Munda wamphesa wobiriwira ndiwo kunyadira kwa wolima m'munda aliyense. Koma kuti musangalale ndi zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso muzaka, muyenera kusamalira mtengowo moyenera. Pokhapokha ngati izi zakwaniritsidwa, mungakhale ndi magulu olemera. Chimodzi mwazosamalidwa ndi kudulira kwa mphesa nthawi yayitali. Ntchitoyi imawoneka yovuta komanso yovuta kwambiri kwa woyamba kumene. Komabe, kulondola kwa njira zomwe zatengedwa, magawo omwe adatsatiridwa ndikutsatira malangizowo kudzakuthandizani kukonza thanzi komanso kukopa kwa mbewuyo nyengo yatsopano.
Nthawi yanji yazaka ndibwino kudulira mphesa
Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka ndikudula mphukira ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwake - mbewuyo sivutika, mawonekedwe olondola amasungidwa, chitukuko choyenera chimatsimikizika
Pali malingaliro awiri otsutsana. Omwe alimi ena amakhala ndi chidwi chokhulupirira kuti mphesa zimayenera kudulidwa kokha m'dzinja. Ena, mmalo mwake, amawona kuti ndizoyenera kuchita njirayi kumapeto.
Gome: Ubwino ndi Kulipira kwa Autumn Kudulira
| Ubwino | Chidwi |
| Imathandizira kukonzekera bwino mphesa kuzizira | Kusasunga nthawi yolondola kungayambitse kusweka kwa mpesa |
| Zimasintha zipatso mu nyengo yotsatira | Ndondomeko yake ndikuwonongeranso nthawi, kuphatikiza chisanu ndi kutentha pang'ono |
| Kuchulukitsa kukana kwa mbewu ku kutentha kwa subzero |
Gome: zabwino ndi zovuta za ntchito yamasika
| Ubwino | Chidwi |
| Ndizoyenera zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yozizira yozizira. | Chida chakuthwa cholakwika chimapanga mabala osaya, omwe aphwanya mawonekedwe a mpesa, ndikupangitsa kuti ziwonongeke |
| Akumvera kuyamwa kutuluka | Ngati msuzi womwe ukuyenderera unganyowetse impso ndi maso a mphesa, mutha kuyiwala za zokolola |
| Zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muthe kumera zipatso zambiri munthawi yake | Kupanga korona osavomerezeka kumabweretsa kuti m'chilimwe tchire liyesa kukulira mphukira, ndipo zipatso sizikhala zolimba |
Onetsetsani kuti makulidwe a nthambi ndi ofanana - mawonekedwewa amayika mawonekedwe a mpesa
Zida zofunika komanso zida
Kuti muchite kudulira koyenera, muyenera:
- Maseketi otetezedwa bwino kapena ma shears apaderadera. Ndikofunika kuti masamba ndizowonda kwambiri, ndikupatsani mwayi wobzala mphukira panthawi. Kupanda kutero, lumo lidzang'amba mpesawo ndipo zimayambira, motero zimayipitsa mbewu, yomwe ingayambitse kuwonongeka ndi kufa.
- Magolovu, mitundu yambiri ya mphesa imakhala ndi zokula bwino.
- Ndodo zapadera ndi zingwe zopangira tchire. Nthambi zopatukira kumbali zitha kukhazikitsidwa musanalowe m'malo.
- Kanema wapulasitiki, nthambi za fir spruce kapena zinthu zina zophimba, zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka mpesawo ndikudulira komanso kugwada pansi.
Mukamawononga nthawi yanji
Osachotsa mpesa nthawi yayitali, mwina zipatso zake zimakhala zouma
Kudulira kwa mphesa kumachitika pokhapokha ngati zipatso zoyambirira ndi kutentha kochepa zikayamba. Komabe, simuyenera kuthamangira m'mundamo, muli ndi zida zofunikira kuti kutentha kusathere pokhapokha tsiku limodzi. Yembekezani mpaka nyengo itakhazikika, kenako.
Gome: Madeti a kudula kwa nthawi yophukira mwa dera - chinyengo cha pepala poyambira
| Dera | Kodi adzadulira liti |
| Central Russia | Pakati pa Russia ndi dera la Volga, zipatso zoyambirira zimapezeka kumapeto kwa Okutobala - Novembala koyambirira. Pakadali pano, nyengo ndiyakukhazikika, ndipo kutentha kumatentha kwa +5 mpaka -5 ° C. Ino ndi nthawi yabwino kuyamba kukonzekera kutsatiridwa ndi pogona |
| Dera la Moscow ndi Moscow | Ku Moscow ndi m'chigawo cha Moscow, kutentha kumakhazikitsidwa ndi kumapeto kwa Novembro. Pakadali pano, mutha kuyamba njirayi. |
| Saint Petersburg ndi Dera la Leningrad | Ku St. Petersburg ndi dera la Leningrad, kutentha kwa subzero kumachitika pang'ono koyambirira, kotero mutha kuyamba kudulira mphesa mu theka loyamba la Okutobala |
| Ural | Ku Urals, kudulira kumayambanso mu theka loyambirira la Okutobala |
| Kumpoto kwa Russia | Madera akumpoto kwa Russian Federation amamva kuzizira kwa nthawi yophukira-yozizira kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Ino nthawi ndi yoyenera kukonzanso ndikutsatira pogona |
Musanapite kumunda, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi zida zamtsogolo sabata yamawa. Nyengo imasinthasintha, motero nthawiyo imasiyanasiyana.
Mabasi azaka zapakati pazomwe ayenera kudula
Pali malamulo awa otengera kudulira mphesa zamibadwo yosiyana:
- Chaka chimodzi. Ndikulakwitsa kulingalira kuti mphesa zapachaka siziyenera kudulidwa. Ngati zinthu zonse nthawi yobzala idakumana bwino, mchaka choyamba cha moyo mudzalandira mphukira zingapo zolimba. Ngati pali zopitilira 5 kapena 6, ndikofunikira kuchita njira yokonzera. Ngati mphukira ndi 4 kapena zochepa, ndiye kuti chitsamba cha mphesa chimaperekedwanso chaka china kuti chikule mphukira zochulukirapo.
- Mwana wazaka ziwiri amafunidwa kuti ayang'anire mphukira zomwe zimawoneka. Njirayi imakuthandizaninso kukonzekera zitsamba za mphesa kumpoto kwa dzikolo kuti muchilize bwino nyengo yachisanu.
- Minda yamphesa wazaka zitatu ndi okulirapo iyenera kudulidwa chaka chilichonse. Izi zimapangidwa kuti zipange korona moyenera, komanso kuwonjezera zipatso pamalowo.
Ngati mungakhale lamulo kukhazikitsa njira imeneyi kamodzi pachaka, panthawiyo, mbewuyo idzakusangalatsani ndi nyengo yabwino yokolola iliyonse.
Kudula mphesa mu yophukira kwa oyamba (ndi zithunzi ndi zithunzi)
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa aluso amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo podulira kutengera msika wa mundawo.
Gawo liyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi kayendedwe ka timadziti
Wamng'ono
Kuti mudulira mitengo ya mphesa zazing'ono ibweretse zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kutsogozedwa ndi dongosolo ili pansipa:
- Ndikofunikira kuchotsa kokha nthambi zosafunikira.
- Mutha kudula chilichonse motsatizana, chifukwa changu chotere chimatha kubala zipatso.
- Pakudulira, mumangofunika chida chakuthwa bwino kuti chisaononge mbewu.
- Ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito mosasuntha komanso molondola. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kuyeserera mphukira za mbewu zina.
- Pambuyo pokonza, muyenera kupanga chithandizireni chitsamba.
- Ngati pali inflorescence omwe adapanga chilimwe, ayenera kuchotsedwa.
- Ngati mbewuyo ilibe inflorescence, ndiye kuti njirayi imachitika m'njira zonse.
Zosankha ziwiri zodulira mphesa kuyambira chaka choyamba
Kuchepetsa kumachitika m'magawo awiri:
- Pa gawo loyamba, masamba onse owuma ndi inflorescence amachotsedwa. Kenako amayembekeza mpaka tsamba lokwanira lidagwa ndipo michere yonse idasiya mpesa uja. Nthawi imeneyi, dulani mphukira zamphamvu kwambiri. Kapangidwe kamaloza.
- Dulani kuwombera kwachiwiri kulikonse. Amawasiya impso zitatu. Ngati mphukira zina zikasiya thunthu, ndiye kuti amazidula, kusiya masamba 5-6.
Kapangidwe ka mfundo yotsogola ndi mphukira wotsika kwambiri womwe umamera kuchokera kunja kwa mpesa, wodulidwa kuti maso atatu akhalebe. Peepe ndi impso zambiri, zimawoneka ngati zikuyanjanitsa pakokha.
Tchire liyenera kuwonda pafupifupi kawiri.
M'chaka choyamba ndikofunikira kusiya mphukira za 1-2 ndi maso angapo, chaka chamawa pa mpesa payenera kukhala mphukira zingapo zingapo
Chakale
Kudulira mphesa zakale kumachitika m'njira zingapo:
- Chotsani nthambi zonse zouma.
- Chotsani masamba onse ndi inflorescence.
- Onetsetsani kuti mwachotsa dothi la mphukira m'malo omwe chitsamba chimakula ndikuwumbika. Chithandizo choterocho ndikofunikira ngati chomera chikukonzekera kuphimba.
- Sankhani njira yopangira chitsamba. Kuti mumange nthambi zachikale, mufunikira njira yolimbira.
- Chotsani mipesa yonse yosafunikira yomwe siyikugwirizana ndi kuumbako. Ngati nthambi iliyonse ikusowa kuumba kuti mupange chithunzi chabwino, mutha kumaliza ntchitoyi chaka chamawa.
- Chotsani mipesa yonse yomwe ili pansi kuti mupewe kuwola.
Pakadali pano, mphesa zakale zimayikidwa pansi ndikufundidwa.
Mukadulira, mpaka 70-90% ya mpesa imatha kuchotsedwa.
Njira ina yodulira mphesa zakale imatsata magawo otsatirawa:
- Chotsani mitengo ikuluikulu kuti mukhale impso zitatu.
- Chepetsa thunthu lirilonse ngati muli ndi 4-6, ndipo chitatu chilichonse ngati chachepera 5.
- Chotsani mphukira iliyonse yachiwiri mpaka masamba 5, omwe amakula pachitsamba kapena pafupi. Izi zimachitika mosamala, kutsatira malamulo onse.
- Ngati mpesawo wadulidwa kwambiri kapena mulibe chiwerengero choyenera cha masamba, chimachotsedwa kwathunthu pansi pa muzu.
- Ngati thunthu lomwe lili ndi mbewu lawola, limadzula limodzi ndi mizu.
- Mphesa zodulidwa zimagawidwa pamodzi ndi mawaya othandizira.
- Ngati pali tsango la mipesa, chotsani mphindi iliyonse mpaka impso zitatu.
- Kenako, mpesawo unaweramitsidwa pansi, kenako pogona.
Kanema: Kudulira mphesa m'dzinja
Momwe mungatsimikizire chisamaliro choyenera mukatha ntchito
Mpesa suyenera kukhudzana ndi nthaka, chifukwa nkhungu imatha kuwonekera chifukwa cha chinyontho, chifukwa chake matabwa a mitengo amayikidwa pansi pake.
Mukadulira mphesa muyenera kuvala pamwamba komanso kuthirira.
Kutsirira koteroko kumatchedwa kuti chanyontho-kulipiritsa, chifukwa zithandizira mbewu kuti ipumule ikatha. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwanjira ziwiri za kakhazikitsidwe ka zakudya:
- 20 g ya superphosphate 10 g ya potaziyamu;
- 3 g wa boric acid, 2 g ya sulfuric acid ndi 1 g wa ayodini.
Ndikofunikira kuthirira ndi yankho mita iliyonse kumene munda wamphesa uli. Mavalidwe apamwamba amayenera kutsagana ndi kuthirira yambiri. Musaope kuthira mphesa.
Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuteteza mpesa kwa tizirombo. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana chomera ndikuwunika mphesa ndi zida zapadera. Odziwika kwambiri ndi Stron, Ovixel, Strobe, Impacton, Vectra. Pazolinga zopewera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Fundazole.
Gawo lotsatira ndikutchingira mphesa. Kuti muchite izi, imagwada pansi, ngati ndifunika, yolemedwa mothandizidwa ndi katundu. Pogona, polyethylene imagwiritsidwa ntchito, chilichonse chofunda chopumira.
Mphesa zokhazikika zimabweretsa zotsatira zabwino nyengo yotsatira. Koma pokhapokha njira yokonza idachitika motsatira malamulo onse.
