Maranta ndi mbewu yamaluwa ya banja la Marantov, yobadwira kumpoto ndi ku South America, komanso ku West Indies. Maranta adapeza dzina lake polemekeza dotolo wa ku Italy komanso katswiri wazomera wa m'zaka za zana la 16 - Bartolomeo Maranta.
Ma botanists amakono amadziwa kukhalapo kwa mitundu 40-50 ndipo onse ali ndi ma rhizomes komanso mawonekedwe achilengedwe a zotupa zosatha. Maluwa a Maranta kunyumba amaberekanso bwino, amakula ndikupereka maluwa ambiri kwanthawi yayitali.
Mu 1975, chomera cha arrowroot chinakhala chifukwa cha 3% yazomera zotsogola ku Florida, ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi kuchuluka kwa mbewuyi kokha kunakula (kunayamba kubzalidwa m'malo obiriwira).
95% ya arrowroots ndi mitundu iwiri yokha yopangidwa mu nazale kuti idzagwiritse ntchito ngati masamba a masamba - Maranta leuconeura 'Kerchoviana' ndi M. leuconeura 'Erythroneura'. Mitundu yonse iwiriyi ndi nzika za ku Brazil, mitundu yawo siikutupa, ndipo mizu yake siyakukula.
Kufotokozera kwamaphunziro a museroot ndi chithunzi chake
Masamba obisika monga chowulungika, okhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira (womwe, mwakutero, sawasiyira chaka chonse), ali wolumikizika ndi maziko a tsinde. Masamba amagwa masana ndikuwongola madzulo okha - chifukwa chake dzina lapakati la maluwa a arrowroot "chomera cha pemphero". Otsatirawa ndi kufotokozera kwa mmera wopemphera wa arrowroot ndi chithunzi chake m'makona osiyanasiyana.
Maranta ndi chomera chapadziko lapansi chomwe chimamera maluwa molunjika. Nyengo yamvula, mwina nthambuyo imayamba kuwuma kaye, osati masamba (monga zimakhalira nthawi zambiri). Zimayambira ndi nthambi zambiri. Ali ndi masamba oyambira omwe ali ndi nthambi yolimba komanso yayitali ngati ndodo komanso masamba ochepa oyambira (omwe mwina sangakhalepo).
Maluwa a Arrowhead ali ndi timiyala tating'ono titatu ndi tiwiri. Maluwa a Maranta kunyumba amakulitsidwa kuti azikongoletsa, chifukwa chomeracho chimatha kumanga mwachangu zipatso zochulukirapo komanso mwachangu mu nthawi yake yoyambirira.
Arrowroot amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira wowuma bwino. Mitundu ina, monga Maranta leuconeura ndi Maranta arundinacea, imakula ngati duwa lokongoletsera nyumba pamalo otentha. Onani chomera cha Maratantha pachithunzichi, chomwe chikuwonetsa kukongola kwa duwa lanyumba: 
Momwe mungasamalire arrowroot kunyumba
Malo abwino kwambiri pakukula kwa maluwa adzakhala bedi lamchenga kapena zenera lopepuka koma losalunjika. Windo loyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumpoto ndilabwino. Duwa la arrowroot kunyumba limatha kukula bwino m'magulu a mbewu zina zomwe sizimasokoneza kuyatsa kwake kwabwino. Ndikofunikira kuziteteza ku dzuwa lotentha, mpweya wouma ndi zolemba, zomwe zitha kuyipitsa (kuphatikiza mawanga ndikuwotcha pamasamba).
Kutentha kwabwino kwa masamba okhala ndi michere ku arrowroot kunyumba kumasiyana 15 mpaka 28 degrees. M'nyengo yozizira, mpweya wouma ungapangitse mbewuzo zovuta zambiri. Kusamalira arrowroot kunyumba kumatsikira kukonzekera kuthirira kwakanthawi. Apa muyenera kusunga lamulo limodzi losasintha. Kuuma kwa dziko lapansi komanso kukweza kwake sikuyenera kuloledwa. Momwe mungasamalire arrowroot kuti imapatsa maluwa ambiri komanso kutalika. Pali malamulo angapo apadziko lonse lapansi. Choyamba, mutabzala, perekani dothi labwino kwambiri lokwanira mu mphika. Iyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 5. Yachiwiri ndi nthaka yachilengedwe yambiri yachilengedwe. Mu dothi losauka, duwa la arrowroot kunyumba limatambasuka msanga ndipo silimapereka.
Ndikulangizidwa kuti muziika museroot mu nthawi yophukira kapena masika, ngati mungafune, mutha kuwubzala m'madzi mpaka mphukira yatsopano ikakula. Onani mbewu za arrowroot pachithunzithunzi pazomera zosiyanasiyana zakuphuka kwake:
Kubwezeretsa kwa arrowroot kunyumba
Njira yayikulu yofalitsira arrowroot kunyumba ndikudula (masamba 2-3) ndi njira yogawa mizu kumayambiriro kwamasika.
Mutha kubzanso maluwa kuchokera kumbewu - nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kubzala mbewu pamtunda wa madigiri 13-18 ndikuisunga pakulima.
Pakubzala, konzani dothi lonyowa, lomwe limayenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse: mutha kuyika miyala yonyowa mchinyalala. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiume dothi pang'ono. Ndikofunikira kupopera arrowroot.
Ngati mukufuna masamba olimba a mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, ndiye kuti tikulimbikitsani kuti musayiwale za umuna ndi feteleza wamafuta, wothira madzi.
Matenda otheka
Pakakulitsa mivi kunyumba, mbewuyo imatha kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Kulimbana koyenera komanso kwakanthawi ndi iwo kumakupatsani mwayi wokongoletsa nyumba yanu. Mitundu yayikulu ya matenda a arrowroot afotokozedwera pansipa.
Tsamba lathunthu kapena pang'ono
Zizindikiro za kutentha kwathunthu kapena pang'ono pang'ono masamba - masamba amatembenukira bulauni kwathunthu, kapena kumapeto kwake. Iyi ndi gawo losinthika pakati pa tsamba lathanzi komanso lodwala. Kupewa - Pewani mchere wosungunuka kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kuchokera ku superphosphate, chifukwa umapatsa fluorine muyezo wa poizoni.
Chlorosis
Zizindikiro za chlorosis - masamba ang'onoang'ono a arrowroot omwe ali ndi acidity yayikulu komanso kuchuluka kwa magwero a nayitrogeni, omwe ali mu mawonekedwe a nitrate, amatenga kwambiri chlorosis. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa chosowa chitsulo kulowa mch chitsamba. Pewani - gwiritsani ntchito chelate chachitsulo, pH yotsika nthaka ndikugwiritsanso ntchito gwero la nayitrogeni ndi ammonium.
Malo a tsamba la Helminthosplend
Wothandizirana ndi masamba a tsamba la helminthosplend ndiovuta kwa opanga a arrowroot omwe amagwiritsa ntchito duwa lomwe limakhala lanyowa nthawi yayitali. Poyamba, totupa tating'onoting'ono timawoneka tating'onoting'ono kwambiri - timapatsa masamba mawonekedwe okongola. M'malo ovuta kwambiri, gawanitsani foci kuphatikiza ndikupanga madera akuluakulu osakhazikika. Kutenga, kufalikira kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi m'minda yokhala ndi chinyezi chofunikira ndikofunikira. Mitundu yambiri ya arrowroot imatha kugonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kupewera - perekani chinyezi chochepa pamasamba, kuthandiza kuchepetsa kuuma kwa matenda akumera. Izi zitha kuchitika mwakuchotsa kuthilira kapena kuthilira m'mawa, zomwe zimapereka kuyanika masamba mwachangu. Zomera zomwe zimamwetsedwa madzimadzi zimapitilirabe chinyontho usiku wonse, zomwe zimathandiza kumera ndikuwononga zambiri fungal spores.
Muzu mawonekedwe a nematode
Zizindikiro za mizu ya nematode - yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri nthawi zambiri imakhala yowongoka ndi masamba ochepa. Kuyesedwa kwa mizu yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi matendawa kumavumbula mizu yomwe imapereka mawonekedwe ngati mkanda. Momwe mungapewere - kulima moyenera kungathandize pano.
Mitundu ya arrowroot
Pakadali pano, pakukula pakhomo, mitundu iwiri ya arrowroot imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ichi ndi chomera chopemphelera, chomwe chimadziwika pansi pa dzina la botanical Maranata tricolor. Zogulitsa, mitunduyi itha kuperekedwanso pansi pa dzina la arrowroot tricolor. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mitundu ndi mitundu yamaluwa. Mtundu wachiwiri ndi arrowroot wamitundu iwiri, womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi machulukidwe amitundu ndi kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zokongoletsera. Otsatirawa ndi zithunzi za maluwa a arrowroot amitundu mitundu ndi mafotokozedwe achidule a mitundu iliyonse.
Maranta tricolor (chomera)
Maranta tricolor ndi mbewu zamaluwa zamitundumitundu zosiyanasiyana za banja la Marantov, zobadwira nkhalango yamvula ku Brazil. Chomera chosinthika, chachulukacho chimatha kukhala ndi kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwake mpaka masentimita 30. Ogawa nthawi zonse amakhala masamba a sentimita 12 kutalika. Amakhala ndi chizolowezi chogona masana, ndipo amakhala owongoka madzulo komanso usiku - chifukwa chake dzina lodziwika ndi "chomera chopemphera."
Mitundu ya epithet leuconeura imatanthawuza "nkhungu yoyera", kutanthauza masamba.
Mtundu wamagalimoto wozungulira wotchedwa Triroot umadziwika bwino ngati chomera munyumba zofunda, zomwe zimafunikira kutentha kosachepera 15 digiri Celsius. M'madera otentha, itha kudalilidwa ngati chivundikiro pansi m'malo achinyezi.
Zosiyanasiyana Erythroneurachitsamba chamtundu wakuya kwambiri wokhala ndi mitsempha pakati, wotsika komanso yotsatira. Masamba amatha kukhala obiriwira chikasu kapena chikasu chakuda. Maluwa amtunduwu ali ndi utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe. 
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Kerchoviana - Ichi ndiye chomera chomera chomwe chimamera ndikupanga chiphuphu chikakula. Zoyimira payokha zimawoneka kwambiri ngati mpesa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakula m'makoma ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Popeza zimayambira zilibe antennae chifukwa chake sakwera pamtondo. Masamba ali pafupifupi chowulungika, masentimita asanu ndi awiri kutalika, kuphatikiza petioles, ndi main sentimita atatu. Petiole ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa tsamba. Pamwambawo masamba ake amapangika ndipo satin - nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mizere iwiri ndi masamba asanu obiriwira. Ma bus nthawi zina amatulutsa maluwa otchuka, ambiri oyera.
Maranta matoni awiri
Mitundu iwiri ya Arrowroot ndi chomera chosowa kwambiri, chomwe nthawi zina chimapezekabe mu malonda. Tchire lilibe mizu yoboola pakati, koma silikhala ndi zotupa m'mimba. Masamba samasiyana kukula kwake, mawonekedwe awo ndi amtundu wobiriwira wakuda ndi wobiriwira wobiriwira wopindika pakati pakati pa mtsempha wapakati ndi malire. Gawo lamunsi lamasamba limakhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
Maranta Gibba
Maranta gibba ndi mtundu wa mbewu zomwe zimamera ku Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Jalisco, Morelos, Oaxaca, Quintana, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Yucatan), Central America, kumpoto kwa South America (Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname) ndi chilumba cha Trinidad. Kuyambira nthawi zambiri, iwo adakhala ngati ma Antilles ang'ono.
Duwa limakhala ndi masamba ovoid. Maluwa - mawonekedwe a panicle.
Reed Maranta
Reed arrowroot limamera m'malo otentha. Amalimidwa kuti apange wowuma omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku ma rhizomes. Madokotala ena amagwiritsa ntchito maluwa ngati mankhwala ofunikira.
Ichi ndi mbewu yosatha masentimita 60 kutalika kwake ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, oyera ndi zipatso za currant. Ma Rhizomes amakumbidwa mbewuzo zikafika pachaka chimodzi, kapena pamene zimamera kupitirira masentimita 30 m'litali ndi 19 mm mulifupi. Amakhala oyera oyera, osanjidwa komanso ophimbidwa ndi mamba otayirira.
Maranta amalimidwa mmaiko ambiri otentha ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wachilengedwe wa Jamaica, Bahamas, Bermuda, Netherlands Antalya, India, Sri Lanka, China, Mauritius, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Florida, Cambodia, Indonesia ndi Philippines.
