Bzalani ngati butia (Butia) ndizogwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la kanjedza (Arecaceae). Mtunduwu, pali mitundu 20 ya kanjedza. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, amatha kukumana ku Brazil, Uruguay, South America, Paraguay, komanso ku Argentina. Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi zofanana, monga, masamba ake ali ndi nthenga. Komabe, mitundu yotere imatha kukhala ndi kutalika kosiyana. Chifukwa chake, mutha kukumana ndi zimphona, zomwe zimafikira kutalika kwa 10 metres, ndipo zimakhala zazitali masentimita 40.
Mtundu wofala kwambiri pakati pa alimi a kanjedza ndi butia capitate (Butia capitata). Malo omwe mbewuyi idabadwira ndi South America. Mwachilengedwe, kutalika kwa thunthu lake kumatha kufika mita 6 ndi mainchesi theka la mita. Mtunduwu umonekera pakati pa enawo kuti ukhale pamutu, pamunsi pake, pomwe unkatchedwa dzina la mbewu - kutengera butia.
Mtunduwu umakhala ndi masamba okongoletsedwa, owoneka bwino, osakhazikika omwe amatha kutalika kwa 2 mpaka 4 metres. Kuphatikiza apo, tsamba lililonse lili ndi masamba 70 mpaka 100 a xiphoid lobes yopapatiza okhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 75. Ndipo zidutswazidazi zimapezeka kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake motalikirana kwambiri kuposa momwe zinaliri. Mbali yakumbuyo yamasamba idapakidwa utoto wonyezimira bwino, ndipo mkati mwake ndimtundu womwewo, koma ndizowombera. Petioles masamba achinyamata yokutidwa ndi wandiweyani, ndipo akuluakulu - spikes yaying'ono.
Pomwe zimakula, masamba am'munsi amafa ndikugwa, ndipo m'malo mwake muli chitsa chochepa kuchokera kwa petioles. Izi zimapanga mawonekedwe achilendo a thunthu. Pakapita kanthawi, stumps nawonso amagwa, ndipo komwe adalumikizidwa, pali mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zipsera. Chifukwa chake, pang'onopang'ono gawo lamunsi la thunthu limayeretsedwa.
Mtengo wa kanjedza umayamba kuphukira kumapeto kwa nyengo yachilimwe. Kuchita mantha kwa chowoneka ngati mawonekedwe otayirira kumakula kuchokera pachimake cha tsamba lapamwamba. Kutalika kwake, inflorescence imatha kufika mamita 1.4, ndipo pamtunduwo pamakhala maluwa ambiri ofiira. Zipatso zooneka ngati zonunkhira zakupsa masabata omaliza a Seputembala, woyamba - mu Okutobala. Zipatso izi zimatheka. Amadyedwa zonse zosaphika ndipo amapangira zakumwa ndi mafuta. Chifukwa choti zipatsozi zimatulutsa zakudya zabwino, mbewu yotereyi imatchedwanso "kanjedza".
Palm butia amasamalira kunyumba
Chomerachi chili ndi kukula kooneka bwino, motero, chidzafunika malo ambiri. Ayenera kumuika m'chipinda chotseguka bwino, chomasuka. Kuti mtengo wa kanjedza uzikula ndikukula bwino, ndikofunikira kudziwa malamulo angapo osamalira.
Kupepuka
Chomera sikuti chimafuna kupepuka. Chifukwa chake, limakula bwino m mderalo komanso pamalo owoneka bwino. Pamalo owala bwino pafupi ndi butia, pamakhala korona wowoneka bwino, wofanana ndi mpira waukulu, pomwe masamba ake amakhala ndi mtundu. Pakakulidwa mumthunzi wochepa pang'ono, masamba azikhala amtali komanso osanjika, ndipo chifukwa chake amakhala amtundu wobiriwira. Ngati pali kuwala kochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti kukula kumatha kuchepa.
Mitundu yotentha
M'chilimwe, mmera umatha kutentha kwambiri. Komabe, ngati panthawiyi sizingatheke kupita ndi msewu, muyenera kukonzekera mpweya mchipindacho kuti mpweya usasunthe.
Nthawi yopumula ya kanjedza imawonedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yachisanu. Munthawi imeneyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzanso mbewuyo pamalo abwino ozizira kuchokera madigiri 10 mpaka 15.
Momwe mungamwere
M'nyengo yotentha, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika komanso kachulukiridwe, makamaka ngati kanjedza kali pamalo otentha. Onetsetsani kuti palibe stagnates amadzimadzi mumphika. Kuchulukitsa nthaka kungavulitsenso mbewuyo, chifukwa nsonga zouma zamasamba, chifukwa chake, sizichira pakapita nthawi.
M'nyengo yozizira, pakakhala nthawi yovunda, butia iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, pokhapokha gawo lapansi litawuma ndi 1/3.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Ngakhale mtengo wa kanjedza umafunika chinyezi chochepa, ukakula m'nyumba, nsonga za masamba zimatha kuyamba kuuma. Kuti mupewe izi, ndikofunikira kumunyowetsa chomera nthawi zonse ndi madzi ofunda. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndizipukusa m'mawa ndi madzulo, pomwe mphezi za dzuwa sizikugwa masamba.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Nthaka yoyenera iyenera kukhala yabwino kwa madzi ndi mpweya, kukhala acidic pang'ono (pH 5.0-6.0), ndikudzazidwa ndi michere. Pobzala, nthaka yabwino yazipatso ndizoyenera. Kusakaniza kwa nthaka kungapangike popanda kudziyimira palimodzi kuphatikiza pepala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komanso mchenga wowuma pamiyeso ya 3: 3: 1. Musaiwale kupanga dothi labwino pansi, zomwe zingathandize kuti madzi asasokonekere gawo lapansi.
Feteleza
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi yanthawi yakukula kwambiri nthawi 1 m'masabata awiri. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wapadera wa mitengo ya kanjedza kapena feteleza wovuta pokongoletsa ndi mitengo yabwino kwambiri.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Chomera sichitha kuokerana, ngati kuli kofunikira, pafupifupi nthawi imodzi m'zaka 4, popeza kanjedza limachita izi. Thirani ndikuchitika mchaka. Kamodzi pachaka, malo apamwamba ayenera kusinthidwa. Dothi lakale liyenera kuchotsedwa mpaka mainchesi 5.
Kudulira
Zomera sizidulidwa.
Njira zolerera
Mutha kufalitsa ndi mbewu zomwe zimamera pang'ono. Kuyambira nthawi yofesa ndikuwoneka mbande yoyamba, itha kutenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka itatu.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zala, ma spider nthata kapena matchubu amatha kukhazikika pamtengowo. Ngati tizirombo tapezeka, ndikofunikira kuchita ndi mankhwala oyenera.
Ichi ndi chomera chopanda chidwi ndipo chimatha kudwala chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, butia imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chinyezi chochepa kwambiri, kuthirira kosayenera, kuwala kosakwanira komanso kusakhalapo kwa nthawi yopumira ndikuyenda malo abwino. Pankhani imeneyi, musanayambe kulima mitengo ya kanjedza, muyenera kuganizira mozama ngati mungathe kuisamalira.
