Momordica ndi mpesa wokwera udzu kuchokera ku banja la dzungu. Ili ndi masamba osemedwa, maluwa onunkhira ndi zipatso zachilendo, zakupsa - zofanana ndi maluwa owala a lalanje. Ali ndi mayina ambiri: nkhaka za ku India, kapena chikasu, nkhaka zamkaka, vwende wamisala, makangaza aku India, peyala ya basamu, ndi zina zambiri. Momwe mungakulitsire momordica mu wowonjezera kutentha, pa khonde komanso poyera, chisamaliro chomwe chikufunikira, ndi zomwe zimatengedwa kuti ndizofunika kwambiri, werengani nkhaniyi.
Chipatso cha Momordiki Charentia, kapena Bitter Cucumber (Momordica charantia).
Ndi chiyani iye - momordica?
Momordica (Momordica) - mtundu wazomera wa Pumpkin banja (Cucurbitaceae), zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu 20 ya mipesa yapachaka kapena yosatha. Monga mbewu zobzalidwa nthawi zambiri zimamera Momordica harania (Momordica charantia).
Kwawo kwa momordiki ndi madera otentha a India ndi Southeast Asia. Momordica amasiyana ndi zikhalidwe zina za dzungu mumtundu wake wowonda kwambiri, womwe umatha kutalika kwa 2 metres kapena kupitilira, komanso masamba akuluakulu obiriwira, masamba odulidwa bwino.
Maluwa a momordiki amagwirizana ndikuyamba kupanga mphukira. Maluwa ake ndi okongola, achikasu owala, onunkhira bwino wa jasmine, pamiyendo yayitali; maluwa achikazi ndizocheperako pang'ono. Poyamba, maluwa amphongo amawonekera pachomera, kenako - maluwa achikazi.
Pambuyo pakuvunda, thumba losunga mazira nthawi yomweyo limayamba kukula mwachangu. Zipatso za "warty" zimakutidwa kunja ndi zotulutsa ngati nipple, ngati khungu la ng'ona. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owongoka komanso okhala ndi mbali yayitali 10 cm masentimita ndi mainchesi 7 mpaka 7. Pang'onopang'ono amakhala achikasu kapena lalanje.
Anthu okhala m'chilimwe sakonda chomera ichi chifukwa cha machiritso ake, omwe tikambirane pansipa, komanso chifukwa cha momordica chimawoneka chokongoletsa kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa ndi kucha. Eni ake amatenga munda nthawi zambiri amathanso kubzala ma momordica m'mphepete mwa mipanda ndi m'matanthwe.
Mbewu za momordica zimakhala zofiirira zofiirira, zosalala modabwitsa, kukula kwa mbewu za mavwende, zimakhala ndi peel yowonda koma yolimba. Ikakhwima, chipatso chimang'amba m'munsi mwake ndikugwedezeka m'miyendo itatu. Kuchokera pamenepo mbewu zimagwera mu 15-30 zidutswa.
Mkati mwa chipatsocho mumakhala utoto wowoneka bwino wamtambo wakuda wa ruby. Chimakoma kwambiri, chimafanana ndi ma thumu akakhwima, ndipo zipatso zimakoma ngati kukoma kwa dzungu. Pamaso pa chipatsocho pamakhala kuwawa, kotero momordica imakonda kutchedwa "mphonda wowawa." Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kuwawa kumeneku sikuwononga kukoma ndikukulolani kuti muzitha kuphika mbale zabwino kuchokera ku zipatso za momordica.
Zipatso za momordica harania, kapena nkhaka zowawa (Momordica charantia).
Zambiri za kukula kwa momordiki
Momordica ikhoza kukhala yokhazikika mu greenhouse, wowonjezera kutentha, khonde komanso chipinda pazenera. Kwenikweni, chomeracho chimafalikira pogwiritsa ntchito njere, koma njira yofalitsira poidula imagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Mitundu ina ya momordica imamera monga zokongoletsera zamkati, pomwe zina imakulidwa monga mbewu zamasamba kapena monga zokongoletsera m'miyeso ndi makonde.
Kufesa mbewu
Monga tanena kale, mbewu za momordica zimakhala ndi chipolopolo. Komabe, ali ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa kumera. Sakufunikira kukonzekera kwapadera, kupatula kuwira mu njira yofooka ya manganese tsiku lisanachotsedwe. Osadikirira kumera kwa madzi m'madzi, mwachitsanzo ndi mbewu zamakango, apo ayi adzawola.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu ndi nthiti yakuya masentimita 1.5 mumiphika za peat ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 10 cm, yodzazidwa ndi dothi losakaniza bwino. Atangotsitsidwa, ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda, pambuyo pake sayenera kuthiriridwa kwa masiku atatu.
Nthawi yabwino yodzala mbewu ndi kutha kwa Marichi kapena kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Mphukira zimawonekera pambuyo pa masiku 10-15 pa kutentha pang'ono kwa + 20 ° C. Dothi lokhala ndi mbande liyenera kusungidwa bwino m'malo otentha komanso ofunda ndipo mbewu zotetezedwa kuti zisasinthidwe ndikusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha. Kawiri pamwezi tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuthira nthaka, kusinthana ndi feteleza wachilengedwe komanso michere.
Mutha kufalitsa momordica ndi zodula. Kuti muchite izi, mphukira umayikidwa m'madzi kapena mumsuzi wa peat ndikudikirira kuti muzu wawo uzike. Kutentha kwampweya sikuyenera kutsika kuposa + 25 ° ะก. Zidutswa zokonzeka zibzalidwe pamalo otetezedwa ndi mtsuko wagalasi kwa masiku angapo.
Tsegulani ndikugulitsa
Mbewu ikafika masentimita 25, imasungidwa mumphika wokulirapo. Ozikidwa malo otseguka kumapeto kwa Meyi, chitani izi limodzi ndi mtanda wopanda dothi. Kuwonekera kwa mizu kumakhudzira kukula kwa mbewuyo, chifukwa mizu yake imakula bwino. Chifukwa chake, pamafunika nthawi zina kuwonjezera dothi momwe limatsukidwira nthawi yothirira.
Ngati malowo siotentha kwenikweni, ndiye kuti kubzala koyambirira kuyenera kuchitidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi pobisalira kanema kwakanthawi. Momordica akumva bwino m'malo omwe mbewu monga mbatata, nyemba, ndi phwetekere zidamera pamaso pake.
Momordica Charente.
Chisamaliro cha Momordica
Kuti muthe kukolola bwino kwa momordica, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisapatse mphamvu korona wake. Kufikira 50 cm, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mphukira zonse zam'mbali; Nthawi zambiri pamtengo kusiya masamba atatu. Akuwombera pamwamba 50-70 masentimita amachotsedwa zipatso zoyamba zitamangidwa. Kukula kwabwinobwino ndi kuphuka, momordic imafunikira thandizo. Mwachilengedwe, thandizo limapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe ofukula trellis, yomwe imapatsa mbewu yake bwino.
Nthawi yamaluwa ya momordiki imagwirizana ndi nthawi yopanga mphukira. Chomera chimakhala ndi maluwa achimuna ndi achikazi, ndipo chachimuna chimawoneka pang'ono koyambirira kuposa chachikazi. Asanakhale zipatso, masamba ndi zimayambira za momordica zimayambitsa khungu kuwotedwa ndikakhudzidwa, ngati nettle.
Kuti zipatso ziyambe kumangidwa, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti maluwa akutulutsa. Akakula m'malo otseguka, izi zimachitika ndi tizilombo. Kunyumba, mungu umachotsedwa pamaluwa achimuna ndi kusamutsira kumtundu wamwamuna pogwiritsa ntchito burashi kapena swab thonje.
Momordica Charantia, kapena Bitter nkhaka (Momordica charantia).
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzakolole zipatso za momordica patsiku la 8-10 atawonekera, komabe alibe kukoma. Kututa pafupipafupi kumadziwika kuti kumapangitsa kuti zipatso zambiri zitheke. Nthawi yomweyo, ngati zipatso zambiri zipsa pamimba nthawi yomweyo, zimafooka.
Monga woimira banja la maungu, momordica ndi wofanana ndi abale ake osati mawonekedwe okha. Matenda awo ndi tizirombo ndi omwe omwewo: powdery mildew, bacteriosis, zola yoyera, nsabwe za m'masamba. Zotsirizirazi zimawonekera mumikhalidwe yopanda chinyezi. Chithandizo cha mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mammordica zimachitika chimodzimodzi, mwachitsanzo, chithandizo cha nkhaka.
Zothandiza zimatha momordiki
Amadziwika kuti ku China wakale kunali ma momordic omwe amaloledwa kwa mfumu ndi mamembala ake okha. Ku India, amawoneka ngati chomera cha milungu, ku Japan - chakudya cha ogulitsa nthawi yayitali. M'dziko lathu, nkhaka yodabwitsayi kuti ayesedwe ingagulidwe m'masitolo aku Korea. Ngakhale alimi athu akukhulupirira kuti kukula momordica kwawo ndikosangalatsa komanso kothandiza.
Chipatso chatsopano cha momordiki harania.
Amakhulupilira kuti mbali zonse za mmera ndizopatsa thanzi ndikuchiritsa - mizu, masamba, mbewu, maluwa ndi zipatso. Mphukira zatsopano zatsopano ndi masamba a momordiki amapita ku saladi ndi vinaigrette, ma borsch okoma ndi soups zamankhwala amaphika kuchokera kwa iwo. "Nkhaka za Warty" ndizopatsa thanzi kwambiri kuposa tsabola ndi biringanya.
Vitamini E wopezeka pachomera amateteza thupi kuti lisadutse msanga, Vitamini F imapereka nyonga ndi nyonga, folic acid imadyetsa mafuta m'mafupa, imateteza ku zotupa. Momordica amapha mabakiteriya ndi ma virus, amatenga matenda oopsa, zotupa, zilonda zam'mimba, matenda a shuga komanso khansa ya m'magazi. Kuchulukitsa chitetezo chokwanira. Kuchotsa mafuta ochulukirapo, kuthamangitsa kagayidwe, kumapangitsa kuti chiwerengero chichepe. Amachepetsa cholesterol yamagazi, amayeretsa magazi.
Zikuwoneka kuti chozizwitsa cha nkhaka chimakhala ndi zovuta zonse, kuphatikizapo nyamakazi, kupweteka mutu komanso kupweteka, kupsa mtima, psoriasis, kukhumudwa, furunculosis, hepatitis, prostatitis, urolithiasis, sclerosis. Ndipo Momordica amachiza matenda amaso, amathandizira kuwona kwamphamvu. Zimangoyang'ana!
