwe amathandizira pazomera
Copper sulfate ndi urea amachita mosiyana pamasamba. Zimatengera kapangidwe kawo ka mankhwala.
Copper sulfate imatchedwa mkuwa wa sulfate, molekyu iliyonse yomwe imalumikizana ndi mamolekyulu asanu amadzi okha. Pakusamalira maluwa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yankho lamadzi ngati antiseptic ndi fungicide - chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi matenda oyamba ndi mbewu. Mankhwalawa amalumikizana, ndiko kuti, samalowa mkatikati, koma amangogwira pansi.
Copper sulfate ndi m'gulu la zinthu zomwe sizikhala ndi zoopsa, koma pogwira ntchito ndi izi muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mukupepuka: valani chopumira, zovala zoteteza ndi magalasi.
Urea (urea) ndi mankhwala okhala ndi 46% nayitrogeni, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Mabakiteriya achilengedwe amawola kukhala ammonia ndi nitrate. Mwanjira imeneyi, amazimidwa ndi mbeu. Nitrogen ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zakudya za mbewu. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni kumachulukitsa kwambiri zipatso zonse. Koma kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kumavulaza onse munthu ndi chilengedwe, kotero mulingo sayenera kupitirira.
Ikani fetelezayu mu mawonekedwe owuma, akununkhira m'nthaka, ndi njira yothirira madzi. Kumwaza ndi yankho la urea ndichovala chapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa alimi, popeza nayitrogeni mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi amatengedwa ndi mbeu mwachangu kwambiri kuposa pouma ndipo osalowa mu dothi, potero samapanga nitrate owonjezeramo.
Chifukwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira kumayambiriro kwamasika
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo azindikira zifukwa zingapo nthawi yomweyo zochizira mundawo ndi urea ndi vitriol ziyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwamasika
- M'mundamo, kufunika kwa nayitrogeni m'mitengo kumera kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula ndipo kumatha mpaka pakati pa chilimwe. Koma dothi silinawotchedwe kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndipo njira zachilengedwe zopanga ma nitrate momwemo zimaponderezedwa. Chifukwa chake, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni kuti mudzabwezeretsenso nkhokwe za nayitrogeni nthawi imeneyi.
- Kumwaza m'mundamo ndi urea kumathandizira kuchotsa tizirombo tambiri nthawi yachisanu mu khungwa - nsabwe, nthata zofiira, njenjete, kafadala, maluwa, magalasi, masamba a masamba ndi ena. Pachifukwa ichi, yankho la urea logwiritsidwa ntchito limagwiritsidwa ntchito - pafupifupi 700 magalamu pachidebe chilichonse cha madzi. Masamba asanaphuke, izi ndizotetezedwa kumtengo.
- Ndi isanayambike kutentha, matenda a fungal a mitengo yazipatso amachititsidwa - powdery mildew, nkhanambo, moniliosis ndi ena. Matendawa ndi osavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiza mtengo wofooka. Kuphulika koyambirira kwamasamba ndikutulutsa 5% ya sulfate yamkuwa kungathandize kuponderezera fungal spores.
Mitengo yayitali kwambiri yamkuwa wa sulfate ndi urea wa mitengo ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito masamba asanaonekere.
Ndikotheka kupopera m'mundamu ndi yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa pokhapokha masamba atatsegulidwa kuti asayake. Nyengo yoyambirira ikayamba, msuzi wa Bordeaux umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Momwe angakonzekere munda kupopera
Pamaso pa kasupe chithandizo cha m'mundamu ndi urea ndi sulfate wamkuwa, ndikofunikira kukonza mitengo:
- kudula nthambi zowuma ndi zodwala;
- kuyeretsa madera a khungwa lakufa;
- Kuyesa mabala oyeretsa ndi kuyeretsa;
- kusonkha ndi kuwotcha masamba chaka chatha.
Malo onse oyeretsedwa samatenthedwa ndi yankho la sulfate yamkuwa, amacheka ndi var var ya m'munda.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusankha tsiku lowuma, lamkati, pomwe mpweya umawonjezeka mpaka madigiri 5 Celsius. Mu nyengo yamvula, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikungakhale kopindulitsa.
Momwe mungapangire kusakaniza
Njira yothetsera urea ndi sulfate yamkuwa pokonzera mitengo yakonzedwa motere:
- kutsanulira 700 magalamu a urea mu chidebe 10-lita;
- kuthira madzi mumtsuko ndi kusambitsa mpaka utasungunuka kwathunthu;
- Magalamu 50 amkuwa wa sulfate mumadzi ochepa omwe amawotchera amadyera mumbale ina;
- Vitriol wothiriridwa umathiridwa mumtsuko ndikuwuthanso.
Finyani mitengoyo masika ndi urea ndi mkuwa sulfate mokulira, mukunyika thunthu, nthambi ndi nthaka ya thunthu.
Osakaniza omalizidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Musanayambe ntchito, valani zida zoteteza - magalasi, kupuma komanso magolovu.
Mankhwalawa atha kupakidwa mu galasi, matabwa kapena mapulasitiki.
Kukhazikika kwa kasupe m'munda wamaluwa ndi urea ndi sulfate yamkuwa, yoyendetsedwa molingana ndi malamulo onse, ndikutsimikizira kuti dimba lanu lidzakhala labwino komanso lidzakusangalatsani kukolola kosangalatsa. Koma tisaiwale kuti kuti tipeze zotsatira zabwino m'mundamu, njira zonse zofunika ndizofunikira. Mitengo imafunikira feteleza wosiyanasiyana ndikuiteteza ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga chaka chonse.
