Chrysanthemums ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe zimakonda kwambiri maluwa. Izi sizoy chifukwa cha mawonekedwe okongola okongoletsa okha, komanso chisamaliro chawo chosavuta. Amakongoletsa dimba lililonse la maluwa mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Chrysanthemums zabwino (kulima ndi kusamalira)
Kukula kwa chrysanthemums sikovuta, ngakhale kwa alimi osadziwa. Madera oyatsidwa bwino ndi nthaka yachonde, yapakatikati ndioyenera. Nthaka sayenera kukhala ndi zochulukirapo feteleza wachilengedwe. Mukamasankha malo a chrysanthemums, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti salola madzi kusayenda. Chomera chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuzizira kwake komanso kulekerera kwachilala.
Ma Chrysanthemums amachulukitsa ndikudula ndikugawa zakumwa za amayi. Posachedwa, njira yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri maluwa awa pofesa mbewu panthaka ndi mbande. Nthawi zambiri, njira yofalitsira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereketsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chrysanthemums. Ena odziwika bwino maluwa amakula maluwa pofesa mbewu nyengo yozizira isanachitike.
Chrysanthemums amadziwika kuti ndi mankhwala osagonjetseka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, komabe, atha kuthana ndi izi:
- Powdery mildew, chizindikiro chomwe ndi yoyera yofiyira yoyera pamitundu yonse ya mbewu. Ndi matenda, kuchuluka kokwanira kwa phosphorous ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu ndikofunikira, kuchotsa masamba akale ndi kuthirira muzu popanda chinyezi pamasamba.
- Nematodosis, pomwe malo owala amawonekera pamasamba, ochepa ndi mitsempha. Kenako zimakhala zakuda komanso zowuma. Njira zowongolera: kuwotcha nthaka, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena formalin kapena carbotion. Tchire wodwala amasungidwa m'madzi otentha (55 ° C) kwa mphindi 5. Pambuyo pa mankhwalawa, amawokedwa m'nthaka yotsalira ndi tizilombo toononga.
- Tizilombo ta m'munda kapena timabuluti timene timadya timadziti ta mbewu. Njira zoyendetsera: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ("Karbofos", "Decis", "Mkwiyo").
- Kangaude yemwe amawononga masamba pansi. Njira zowongolera: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa "Karbofos".
M'mabedi amaluwa, mitundu iyi ya chrysanthemums imakula.
- Maluwa ocheperako, omwe ali ndi mphukira zambiri, ovala korona ndi zambiri (mpaka 800 zidutswa) inflorescence yaying'ono, yokhala ndi mainchesi a 2-9 cm.
- Chachikulu kwambiri, mpaka kutalika kwa 1-1.2 mita. Pamitengo yawo pali ma inflorescence akuluakulu a 1-10.
Omwe alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma chrysanthemums kuti azikulitsa nthawi yozizira. Mu Januware-Marichi, maluwa omwe amachedwa kwambiri ndi masabata a 12-14 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze maluwa. Njira yakukulira ma chrysanthemums ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito kuunikira kowonjezera.
Momwe mungakulitsire ma chrysanthemums kuchokera pambewu m'dera lanu?
Kulima kwa chrysanthemums kwapachaka komanso kosatha kwakhala kofala kwambiri. Zitha kupezeka pofesa mbewu panthaka kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena Meyi. Zitsime zimakonzedwa pamabedi okonzedwa ndi gawo la 20-25 cm.Amatsanulira ndi madzi ofunda ndipo mbewu 2-3 zimayikidwa. Owaza ndi mabowo apadziko lapansi amaphimba filimuyo. Chifukwa cha ichi, dothi lomwe lili mdzenjemo lidzatenthetsedwa ndi kupukutidwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbewu zimere mwachangu.
Pamene mphukira zoyambirira zikuwonekera, pobisalira zimachotsedwa. Kusamalira ma chrysanthemums achichepere kumakhala kumasula nthawi zonse dothi, kuchotsa maudzu ndikuthira umuna. Sabata itatha kumera, zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa madzi, wothira madzi kwambiri. Kwa izi, mankhwala ngati Rainbow ndi abwino ndi oyenera.
Mbewu zikafika masentimita 5 mpaka 10, chomera chimodzi chimatsala dzenje. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani zochitika zolimba kwambiri. Mbewu zotsala zimatha kuchotsedwa muthaka ndikuzibzala kwina. Chrysanthemums pachimake patatha masiku 40-50 patatha kuonekera mbande.
Mmera wa chrysanthemums kuchokera ku mbewu
Kukula kwa chrysanthemums kuchokera ku mbewu kumatha kuchitika kudzera mu mbande. Maluwa amatuluka mwachangu kwambiri. Ma chrysanthemums osatha amakulitsidwa motere. Mu febru-Marichi, mbewu zimafesedwa m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono odzazidwa ndi mchere wosakanikirana. Mwa kukonzekera kwake motere, mutha kutenga dothi kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha, humus ndi peat. Asanafesere mbewuzo, dothi losakanizikirana limazunguliridwa, ndikuwotcha kutentha kwa pafupifupi 120 ° C. Zoyala zobzala bwino zamaluwa ndizoyeneranso mbande.
Drainage (dongo lokulitsidwa, miyala ing'onoing'ono, njerwa zophwanyika) liyenera kuthiridwa pansi pa mabokosi. Pamwamba pake, dothi lonyowa limakutidwa. Pamaso pake pamathiridwa mbewu.
Nthawi yomweyo, pali lamulo lokwanira kuti kuthetsedwe kwawo:
- mbewu za pachrysanthemums zapachaka zowazidwa ndi dothi la 0,5 cm;
- Mbewu za mitundu yosatha ndizosiyidwa panthaka, kumangosindikizira ndi dzanja lanu.
Tsitsani nthaka ndi mfuti. Mabokosi amakutidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira. Amayikidwa pamalo otentha pomwe kutentha kwake ndi 23-25 ° C. Mbewu zimayendera pafupipafupi, kunyowetsedwa ndikuwongolera. Nthaka sikuyenera kupukuta. Pambuyo pa masiku 10 mpaka 14, mphukira zimawonekera. Pambuyo pake, mabokosi okhala ndi mbande amawonekera pamalo owala.
Masamba 2-4 akaoneka, mbewuzo amazikhira m'makapu kapena m'miphika. Izi zitha kuteteza mizu ya chrysanthemums kuti isawonongeke pakuwonjezera. Mera yodontha molimba komanso yofooka siyabwino poyenda m'madzi. Mukatha kuchita njirayi, mbewuzo zimathiridwa mafuta ndi yankho la "Zircon" kapena "Epin-Extras." Mankhwalawa amathandiza mbande kuzika mizu mwachangu.
Kusamalira chrysanthemums achinyamata ndikosavuta. Muli ndikukhalabe kutentha kwambiri pa 16-18 ° C, kutsirira pafupipafupi ndi kuvala kwapamwamba. Zomera zimaphatikizidwa kamodzi sabata iliyonse. Kuwala kosakwanira kwachilengedwe, kuunikira kowonjezera kungafunike. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mbande zimafikira 15 cm masentimita mu 1.5 miyezi. Mlengalenga mukawotha mumsewu mpaka 15-18 ° C, mbewu zimasungidwa kumalo obiriwira. Pambuyo pakuwopseza kwa madontho a masika kutha mu Meyi, ma chrysanthemums amawokedwa m'malo okhazikika. Atangofika pamaluwa a maluwa, nsonga za mbande zimapanikizika. Nthambi zotsogola zikafika kutalika masentimita 15 mpaka 20, kutsina kumabwerezedwa. Chifukwa cha njirayi, zitsamba zowirira, zowoneka bwino zimasungidwa ndi inflorescence zambiri.
Kudula ndi magawano a chitsamba cha chrysanthemums
Njira yayikulu yofalitsira ma chrysanthemums imadziwika kuti ndiwowononga - kudula. Ntchito yakubereka imayamba ndikusankha mbewu zabwino kwambiri za amayi. Maluwa atatha, amawonjezeredwa m'malo obiriwira kapena obzalidwa m'mabokosi ndikusiyidwa m'malo abwino, owuma ndi oyaka. Kenako vernalization imachitika - zomwe amayi amamwa zakumwa za kutentha kwa 1-4 ° C kwa masabata 2-4. Kenako amabweretsedwa m'chipinda chofunda. Zitatha izi, mizu imayamba kukula mwachangu pa mbewu za mayi. Amaduladula kudulidwa ndikupanga 2-3 internodes. Amabzala m'mabokosi okonzedwa. Kutentha kwakukulu pa kutukuka kwawo ndi 16-18 ° C.
Kubelekera pogawa chitsamba sikubala zipatso, koma kosavuta. Pakugawa, ma chrysanthemums ang'onoang'ono omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tchire zimasulidwa pambuyo pa zaka 2, ndikuzigawa m'magawo angapo ndi mphukira zazing'ono.
