Makina - katundu wokula komanso wopindulitsa

Nthawi ina, nandolo ndi nyemba zimachotsa malenje ku msika wa zakudya, omwe amakhalanso a banja lankhondo. Lero, malonda apaderawa (mwanjira ina yatsopano pamsika wam'nyumba) akubwerera ku makhitchini athu.

Makina awo ochiritsa komanso amakoma amadziwika komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chakudya ngakhale ku Egypt wakale, m'malo mwa mitundu yambiri yamasamba. Amawonedwa ngati chakudya cha olemera ndipo sichimawavuta kwa anthu wamba. Ma Lenti anali okondedwa pazakudya zosiyanasiyana, kupumula komanso kuthamanga kwa kukonzekera, kudzikongoletsa kwa thupi (kumverera kwathunthu) popanda kudya kwambiri. Timayamba kudziwana ndi chikhalidwe ichi ndi zopindulitsa zake.

Zobiriwira zobiriwira, zofiira ndi mphodza. © Justinc

Zothandiza pa mphodza

Zopatsa thanzi

Lentils - chopangidwa mogwirizana ndi chibadwa cha anthu. Ili ndi mapuloteni ambiri ovomerezeka ndi chakudya chamafuta, kwa nthawi yayitali amapereka mawonekedwe amtendere. Pali 250-295 Kcal pa 100 gramu mbale ya mphodza. Mapuloteni osavuta kudya (60% kulemera) amathanso kusintha nyama, makamaka ndi zakudya. Mapuloteni amenewa amawamwa bwino komanso mwachangu, samangokhala osavinidwa kuti avunde m'mimba, ndikupangitsa kuti azikhala onunkhira komanso fungo losasangalatsa la belching. Gawo la mphodza limakwaniritsa zofunika za tsiku ndi tsiku za munthu wamkulu za folic acid ndi 90%.

Mu ma gm 100 a ma lent, mafuta omwe sapitilira 1 1. Ndi mafuta ochulukirapo - simungathe kusunga mapaundi owonjezera, koma mutha kukhala odzaza, okongola komanso athanzi. Sinthaninso pasitala ndi chimanga ndi mbale ya mbali ya lentili, muona kuti sizinali chifukwa kuti Esau adapereka ukulu wake supu ya lentili.

Kuyamika phindu la mphodza, ndikokwanira kulemba zomwe zili mu macro- ndi ma microelements mu nyemba za mbewu iyi: calcium, magnesium, sodium, potaziyamu, phosphorous, chlorine, sulfure, iron, zinc, aluminium, manganese, mkuwa, selenium, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum , ayodini, boroni, silicon, nickel, titanium.

Makina okhala ndi mavitamini "A", "PP", "E", "B1", "B2", "B5", "B6", "B9" (folic acid), beta-carotene.

Makina © Andrea Moro

Mawu ambiri ndi akuti serotonin imapezeka mu chokoleti, ndipo imagwiranso ntchito kwa lenti. Nyemba zake zimakhala ndi amino acid tryptophan, yomwe m'thupi la munthu imasinthidwa kukhala serotonin, wotchedwa "vitamini wa chisangalalo." Serotonin imakhudza kukhazikika kwa psyche, kupirira, kumachepetsa nthawi yamayiko ovuta.

Machiritso a mphodza

Mosasamala kanthu za momwe zinthu zikukula, mphodza sizimadzisonkhanitsa nitrate, nitrites, radionuclides ndi zinthu zina poizoni ku thanzi la munthu.
Zipatso za lenti zimalimbitsa minofu yamtima ndikuchita nawo hematopoiesis.
Pewani shuga. Zakudya zamafuta ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga.
Mbatata zosenda, supu, mbewu monga chimphika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakudya zakudya zochizira zilonda zam'mimba ndi matenda am'mimba.
Ma lentel, ngakhale atatha kukonza mafuta, isoflavones amasungidwa - zinthu zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi thanzi la amayi. Amakhala ndi zovuta m'maselo a khansa omwe amayambitsa khansa ya m'mawere, amachepetsa kwambiri matenda amtundu wamtima, kusintha kwamphamvu kwamitsempha yamagazi, komwe kumapangitsa kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ntchito ya cellul, ndi zina.

Komabe, kuphatikiza mphodza mu chakudya, musaiwale za contraindication:

Ndi matenda a impso ndi genitourinary system,
ndi matenda a chiwindi,
ndi dysbiosis ndi m'mimba thirakiti matenda,
mu pachimake zotupa,
ndi gout
Itha kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mavitamini ndi michere ina.

Kumbukirani! Chilichonse ndichothandiza pakachulukitsa. Ma loni sangadye kwambiri.

Chifukwa chiyani chikhalidwechi chili chokongola komanso chifukwa chake chiyenera kuyambitsidwa pakusintha kwachikhalidwe m'minda yake ndi ma dachas?

Kufotokozera kwa Lentil Botanical

Lentil wamba ndi chomera chamadzi pachaka chotalika masentimita 30 mpaka 60. Pakukula kwake, imapanga chitsamba chochepa kwambiri komanso cholimba mbali zinayi. Zimayambira la mphodza ndi ofiira mu utoto, pubescent ndi tsitsi lalifupi losakhwima. Masamba ndi ovuta kuwonekera ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Pansi pa petiole ndi mtundu wosavuta kapena nthambi. Pali magawo, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake (monga masamba) zimatengera mitundu. Mapesi a lenti afupiafupi amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ngati njenjete amtundu wa oyera, ochepa mabuluu kapena abuluu. Chipatso cha Lentil ndi nyemba zokhala ndi chisa chimodzi, chamapiko awiri, chamtali, chomwe chimakonda kubzala mbewuyo ikakula. Mbewu (zidutswa 1-3) zolowa kapena zozungulira. Mtundu wa mbewu ndi mitundu yambiri: chikasu, zobiriwira, pinki, zofiira, imvi, zofiirira, zakuda, mawonekedwe a madontho, mawanga. Muzu wa lentilo ndi waung'ono.

Makina, kapena Lentil chakudya, kapena Lentil cholimidwa (Lens culinaris) - Mtundu wautundu Lentil (Zounikira) Ziphuphu (Fabaceae).

Ma lentilo wamba, kapena mphodza wazakudya, kapena mphodza wokometsera (Lens culinaris). © ChriKo

Zolemba Zachilengedwe Zamalonda

Ma lentel omwe amapangidwa amagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

mphodza woyenga (mafuta) ogwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya,
mphodza zazing'ono zazing'ono, zomwe zimakonda kupita kuzakudya za ziweto, monga zakudya zama protein.

Mosiyana ndi nthito zina, mphodza sizikusintha kutentha. Mbewu zimamera pa +3 - + 4 ° С. Mbande zachangu komanso zachikondi zimawoneka pa tsiku la 6-7th pomwe dothi lawundana ndi 10 cm wosanjikiza mpaka +7 - + 10 ° С. Pamatenthedwe otsika, mbande zimawoneka tsiku la 8-12. Lentil imamera mopirira zisanu mpaka -3 - -5 ° С. Kutentha kolondola pazaka zokulira kumachokera ku +12 - + 21 ° С.

Chifukwa chakukula pang'onopang'ono musanalire, mphodza zimafunikira kutetezedwa nthawi zonse ku namsongole ndikuwonjezera chinyezi.

Maluwa a lentil amayamba patsiku la 40-45. Kuyambira maluwa mpaka kukolola, imaposa miyendo ina pokana chilala komanso kutentha kwambiri. Nyumbayi imalola kuti ma lenile azilimidwa m'malo ovuta.

Ma loni amakula bwino ndikupanga zokolola zochulukirapo pazachuma chachilendo, chosakoka, chopumira: ma chestnut ndi kuwala podzolic, loamy, mchenga komanso chernozems wamba wolemera mu calcium. Ma loreti sangathe kulekerera dothi lolemera (chernozems), lokhala ndi mpweya wochepa, acid, alkali, wokhala ndi madzi ambiri pansi. Pa dothi lolemedwa ndi humus ndi nayitrogeni, amapanga gawo lochulukirapo lazomera. Nyemba zimacha mosasiyanitsa, kulawa ndi kuwonetsa bwino kumatsitsidwa.

Ma loni amapanga mabatani a nayitrogeni pamizu, napangitsa nthaka kukhala ndi nayitrogeni.

Kulima lenti

Kuti ma lenti akule ndi kupereka zokolola ku chisangalalo cha eni, kuyeneranso kukumbukiridwa. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chachitali chachitali, ndipo ngakhale tsiku la maola 9 mpaka 10 silikuwonetsa chitukuko chokhazikika, makamaka kupangidwe ndi kusasinthika kwa mbewu.

Malo a lenile mukutengera kwachikhalidwe

Ngati mundawo udagawika m'mabedi ndipo dongosolo lodzala limalemekezedwa, ndiye kuti mphodza ndizotsogolera bwino mbatata, phwetekere, biringanya, tsabola wokoma, chimanga, kaloti, beets, adyo ndi zina zomwe sizili nyemba. Nawonso malenti safuna kwa omwe anawakhazikitsa, koma mundawo ukhale woyera pa udzu. Ndi bwino kuibwezeretsa pamalo ake oyambira zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, kuti mupewe kuwonongeka komanso kudziunjikira kwa nthaka.

Makina © Victor M. Vicente Selvas

Kukonza nthaka

Monga chotola cha nayitrogeni, mphodza sizingalolere kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, amaikidwa mchikhalidwe chosakwanira kuposa zaka 2-3 mutangoyambitsa manyowa. Ngati m'mbuyomu feteleza yekha amamugwiritsira ntchito pamalowo, ndiye kuti dothi liyenera kupangidwa kuti lichotse acidity yofunikira.

Kuyambira nthawi yophukira, dothi ladzala ndi phosphate (35-40 g / sq. M) ndi potashi (20-30 g / sq. M) feteleza ndipo anakumba mpaka akuya 25-30 cm.

Mu kasupe pamtunda womwe unatha, kuwonjezera pa nyengo yophukira, ndizotheka kuwonjezera 20 g / sq. m wa phosphate ndi potashi feteleza. Ngati dothi limaperekedwa ndi michere, ndiye kuti mu nthawi ya masika simungathe kukumana ndi manyowa.

Kupanga kukonzekera kwa mbewu za lentil

Kutalika kwa nyengo ya kukula kwa mitundu ya lentili ndikuchokera ku miyezi 2 mpaka 2 mpaka 4.0 (masiku 75-115). Kuti mukhale mkati mwa nthawi ya masana, ndibwino kumera nthangala za lentil musanafese, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yamtundu usanaphuke. Magawo atatu a zinthu zotenga chinyezi amakutetezani ndi malo olimba, osungunuka ndi madzi ofunda, kufalitsa mbewu m'mbali yopyapyala, yokutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa komanso kuyikidwa pamalo otentha. 2-3 tsiku, zinyalala ndi nthangala. Ndi misa kilchivaniya mbewu zakonzeka kufesa.

Kubzala lenti

Dothi likangoyamba kutentha masentimita 10 mpaka + 7- + 8 * C, mutha kuyamba kufesa mphodza. Zomera zoyambirira zimapanga zipatso zochuluka komanso zimatha kupirira matenda ndi tizirombo.

Mukabzala, chinyezi cha nthaka ndikofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mu nyengo yopuma, ndibwino kuthirira mizere musanafesere.

Kubzala mbewu za mphodza kumachitika m'njira wamba, ndikusiya mtunda wa 5-8 masentimita ndi pakati pa mizere ya 10-15. Kuya kuya kwa kuyika mbewu kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 5-6. Kuwombera kumawonekera patsiku la 7-12.

Zovala zazilonda

Pa dothi losabereka, mphodza zimadyetsedwa kawiri. Koyamba amadyetsa maluwa asanakhale. Lachiwiri - mukamadzaza nyemba. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza "AVA" pakuvala kwapamwamba, komwe kumakhala mitundu yosungunuka ya phosphorous ndi 9 ya kufufuza, kuphatikizapo boron ndi molybdenum. Kuperewera kwa zinthu zofufuza kumeneku kumayambitsa kufa kwa msambo pachimodzimodzi pachikhalidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikusowa kwa molybdenum, kuthekera kwa mabakiteriya kupangitsa kuti nayitrogeni mlengalenga ndikusintha mu timinofu pamizu, kenako m'mbewu, kumachepa. Musanathenso mphodza, mutha kupanga 200-300 g / pog. m phulusa la nkhuni m'mipata yoyendera bwino feteleza wa AVA atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira masika munthaka m'malo mwa phosphorous-potashi.

Kusamalira Lentil ndi kuthirira

Kusamalira nthawi yakula kumapangitsa nthaka kuti isakhale yopanda udzu. Pakatikati pa maluwa, mphodza kuchokera pa wiki ziyenera kumera udzu, zomwe zimatchinga mbewu zobzala. Kuzisiyanitsa ndikosavuta. Maluwa pa wiki ndi ofiira amdima, ofiira, ndipo ma lentel ndi oyera komanso opepuka.

Thirirani mphodza mpaka maluwa pang'ono koma ngati pangafunike. Munthawi yamaluwa ambiri, chikhalidwecho chimaperekedwa ndi chinyezi chokwanira, koma sichikhala ndi madzi, chifukwa izi zimabweretsa matenda oyamba ndi bakiteriya a mizu ndikupanga nyemba. Pambuyo pake, mphodza sizifunikira kuthirira.

Kuteteza lenti ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Mafelemu nthawi zambiri amawonongeka ndi mafangasi komanso mabakiteriya okhala ndi dothi komanso chinyezi chambiri (ascochitosis, fusarium, dzimbiri, powdery mildew, anthracnose, etc.). Tizilombo - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsabwe za m'masamba, ma sapota a gamma, njenjete zam'madzi, makola a lenti, ndi zina zotere. Njira zazikulu zoteteza ndi kukhazikitsa njira zolondola komanso zofunikira pa nthawi yonse ya kufesa ndi kusamalira mbeu.

Mwa kukonzekera kuchiza mbewu, ndizokonzekera kwachilengedwe zokha zomwe zimaloledwa. Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe monga phytosporin-M, Alirin-B, trichodermin, trichophyt ndi kothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Mlingo ndi nthawi ya mankhwalawa zimasonyezedwa pakupendekera kwa mankhwala. Zachilengedwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo lililonse la chitukuko cha mbewu, mpaka pakukula. Zilibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu ndi nyama.

Kututa ndi kusungiramo mphodza

Nyemba za lenti zimacha nthawi yomweyo. Kusasitsa kumayamba ndi nyemba zapansi. Nyemba zikacha mu 2/3 kuthengo, mutha kuyamba kukolola. Mabasi amazidulira pansi, ndikusiya mizu m'nthaka. Tchire lenti limakololedwa m'mawa kwambiri mame pofuna kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa nyemba. Amamangidwa m'mitolo yaying'ono ndikuyimangirira pansi padenga kuti aume. Pakupita ntsiku zingasi, atoma kupuma.

Mbewu yopunthidwa ya lentili imatsukidwa ndi zinthu zosayera, zouma padzuwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimadzaza magalasi kapena zitsulo ndi kutsekedwa mwamphamvu kuchokera ku chinyezi. Nyemba ndi hygroscopic, kupeza chinyontho mwachangu, kuyamba kuumba ndi kuvunda. Ngati nyemba zasungidwa m'mabokosi a makatoni kapena m'matumba a canvas, ndibwino kuziyika m'chipinda chamdima komanso chouma komanso chotsekemera.