Kulera akalulu kumakopa mwayi wokhala ndi ana, kuthamanga kwambiri komanso zikopa zaubweya wabwino. Mitundu ya akalulu yomwe ilipo lero imagawidwa kukhala nyama, ubweya kapena ubweya komanso kukongoletsa.
Kulemera, akalulu apakhomo atha kukhala:
- chachikulu, kulemera kwa bambo wamkulu kumaposa 6 kg;
- pafupifupi, kulemera kwa nyama zotere kumakhala makamaka pamtunda wa 3 mpaka 6 kg;
- zazing'ono, izi ndi nyama zolemera kuyambira 2 mpaka 3 kg;
- nsomba zam'madzi, zolemera kilogalamu imodzi mpaka ziwiri.
Akalulu amasiyana kutalika ndi mtundu wa chovala, mtundu, kukula komanso kuchuluka kwa akalulu mu zinyalala. Mutatha kuphunzira kufotokozera kwa zoweta za kalulu, zithunzi za oyimira bwino kwambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mutha kudziwa za chisankho chomwe chilipo ndikupeza nyama zabwino mdera lanu.
Pazachuma, nyama za akalulu nthawi zambiri zimadulidwa. Nyama zotere zimamanga msempha wamisempha ndipo, zikaphedwa, zimakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka. Nyama zina zimasiyana modabwitsa.
Kalulu Wamphongo Woyera
Pakati pa akalulu a zimphonazo, mitundu yotchuka kwambiri imachokera ku Germany ndi Belgium, kumene obereketsa akaluluwo adatha kulera nyama zomwe sizimangozunguluka ndi ubweya woyera wokhazokha, komanso zazikulu zokulirapo. Kuswana kwa akalulu The White Giant kwadutsa nthawi yayitali kulowa mdera la Russia ndipo zaka makumi angapo zapitazi adasinthidwa kuti azilimidwa muzovuta kwambiri kuposa Western Europe.
Wachikulire akulemera kwambiri mpaka makilogalamu 7, pamene ziweto sizimangokhala nyama zokha, komanso zikopa zapamwamba kwambiri.
Pambuyo podula mtembo, woweta kalulu amalandila pafupifupi 3-4 makilogalamu a nyama yopanda mafuta. Pakampeni, mtundu uwu wa akalulu umaberekanso bwino. Nthawi zambiri mwa ana pamakhala kalulu 11 mpaka 11 amene amakhala wokonzeka kudya nyama atangobadwa miyezi 2-5 atabadwa.
Kalulu Flandre kapena Belgian Giant
Ngati chimodzi chakale, koma osataya kufunika kwake, mtundu wa akalulu masiku ano ndi wankhanza kapena chimphona cha Belgian. Ngakhale nyamazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lawo lolimba, ndipo mtunduwo ndi meaty, chifukwa cha nyamayi yabwino, akalulu akuluakuluwa nthawi zambiri amasungidwa mnyumbamo kuti akhale mnzake ndi chiweto.
Mbiri ya mtundu wamtchire wojambulidwa chithunzicho uli ndi zaka zopitilira zaka zinayi. Ndipo sungatchule kumene makolo a nyama izi. Koma pazaka zapitazi, ntchito ya obereketsa osadziwika ochokera ku Flanders sinatayike kapena kutayika, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ku Europe, USA ndi Russia. M'mafamu akulu amakono ndi m'minda yamafamu, mizere ingapo ya akuru aku Belgian imakwezedwa.
Aang'ono kwambiri ndi nyama zomwe zimakula mpaka 6 kg, ndipo oimira ophatikizika mozizwitsa amatha kulemera makilogalamu 10-12.
Nyama zobadwa zimatha kukhala ndi mtundu wina, koma chovalacho chimakhala cholimba nthawi zonse, chokhala ndi wandiweyani, chokhala ndi mulu mpaka 30 mm.
Akalulu amasiye
Akalulu akuluakulu ku Belgium anali otchuka komanso odzala ku Europe, koma kumapeto kwa obereketsa XIX ku Germany adatha kuyankhula za kuwonekera kwa akalulu awo akuluakulu. Chifukwa chake mtundu wa akalulu a Riesen adapangidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza "chimphona" potanthauzira.
Izi ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zilipo masiku ano. Kulemera kwake kwamphongo kumatha kufika 12 kg ndi zina, ngakhale sikuti nyama yokha imayamikiridwa, komanso ubweya waufupi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nyama zobadwa nazo zimakhala ndi makutu akulu, miyendo yonse ndi thupi lalikulu. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo, akalulu a Riesen amakhala ocheperako, koma abwino komanso anzeru.
Akalulu amabereka Grey Giant
Akalulu akuluakulu achi Belgian omwe adawonekera ku USSR nkhondo itatha adapereka mizere yatsopano yosankha nyumba. Ziweto zam'deralo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zibereke ana opanda ulemu, olimba komanso ambiri, ndipo mlendo wakunja adawapatsa akalulu kukula ndi kulemera. Zotsatira zake, mtundu wina wa nyama ya akalulu, Grey Giant, adalembetsa. Izi zidachitika mu 1952, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, obereketsa akalulu aku Russia akhala akugwiritsa ntchito zomwe asayansi apeza.
Nyama za mtundu uwu zoyenera kuswana zimakhala ndi thunthu lalitali, miyendo yolimba ndi mutu waukulu. Nthawi zambiri, Kalulu wamkulu amalemera kuyambira 4 mpaka 7 kg.
Mulu sangatchulidwe kuti ndi wandiweyani, motero mtundu uwu wa akalulu sagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza ubweya. Mtundu ndi wa imvi, kumbuyo kumakhala kwakuda kuposa pamimba.
Akalulu aku California
Mitundu yoyesedwa yakale imaphatikizapo akalulu aku California. Opezeka kumwera kwa USA kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi, akuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino ndipo amawombera onse pamakampani ogulitsa komanso m'mafamu ogulitsa anthu. Mtundu wa ubweya wa akalulu unadulidwa chifukwa cha kudutsa kovuta kwa chinchillas, akalulu oyera ochokera ku New Zealand ndi ermine waku Russia. Mtundu watsopano wa akalulu unadziwika osati kokha ndi mtundu wowala bwino wokhala ndi malo osiyana pamakutu, muzzle, miyendo ndi mchira, komanso ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu, fecundity ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Ndi thupi lalifupi komanso mafupa ogwirizana, kulemera kwa kalulu wa ku California kumafikira 4.5-5 kg.
Kalulu wa ku New Zealand
Mbiri ya mtundu wa akalulu oyera ku New Zealand adayamba zaka zoposa zana. Kupeza nyama zoyera zoyera, nthumwi za White Giants ndi nyama za albino zakomweko zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mitunduyo, ngakhale itakhala ndi nyama zochepa zomwe zimakula mpaka 4,5 kg yokha, ikadali yotchuka masiku ano chifukwa cha nyama yopanda mphamvu, kusalemekezeka, kutukuka koyambirira komanso gulu lalikulu la akalulu mu ana. Zizindikiro zoyipa za kalulu woyera ku New Zealand ndi monga: zoyera-ngati chipale, popanda ulusi pang'ono wowoneka, kuluma bwino, matumbo otalika komanso kumbuyo, mkati mwa siliva ndi maso ofiira.
Kalulu Wofiira ku New Zealand
Kuphatikiza pa akalulu oyera ku New Zealand, palinso mitundu yofiira, yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga ubweya ndi nyama. Kulemera kwa nyama zamphamvu, zodyetsedwa bwino mpaka theka la mita kutalika sikupitirira 4.5 makilogalamu, koma kulemera kotsika kwa mtembowo kumalipidwa ndi kuthekera kwakukulu, fecundity ndi kupirira kwa mtunduwo.
Chodabwitsa cha nyama yamtunduwu wa akalulu ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino, womwe umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wofiira wa njerwa mpaka wofiira wambiri.
Ubweya wabwino, ma pawescent, thupi lodziwikiratu - zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti kalulu wofiira ku New Zealand atuluke panja ngakhale m'mikhalidwe yankhanza.
Kalulu gulugufe
Kwa obereketsa kalulu ku Russia, gulugufe wa kalulu wokhala ndi mtundu woyambirira, womwe unapatsa mtunduwo dzina, wakhala wodziwika kwa zaka zoposa mazana awiri. Zinali mdziko lathu kuti nthawi yogwira ntchito yoweta tidatha kuchita bwino. Masiku ano, akalulu samalemera kilogalamu zitatu, koma pafupifupi kawiri kuposa nthawi yomwe akufika kuchokera ku Britain. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizoyenererana ndi nyengo yakwanuko.
Mukayang'ana nkhope ya nyamayo, mutha kuona malo akuda bii, mawonekedwe ake ngati chithaphwi. Mtundu wa kalulu wojambulidwa pachithunzichi dzina lake unadutsa pomwepo. Malo ena, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe andewu, amatha kuwonekera padzikoli, m'mbali mwa njira ndi makutu. Mzere wakuda umayendanso pamsana. Zala ndi mchira wake ndi zopepuka. Malo omwe ali pa gulugufe wa kalulu amatha kukhala mumitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyambira yakuda mpaka zonona.
Kalulu wapa French
Maonekedwe a mtundu wa akalulu amphongo, anthu amayenera kusintha modzidzimutsa, chifukwa makutuwo sanathenso kukhala owongoka komanso opunduka, kupangitsa kuti nyamazo zizioneka ngati anaankhosa. Kusintha maonekedwe kunazindikirika ndikusintha mwa kusankha. Ndipo lero, akalulu opaka-eyred samadziwika osati nyama zanyama zokha, komanso ziweto.
Akuluakulu amasamba amakono a akalulu omwe ali ndi makutu otsegula anali khola la Chingerezi. Zitsanzo zoyambirira za akalulu amphongo achiFalansa adawonetsedwa mkati mwa chaka chatha chaka chatha ku France. Nyama zikuluzikulu zachilendo poyamba ngati chidwi chinafalikira kudziko lakwawo, kenako nkusamukira kumayiko oyandikana nawo. Otsala aku Germany adathandizira kwambiri kuswana, chifukwa kusankhidwa kwazitali kwa nyama zaulimi zabwino, zomwe zimakula mwachangu. Kulemera kwamphongo kwamphongo wamkulu kumaposa ma kilogalamu asanu, ndipo zazikazi zimangopepuka pang'ono.
Kuphatikiza pa kulimbitsa thupi modabwitsa komanso kunenepa kwambiri, akalulu opaka-eyred amawonetsa ubweya wapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo utoto wamtunduwo ndi wokwanira, zomwe zimangokulitsa chidwi cha mtundu wa nkhosa, ndipo akalulu a lop-eared amatha kuwoneka pamafamu ochulukirachulukira.
Mbali yokhayo yomwe iyenera kudziwidwa ndi eni nyama zachilendo zotere ndi zoyipa zomwe zingasinthe pamsana wa akalulu. Mtundu womwewo, womwe umapangitsa kuti makutu agoneke, umapangitsa kuti minyewa yolumikizira mafupa ikhale yolimba. Zotsatira zake, zazikazi, zikafika chaka chimodzi, sizimatha kubereka; mwa nyama zokulirapo, zovuta zolumikizana ndizotheka.
Kalulu wa Angora
Kuphatikiza pa kuweta nyama za akalulu, nyama zokhala ndi ubweya wakuda, wautali kapena waufupi, wowotchera pansi kapena zikopa, ndizodziwika. Akalulu a Angora ali pansi. Nyamazo zimakhala ndi mulu wowonda kwambiri kuyambira 15 mpaka 25 cm, ndipo kutalika koteroko kumasungidwa pafupifupi thupi lonse, kotero kuti tsitsi lalitali limakhala pakati pa zala pazenera, pamakhala maburashi pamakutu akulu a kalulu. Colouring a akalulu amathanso kukhala osiyana. Chifukwa cha uchi wambiri, nyamayi imawoneka yayikulupo, Kalulu wa ku Angora samakonda kulemera kuposa 3,5 kg, pomwe amakula kale m'miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ya moyo.
Chidziwitso choyambirira cha kubereka kosazolowereka chinafika kwa azungu kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Kwawo kwa nyama za tsitsi lalitali Turkey, kuchokera komwe akalulu achilendo adayamba kubwera ku Old World, kenako ku America. Ngati akalulu a Angora omwe adawonetsedwa chithunzichi anali wamba petali, lero fluff wawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kupanga ulusi wofunda, nsalu kuchokera pamenepo ndi zovala zopangidwa okonzeka.
White pansi kalulu
Mtundu wina wa akalulu unabadwa ku USSR mkatikati mwa zaka zana zapitazi. Chifukwa cha kuwoloka kwa French Angora ndi nyama zakomweko, mtundu wa White Downy unawonekera. Akalulu amtunduwu amapangidwira nyama, ndikupeza ubweya wopepuka.
Masiku ano, kuweta kubereka kumapitilizabe, ndipo kwa oweta kalulu panali nyama osati za mtundu wokha, komanso zamtambo, zakuda, zouma. Nyamazo zinkakhala zopirira kwambiri, zosinthidwa kuti zikule kunja, ndipo kulemera kwake kunakula mpaka 4 kg. Ngati m'mbuyomu mulu wa ana a Angora anali woopsa kwambiri ndipo unagwa mosavuta, kutaya mtundu, ndiye kuti mu nyama zamakono ubweya umakhala wokulirapo ndipo kwenikweni sukusintha maonekedwe ake mulimonse.
Kalulu rex
Kalulu wakale wa Germany Rex amaoneka bwino ndi ubweya wake wamfupi kwambiri, womwe umatipatsa chithunzi cha ubweya wankhokwe kapena wokueta. Ku USSR, mbiri ya mtunduwu idayamba pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo. Akalulu Rex, ngakhale anali oletsedwa ndi boma la Germany, adatengedwa mobisa, adaleredwa ndikubereka kale ku USSR.
Akalulu, otchuka ndi ubweya wawo wofewa, amapereka nyama yabwino kwambiri. Wachikulire amakula mpaka 4-5 kg. Ndi mafupa ochepa opepuka, zipatso za nyama yochepa yamafuta ndizofunikira.
Zoweta za akalulu a Rex zimaphatikizapo torso lalikulu lalitali, makutu ozungulira owongoka, ndi masharubu afupi, ogwada. Masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri komanso yowoneka bwino yomwe imasiyanitsa zikopa za ubweya zomwe zimachokera ku akalulu.
Kalulu a Chinchilla
Mtundu wa akalulu aku Chinchilla omwe adawonetsedwa m'chithunzichi adatchedwa dzina lanyama pang'ono ndi ubweya wofewa modabwitsa wautoto woyambayo. Chifukwa chosankhidwa mu akalulu apakhomo, zinali zotheka kubwereza mawonekedwe a ubweya uwu, ndikupeza mulu wowoneka wonyezimira wa siliva wokhala ndi maziko amdima, wowala, wokhala ngati mzere pakati pa tsitsi kapena nsonga yakuda.
Kalulu obereketsa Soviet chinchilla omwe amapezeka ku USSR m'zaka zapitazi adalandira ubweya wofunika kuchokera kwa makolo a magazi aku France, koma adakhala wolemera, wosalemekeza komanso wambiri.
Kaluluyo amabweretsa mpaka akalulu 8, pomwe chinyama chachikulu chimalemera mpaka 5 kg. Izi ndi nyama zazikulu zamphamvu zathanzi komanso zowonda.
Akalulu okongoletsa
M'zaka zaposachedwa, akalulu okongoletsera akuyamba kutchuka, osiyana ndi omwe amapatsidwa nyama ndi ubweya, ang'ono, ochezeka komanso kutsindika maonekedwe okongola. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, nyama zambiri, mawonekedwe "onyansa" okhudza mtima ndi mawonekedwe a thupilo la kalulu amakhalabe moyo wonse.
Akalulu akunyumba amagawidwa mwakuthupi ndi kutalika kwa chovalacho, kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake. Masiku ano muzipinda zam'mizinda mungapeze nyama zazikulu zonse, mwachitsanzo, kalulu wopaka-wa-e-Baran kapena woimira mtundu wa Angora, ndi nyama zazing'ono kapena zazing'ono.
Akalulu amadyera amabwera kudziko lathu kuchokera ku Belgium, chifukwa cha machitidwe achinyengo amayenera dzina la mitu yamkango. Mulu wofewa wamtunduwu umapezeka pa scruff, korona, chifuwa ndi masaya, komanso nthawi zina pamiyendo yakumbuyo, ndikupanga "mathalauza" opepuka. Nyamazo zimakhala ndi thupi lowonda, lolemera osaposa 1.7 makilogalamu ndipo ndiloyenereradi mawonekedwe amkati.
Akalulu a Dwarf Rex amasiyana ndi abale akulu okha kukula komanso kulemera. Nyama zazing'onoting'ono zimakutidwa ndi ubweya wamfupi, waulemu wopindika komanso wopanda kulemera kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka. Kunyumba, akalulu okongoletsera amakhala ozolowereka, anzeru komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino. Akalulu a Radf Rex amatha kukhala owoneka bwino kapena otentha.
Maonekedwe osazolowereka a akalulu amphongo amphongo ndi chifukwa chodziwika kwambiri pakati paokonda ziweto. Nyamazo zimasunga mawonekedwe ake oyambira m'makutu awo ndikugogoda pansi mafupa, koma nthawi yomweyo ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa oyimira wamba a French ram ram. Akalulu okongola kwambiri amakhala odekha, osapitilira 30 cm kutalika ndi kulemera pafupifupi 1.5 kg. Mwa makanda, akalulu amakhala ndi makutu owongoka, koma amayamba kusintha mawonekedwe pakangotha milungu ingapo. Mwa mitundu ya kalulu wocheperako: chinchilla, yoyera ndi maso amtambo kapena ofiira, abuluu, owala.
