Peperomia (Peperomia) ndi mtundu wa zobiriwira zobiriwira zobiriwira za banja la Pepper (Piperaceae) wokhala ndi masamba okongoletsera ndi mphukira wokhazikika. Kutalika kwa mbewu kumasiyana masentimita 15 mpaka 50. Pafupifupi mitundu 1000 ya peperomia imadziwika, yambiri imachokera kumadera otentha a Asia ndi America. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya peperomies yokhala ndi chovala chambiri komanso chosasiyanitsa pakati pa mbewu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba oyamba - achikuda ndi chonyezimira, osalala kapena ofota, obiriwira kapena mitundu mitundu. Pali peperomies wokhala ndi dothi lokwera, lakugwa kapena lakuwombera. Mu chikhalidwe cha peperomia, amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati masamba okongoletsera ndipo amakulira mu chipinda kapena panja. Nkhaniyi ikufotokozera za mawonekedwe a chisamaliro cha peperomia.
Peperomia wopusa 'Greengold'.
Kodi peperomia amawoneka bwanji?
Peperomia ndi yosiyana mawonekedwe, kukula ndi mtundu wamasamba. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi masamba ozungulira, owala, lanceolate, masamba owoneka ndi mtima - kuchokera kakang'ono komanso kowoneka bwino kwambiri. Mtundu wa masamba ungakhale wopepuka kapena wobiriwira wakuda, bulawuni, maolivi, golide, wamtambo siliva, wokhala ndi malo oyera kapena achikasu, madontho. Masamba a Peperomia nthawi zambiri amakhala ozungulira. Malo awo amatha kukhala osalala kapena ofunda, komanso owuma, opindika.
Maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera a peperomy amasonkhanitsidwa mumapangidwe owoneka ngati kachulukidwe kapangidwe kake kapena kakobowolembeka pamiyendo italiitali. Pa chitsamba chopangidwa bwino, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma inflorescence a 10-15. M'malo mchipinda, mbewu za peperomia sizipsa.
Zambiri za peperomia zokulira
Malo: Mitundu yonse ya peperomia siyilekerera kugwa, motero nthawi yozizira imasungidwa madigiri 18-20. Amakonda kuyatsa kwabwino, koma kumatha kumera pang'ono, ngakhale pansi pazowunikira. Osangolekezera dzuwa lowongoka chabe.
KuthiriraWochenjera. Pakati kuthirira, dothi limaloledwa kuti liume, koma nthawi yomweyo saloledwa kuyamba kufota masamba a peperomia. M'nyengo yozizira, madzi ochepa, madzi ofunda amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira.
Chinyezi cha mpweya: Peperomia amakonda chinyezi chokwanira. M'chilimwe, nthawi ndi nthawi masamba amapopera. M'nyengo yozizira, musasase.
Kuswana: Kufalitsa peperomia ndi zodula. Shrub woboola pakati - wamasamba, komanso wolimba komanso wolimba - tsinde.
Thirani: Ngati ndi kotheka - chosowa, ngati kuli kotheka, chiziikidwa mumphika wokulirapo m'chaka chilichonse pakapita zaka zingapo.
Peperomia kufota.
Chisamaliro cha Peperomia kunyumba
Peperomia ndichomera chosamveranso, chimakula bwino mchipindamo mosamala, koma sichimalola kukonzekera. Kwa peperomia, malo otentha omwe ali ndi nyali zowala kapena mthunzi wosyanasiyana amasankhidwa. Ma peperomies obiriwira obiriwira sakhala ndi zithunzi zambiri, ndipo peperomia yokhala ndi mitundu yambiri imafunanso kuwala (ikasowa, imatembenukira zobiriwira), koma siyilekerera dzuwa mwachindunji. Peperomia imakula bwino mu kuwala. Ndi wopanda kuwala, masamba a peperomium amataya kukongoletsa kwake: amakhala osalala, otuwa.
Peperomia imathiriridwa pafupipafupi komanso mwapang'ono ndi madzi ofunda. Pakati pa kuthirira ndikofunikira kuti nthaka isume (koma osalole masamba kufota). M'nyengo yozizira, peperomia imathiriridwa pang'ono, imasungidwa pamtengo wotentha (madigiri a 18-20, dothi lotentha ndilofunika).
Mitundu ya peperomia yokhala ndi masamba ofunikira imakhala ndi mpweya wouma; peperomia wokhala ndi masamba osalala amafunika mpweya wonyowa komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. M'chipinda chofunda, masamba a peperomium amathiridwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala; ikasungidwa kuzizirira komanso kuzizira kwa nyengo yachisanu nkosayenera. Kuchokera kuthirira kwambiri, kuchokera kumlengalenga kwambiri, chifukwa cha "mapazi ozizira", masamba a peperomium amawala, amatha kufooka, ndipo amakhala opunduka. Makungu owonda angawonekere - chifukwa, amagwa. Komanso, kuchokera pakusunthika kwa chinyezi m'nthaka, masamba, petioles ndi zimayambira (malo owola amatha kutundidwa ndi imvi kapena pinki yoyera pachimake - fungal mycelium), zowola zimayamba.
Peperomia zokwawa.
Pakakulitsa peperomia, mapoto osaya osankhidwa amasankhidwa, popeza mizu yawo ndiyifupi, yopyapyala komanso yofowoka. Payenera kukhala imodzi pansi pamphika, kapena bwinoko, mabowo angapo oyikirako. Mukamatera, konzani madzi okwanira (6 cm). Mu nthawi ya masika kapena nthawi yotentha, ma peperomies ang'onoang'ono amatulutsa chaka chilichonse, mbewu zazikulu kuposa zaka zitatu - zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake. Kuika mbewu zakale zimachitika pofunikira. Gawo liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi komanso lotayirira: dothi lamasamba, humus, peat ndi mchenga (2: 1: 1: 0.5). Kapena: tsamba, tsamba, humfy, peat ndi mchenga m'magawo ofanana. Kubzala peperomia mu dothi lolemera kumabweretsa chovunda.
Nthonje zokhala ndi mphukira zazitali za peperomia kutsina mchaka (kupangitsa kuti zimere), chomera cha "dazi" chimadulidwa. Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala, peperomia imadyetsedwa feteleza wokwanira maminiti atatu aliwonse.
Peperomia clusielistic 'Red Margin'.
Mitundu yotchuka ya peperomia
Mukhala Peperomia (Peperomia caperata)
Chomera chaching'ono chokongola ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, amdera wobiriwira, okhala ndi masamba osakhwima a petioles. Masamba amatengedwa pang'ono pamafupikitsidwa. Ma inflorescence okongola owoneka ngati chipilala ndi oyera ngati chipale chofewa, oyera ngati mtambo, omwe amakhala pamwamba pa masamba ambiri. Chomera chokongola kwambiri chamkati chamaluwa chamaluwa. Dothi: chophatikiza chophatika chophatikiza ndi pepala, nthaka ndi mchenga (1: 1: 0.5).
Peperomia clusiifolia (Peperomia clusiifolia)
Chomera chachikulu chokwera, chopanda minofu chokhazikitsidwa ndi mizere munsi. Masamba ndi osiyana, okhala ndi petioles lalifupi (osaposa 1 cm), okulirapo (mpaka 15 cm., 6-8 cm mulifupi.), Obovate wokhala ndi mawonekedwe onyansa kapena osakhazikika komanso zochulukirapo kapena zooneka ngati zopindika, nthawi zina amakhala ngati makutu; wakuda kwambiri, wamtundu, wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi tinge yofiyira komanso mdera lofiirira lakuda mozungulira m'mphepete, matte. Kwawoko - Antilles, Venezuela. Pazikhalidwe zamkati, mawonekedwe a munda wa Variegata amadziwikanso - ndi masamba kumtunda wamtambo wobiriwira wokhala ndi malo obiriwira obiriwira, kupitirira mpaka kumapiri kwamiyala yoyera kapena chikasu ndi utoto wofiirira komanso malire owala kwambiri. Pali mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakaso achikasu kapena ofiira.
Peperomia magnolia (Peperomia magnoliaefolia)
Zomera zokhala ndi nthambi zambiri, zowongoka, kapena kukwera, zokhala ndi minofu yofiyira, zomwe zimakhazikika m'munsi. Masamba ndi osiyana, okhala ndi mapiko apafupi (2 cm) pang'ono mpaka 15cm. Chonenepa, chachikopa, chobiriwira, chonyezimira. Kwawo - Antilles, Panama, North South America (Venezuela, Colombia, Guiana). Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe wamba, mawonekedwe a munda wa Variegata okhala ndi mawanga oyera oyera ndi achikaso pamasamba ndi otchuka kwambiri. Mitundu pafupi ndi Peperomia etiusifolia (Peperomia dupolifolia).
Peperomia magnolia.
Peperomia pereskylistny (Peperomia pereskiifolia)
Chomera chokwezeka kwa nthawi yayitali, kenako chimagona ndi kuzika mizu. Amasiyira 3-5 ma whorls, 3-5 cm kutalika., 2-3 cm mulifupi., Elliptical kapena round-rhomboid, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, mitsempha itatu yayikulu, yolimba kwambiri, yosalala, yobiriwira. Kwawo - pakati komanso kumpoto kwa South America, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Peru.
Siliva peperomia (Peperomia argyreia)
Chomera chofanizira ndi phesi yofupikika yokhala ndi masamba okhazikika, odzaza, ngati maluwa, masamba. Masamba okhala ndi petioles zazitali zofiirira (kupitirira 10 cm), kutalika kwa 6c cm, 5-8 cm mulifupi., Ovate, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofupika komanso chithokomiro, wokhala ndi mitsempha yotalika 9-11, zobiriwira zakuda pamwamba pamitsempha. , pakati pa mitsempha - kuwala, kuluka, kuchokera pansi - wobiriwira wopepuka. Kwawo - North South America, Venezuela, Brazil. Nthaka: pepala ndi kompositi lapansi, mchenga (2: 2: 1).
Peperomia siliva imvi (Peperomia griseoargentea)
Mtunduwu ndi wofanana mu mtundu wakukula kwa woyamba. Masamba kutalika kwa 8-9 masentimita., 3-6 cm mulifupi., Ali ndi petioles yayitali kutalika kwa mbale, ov-ovate, akuwonetsa pamtunda, wowoneka wamtima kapena chithokomiro pamunsi wokhala ndi mitsempha ya 7-9, yobiriwira, yobiriwira, yonyezimira, yokhala pang'ono wavy pamwamba ndi m'mphepete. Kwawo - Brazil. M'magulu azikhalidwe, mawonekedwe a dimba la Nigra omwe ali ndi masamba obiriwira wakuda m'mphepete amadziwikanso.
Peperomia vulgaris (Peperomia obtusifolia)
Mtundu womwe uli wofanana kwambiri ndi Peperomia magnolia, pomwe umasiyana mwatsatanetsatane wa kapangidwe ka khutu ndi zipatso. Munthawi yamasamba, ndizovuta kuzindikira chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake omera, pomwe ena alibe masamba komanso masamba osalala. Kwawo - Antilles, Mexico, pakati komanso kumpoto kwa South America (Venezuela, Colombia, Suriname). Mitundu ingapo yam'munda imadziwika: Alba - yokhala ndi milky-oyera kapena kirimu masamba; Albo-variegata - wokhala ndi masamba, obiriwira wobiriwira pakati, siliva m'mphepete, ndi zina. Mbewuyo siyabwino, koma yopepuka kuyisamalira. Dothi liyenera kukhala lachonde: osakaniza pepala, nthaka ya sod, peat ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1: 1).
Peperomia ndi siliva.
Zovuta zazikulu pakukula peperomia
Peperomia imachoka ndi nsonga zofiirira komanso m'mphepete. Cholinga chake ndi kutsika kosayembekezereka kwa kutentha. Chotsani masamba owonongeka onse, tetezani mbewu pamalowo, pewani kuzizira zenera.
Masamba osayembekezereka amagwera mitundu yabwino. Cholinga chake ndikuchedwa kuthirira. Peperomia imathirira madzi nthaka ikamuma pang'ono, koma masamba asanayambe kufota.
Masamba a Peperomia ndi aulesi komanso kuzimiririka. Malo amawola pa tsinde kapena masamba. Zomera zofanana ndi za nkhumba pamasamba omwe ali pansipa. Chifukwa chake ndikuthilira kwamadzi nthaka, makamaka nyengo yozizira.
Kugwa mosayembekezeka kwa masamba a peperomia m'nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa chake ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri.
Peperomia pereskylisty
Zothandiza zimatha peperomia mnyumba
Mu tchire lonse peperomia: mu chulu, silvery ndi kufota - masamba ali osiyanasiyana. Amagwirizana mwangwiro ndi zotsutsana. Mtengo womwewo wa peperomia, womwe umatha kutchedwa "banja lochezeka", ndipo masamba owoneka bwino amawonetsa mawonekedwe a mbewu yabwino, kuthekera kwake kuyanjanitsa zotsutsana.
Ndikwabwino kukhala ndi chilichonse cham'mapiri omwe ali mnyumba momwe mumakhala anthu, momwe mzimu wopanduka umaonekera bwino, iwo omwe, mwa kufuna kwawo, amachita zosemphana ndi zofuna za ena.
Peperomia imasunga nyumbayo mwamtendere. Komwe kuli peperomia, kukoma mtima ndi mtendere zimachitika mlengalenga. Ndi peperomia, malo omwe nyumbayo imapangitsa munthu kuti aziganizira moona mtima mnansi wake.
Peperomia ndi silvery.
Amakhulupirira kuti chinyumba ichi chimakhudza kwambiri thanzi la munthu. Amawonetsera, monga mbewu zambiri za chizindikiro cha Khansa, makamaka kwa ziwalo ndi machitidwe omwe chizindikiro cha zodiac ichi chimawongolera: chimbudzi, chimbudzi cha mammary, ndi ndulu ya ndulu. Amati peperomies yaying'ono pawindo imathandizira kuti pakhale ma suture komanso kuchiritsa mabala a ziwalozi.
Monga momwe izi ziliri zoona, sitidzitengera tokha, koma zakuti peperomia ndichosadzinyenga komanso chosangalatsa kwambiri ndichowona.
