Rod Kordilina (Cordylineimakhala ndi mitundu 25 ya mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse, malinga ndi gulu lamakono, ndi ya banja la Asparagus (Asparagaceae) Cordilins ndiofala m'madera otentha ndi Asia, Australia, Africa ndi Brazil (mtundu umodzi).
Cordilina apical (Cordyline terminalis), kapena Cordilina shrub (Cordyline fruticosa). © MokkieCordilina adalandira dzina kuchokera ku liwu lachi Greek loti kordyle - mfundo, nodule. Ikukumbukira mizu yanyama, yotupa yomwe imadziwika ndi zambiri mwa mbewu zambiri za gululi.
Mitundu ya Cordilin imayimiridwa ndi mitengo, zitsamba ndi zitsamba. Zomera zokhala ndi michere yambiri; Mizu yake ndi yoyera (m'gawo). Masamba a cordilins ndiwotali, lanceolate, xiphoid, amapanga korona wakuda ndi wandiweyani. Inflorescence ndi mantha. Maluwa ndi oyera, lilac, ofiira; Ma ovary atatu-ovary (mbewu 6-15 pachisa chilichonse).
Mitundu ina ya cordilin nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi ma dracenes. Mosiyana ndi ma dracaenas, ma colilins amapatsa ana mizu, komanso mizu yodulidwa mu colilins, ndi yoyera, ndipo mu dracaenes, amakhala achikasu a lalanje.
Cordilina amasamalira kunyumba
Cordilins amalimidwa muzipinda zozizira komanso zotentha (kutengera mitundu). Malo osiyana nyengo amatengera malo apadera kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana isungidwe. Kunyumba, chomeracho chimapangidwa kukhala mtengo wawung'ono wokhala ndi thunthu lopyapyala mpaka 1.5m pakapita nthawi, masamba otsika amafa, thunthu limawululidwa ndikuwoneka ngati mtengo wa kanjedza. Chipinda chimadzala masamba ake okongoletsera. Mitundu ina ya cordilin, mwachitsanzo, Southern cordillin, imamera m'mitengo yayitali, malo omwe amangopezeka malo osungirako ozizira kapena malo obiriwira akuluakulu obiriwira.
Kuwala kwa Cordilina
Cordilina amakonda malo owala, osakhalitsa pang'ono, samaloleza dzuwa mwachindunji. Ambiri amaganiza kuti cacilina, ngati dracaena, mtengo wokonda mthunzi, koma m'malo amdima umasiyiratu kukula ndikukula. Kukula bwino ndikukula kumafunikira kuunika kwambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imafuna kuyatsa kwambiri kuposa mitundu yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Ngati m'nyengo yotentha mukakhala kuwala kokwanira, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira, zingwe ziyenera kukonzedwanso pafupi ndi zenera, chifukwa nthawi yachisanu nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuwala kokwanira.
Cordyline glaucaKuthirira cordilina
Ndiwambiri chilimwe, nyengo yozizira, koma zonsezi polingalira kutentha kwa chipinda. Cordilina salekerera kusasunthika kwa madzi mumphika, apo ayi mbewu zimatsika masamba. Komanso salola kuyanika kutulutsa matope. Cordilins ndi oyenera kulimidwa ndi hydroponic; ndi yabwino kuthirira osachokera kumwamba, koma kudzera pallet.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Cordilins amafunika kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa masamba. Pomwe mbewuyo ili yaying'ono, itha kuyikidwa pa thireyi ndi madzi. Nthawi ndi nthawi perekani mbewu kuti isambe fumbi kuti izitsuka ndi kuchotsa mbewuyo. Malangizo owuma a tsamba loyera nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku cililina akamasungidwa nthawi yozizira mzipinda ndi kutentha kwapakati.
Kubereka kwa cordilina
Chomera chimafalikira ndikudula, kugawa ma rhizomes, mbewu. Mukadula pamwamba pa chingalacho, chitha kuthiridwa mumtsuko wamadzi, ndikuwonjezera zidutswa zingapo zamakala.
Thirani
Cordilin amazidulira mchaka chimodzi chilichonse mpaka zaka zitatu. Dothi la cordilina ndi chisakanizo cha dothi lolemera komanso lamasamba, manyowa owola kapena malo otentha, osakhazikika ndi mchenga.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Munthawi ya kukula, kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti, milungu iwiri iliyonse, ma colilin amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera wazomera zam'mimba. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "Utawaleza", "Zabwino", "Giant", ndi zina zambiri.
Cordilina kumwera (Cordyline australis). © toptopiaryMwatsatanetsatane za kulima kwa cordilina
Kutentha kwa Cordilin m'chilimwe ndi pakati pa 20-25 ° C. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira, pamtundu wamtundu wa cordilin, kutentha kumachepera pang'onopang'ono; nthawi yozizira imasungidwa bwino (kuyambira 5 mpaka 10 ° C). M'nyengo yozizira, cordilins okonda kutentha amasungidwa pa kutentha osaposa 18 ° C.
Zomera sizimakonda zojambula.
Cordillins amathiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse, nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, yambiri, yokhala ndi madzi ofewa, otetezedwa, pomwe mbali yapamwamba ya gawo lapansi imawuma, kuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono nthawi yozizira, kupewa kupewetsa kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika kwa matope. Cordillins amathiriridwa madzi mosamala kwambiri ndi nyengo yozizira.
Tracililin otentha amafunikira chinyezi chambiri kuposa subtropical. Ayenera kuthiridwa nthawi zonse mchilimwe ndi madzi ofewa, okhala. M'nyengo yozizira, musasunge chomangira pafupi ndi magetsi.
Kuthirira komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika mosamala kuti madzi asawononge tsinde.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa cacilina mchaka ndi chilimwe kamodzi pakatha milungu iwiri ndi feteleza wosavuta wazomera zodziwika bwino. M'nyengo yozizira, samadyetsa nthawi yopitilira 1 pamwezi.
Zomera zing'onozing'ono zimabzulidwa pachaka, kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zimatulutsa zokongola zazikuluzikulu. Wochulukitsa amapangidwa mchaka. Cordilin amawasokosera ngati mizu yadzaza buku lonse la poto. Dothi louzika ndi manyowa, pang'ono acid (pH pafupifupi 6), limatha kukhala ndi magawo atatu a dothi la m'munda, gawo limodzi la peat ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga.
Mukamaika cordilina, mutha kuwonjezera zidutswa zamatabwa (birch) malasha ndi tchipisi tating'onoting'ono tosakaniza ndi mchenga. Pa ndowa - atatu a malasha ndi 0,5 malita a tini tchipisi. Zidutswa za malasha zimalepheretsa kukula kwa njira zowola, ndipo njerwa zosalimba zimachulukitsa kumasula kwa dothi ndikupanga chinyezi chambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa ma dracaenes samalekerera madzi owonjezera komanso osasunthika.
Mtengowo ndi woyenera kulimidwa ndi hydroponic.
Cordillins pachimake nthawi zambiri m'malo mchipinda.
Cordilina undivided (Cordyline indivisa). © henike52Kubereka kwa cordilina
Cordylin imafalitsidwa ndi njere, zodula, magawo, komanso kugawa kwa nthangala.
Kubwezeretsanso mbewu za cordilina
Mbewu zofesedwa kumayambiriro kasupe mu chisakanizo cha magawo ofanana a kuwala ndi mchenga. Mphukira zoyambirira zimayamba kuwonekera patatha milungu 3-4, ndipo yomaliza - itatha miyezi 2-3. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mitundu yoyambayo yokha ndi yomwe imafalitsidwa kudzera mu njira ya mbewu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imayenera kufalitsidwa kokha mongomera.
Kudula coliline
Kwa odulidwa, mphukira-lignified imagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimagawidwa m'magawo awiri mpaka anayi. Zonse ziwiri zosadukiza komanso zodula zomwe zimapezeka pakati pa tsinde ndizoyenera kubereka. Amabzalidwa mumchenga kapena osakaniza lapansi kuchokera kumtunda wofanana ndi peat, tsamba (kapena humus) kumtunda ndi mchenga. Wodula mizu pa kutentha kwambiri, uyenera kukhala 25-30 ° C.
Kusamalira ma cordilina odulidwa kumakhala mukupukutira gawo lapansi ndikupopera gawo la mbewu. Nthawi zambiri mkati mwa mwezi umodzi mizu imaduladula ndipo chomera ndichokonzeka kubzala pamalo okhazikika.
Kubwezeretsa kwa cordilina pogwiritsa ntchito magawo a ma rhizomes
Mitundu yonse ya cordilins itha kufalitsidwanso ndikugawa rhizome, yomwe kale idachotsa mizu. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imachitika nthawi ya masika. Mapanga a ma rhizomes amayikidwa mu gawo limodzi monga zodulidwa. Pambuyo pakupanga mizu, iwo amawokedwa mumakanthidwe ophatikizika amitundu yosakaniza padziko lapansi.
Cordilina Banks (Cordyline banksii). © SAP PTYMitundu ndi mitundu ya cordilin
Cordilina Banks - Cordyline banksii
Ikukula pafupi ndi gombe pachilumba cha New Zealand. Thunthu lake ndi 1.5-3 m wamtali, woonda, wowongoka kapena wowoneka ngati foloko. Amasiyidwa m'magulu owondera, owongoka, opendekera pamlingo, 60-150 cm kutalika ndi masentimita 5-8 pakatikati, anati, pang'onopang'ono amatera pansi pa petiole 15-30 masentimita, obiriwira pamwambapa, obiriwira pansi pamtunda, mitsempha yapamwamba. Inflorescence ndi mantha, akulu, nthawi zambiri 1-1,5 m kutalika. Maluwa pama pedicels afupi kapena sessile, oyera. Wokonzedwa m'zipinda zabwino.
M'nyengo yotentha, mbewuyo imatha kuwonekera panja, nthawi yozizira iyenera kusungidwa m'zipinda zozizirira, zowala, zotentha ndi kutentha kwa 6-8 ° C.
Cordilina apical - Cordyline terminalis
Mgwirizano: Apical Dracaena (Dracaena terminalis), Shrub Cordilina (Cordyline fruticosa). Malo omwe mitunduyi imabadwira ndi East India, Mala Archipelago, Northeast Australia, ndi Islands Islands. Zitsamba, zopindika zowonda, masentimita 0,6-1,5, nthawi zina nthambi. Masamba ndi lanceolate, 30-50 cm kutalika ndi 7-10 cm mulifupi, obiriwira komanso kanjira, ofiira ofiira, okhala ndi mitsempha yotchuka. Petiole 10-15 masentimita kutalika, utali utoto. Inflorescence - panicle 30 cm mulifupi, nthambi zambiri, pang'onopang'ono petiole; maluwa amakhala osalala kapena pamafupi ofupika, oyera, lilac, ofiira.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyodziwika bwino.
- Kiwi - masamba otambalala okhala ndi malire a rasipiberi m'mphepete.
- Joungii - masamba ndi ofiira.
- Canario - masamba obiriwira otakataka okhala ndi mikwingwirima yowala.
Colilina yamtunduwu imafuna zofunda. Apex cordiline imafuna kuwala kosalala kowonjezereka, chinyezi chowonjezereka cha mpweya, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa masamba ndi madzi, kuthirira ndi yunifolomu ndi kutentha kwamasamba onse m'nyengo za 18-20 ° C. Mtundu umafalitsidwa ndikudula nsonga za mphukira, zimadziphukira zokha komanso kugawikana kwa nthitiyo, pomwe mizu imachotsedwa. Muzu kuti muchepetse zidutswazo, pamakhala kutentha kwambiri (26-27 ° C), mpweya wambiri komanso kutentha kwapansi mpaka 25 ° C kumafunikira.
Cordilina wofiira - Cordyline rubra
Mgwirizano: Dracaena wofiira (Dracaena rubra). Zitsamba 3-4 m wamtali, nthawi zambiri wosakhwimitsidwa; amawombera masentimita 0.6-2.5 cm. Masamba ndi lanceolate, 30-50 masentimita kutalika ndi 3.5-4.5 cm mulifupi, achikopa, zobiriwira zakuda mbali zonse, ndi mitsempha yotchuka. Petiole adakulungidwa, kutalika kwa 10-15 cm. Panicle ndi axillary, 30 cm kutalika (nthambi 7-15 cm kutalika); maluwa pazovala zazifupi, lilac. Chomera chamtengo wapatali chodzikongoletsera, chomwe chimalimidwa muzipinda zabwino.
M'nyengo yotentha, mbewuyo imatha kuwonekera panja, nthawi yozizira iyenera kusungidwa m'zipinda zozizirira, zowala, zotentha ndi kutentha kwa 6-8 ° C.
Cordilina osagawikana - Cordyline indivisa
Mgwirizano: Dracaena undivided (Dracaena indivisa). Malo omwe mitunduyi imabadwira ndi New Zealand. Mitengo 10-12 mamita yayitali, yokhala ndi thunthu loonda, koma lolimba, losasunthika. Masamba ali ndi lamba, lalitali, 70-150 masentimita ndi kutalika kwa 12-15 cm, wobiriwira wonyezimira, wabluu pansi, wonenedwa pamwambapa, wokhala ndi midrib ofiira. Inflorescence drooping, wandiweyani, nthambi. Maluwa ndi oyera. Wopangika muzipinda zozizira (m'mabwalo - panthaka).
Mawonedwe ake sakukhazikika pazomwe zili, osagwirizana ndi malo omwe atsekedwa. M'nyengo yotentha, mbewuyo imatha kuwonekera panja, nthawi yozizira iyenera kusungidwa m'zipinda zozizira, zowala, zotentha ndi kutentha kwa 3-5 ° C. Mtundu umafalitsidwa ndi njere ndi kudulidwa kwa nsonga za mphukira zazing'ono.
Cordilina molunjika - Cordyline stricta
Synonym: Dracaena molunjika (Dracaena stricta), Dracaena congesta (Dracaena congesta). Amamera m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zitsamba zokhala madera a East Australia. Thunthu lake ndi 1.5-3 m wamtali, wochepa thupi. Masamba ndi okwera-lanceolate, amaloza, 30-60 masentimita kutalika ndi 1.8-3 masentimita mulifupi ndikukutira kumunsi mpaka 0.6-1.3 masentimita, achikopa, obiriwira mbali zonse, serase pamphepete. Inflorescence - mantha, apical ndi axillary, khoma kapena drooping; Maluwa ofupika, a 0-0-0.2 masentimita, atali, ofiirira, 0,6-0.9 cm.
Amalimidwa muzipinda zozizira (m'mabwinja - panthaka).
M'nyengo yotentha, mbewuyo imatha kuwonekera panja, nthawi yozizira iyenera kusungidwa m'zipinda zozizira, zowala, zowunda komanso kutentha kwa 5-7 ° C.
Cordilina kumwera - Cordyline australis
Mgwirizano: Southern Dracaena (Dracaena australis). Imamera m'madambo oyaka, ku malo otsetsereka a miyala ku New Zealand. Mitengo mpaka 12 m kutalika, ndi thunthu losasunthika, lokhazikika kwambiri pansi. Masamba amakhala owonda, xiphoid, okhala ndi 80-120 cm kutalika ndi 20-35 masentimita, achikopa chosinthika, obiriwira, okhala ndi midrib wakuda komanso wowoneka bwino. Inflorescence ndi mantha. Maluwa ndi oyera, onunkhira.
Pali mitundu yambiri yaminda, makamaka Atropurpurea, Aureolaciniata, Veitchii, etc. Zonsezi ndizomera zokongoletsera zambiri.
Mtunduwu umadyeredwa m'malo osungirako zinyama, malo obiriwira (m'malo otetezeka - m'malo otseguka) ndi zipinda. Onani, osakulitsa pakukonza, osagwirizana ndi malo omwe atsekedwa. M'nyengo yotentha, mbewuyo imatha kuwonekera panja, nthawi yozizira iyenera kusungidwa m'zipinda zozizira, zowala, zotentha ndi kutentha kwa 3-5 ° C. Mtundu umafalitsidwa ndi njere ndi kudulidwa kwa nsonga za mphukira zazing'ono.
Cordilina ofiira (Cordyline rubra). © MercadoLibreTizilombo ndi matenda a cordilin
Zizindikiro za chisamaliro chosayenera
Malangizo a bulauni kapena m'mphepete mwa masamba - Mpweya wouma komanso wowuma pang'ono.
Madontho a bulauni pamasamba - kuthirira kosakwanira.
Masamba opotedwa, ofewa ndi mbali zakuda - matenthedwe amakhala ochepa kwambiri, amatha kutentha masana, ndipo usiku kutentha kumatsika kunthawi yochepa.
Masamba achikasu - ndi mpweya wouma, kusowa kwa michere m'nthaka (pachinsinsi cha nitrogen) pamwambapa.
Masamba otsika amasanduka achikasu - Sizachilendo kuti cordilina ataye masamba otsika, pomwe kumtunda kwa chomera kumakhala masamba. Mutha kubwezeretsa mbewu pokhapokha ndikudula mizu pamwamba. Ndikothekanso kubzala mbeu zazing'ono zomwe zili mumphika kupita ku cordilina wakale, pagululi zimawoneka zowoneka bwino (onani chithunzi pamwambapa).
Mawonekedwe owuma pamasamba - kuyatsa kwambiri kapena kutentha kwa dzuwa. Cordilina amafunikira kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa.
Tizilombo Cordilina
Zikopa - Zodera zofiirira pamasamba ndi masamba, zimayamwa madzi a cell. Masamba amataya mtundu wawo, amawuma ndikugwa.
Njira zoyeserera: Pakatsuka tizirombo, masamba amapukutidwa ndi siponji yophika. Kenako utsi chomera ndi 0,15% yankho la Actellik (1-2 ml pa lita imodzi yamadzi).
Zopatsa - Maonekedwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi chochepa.
Pamunsi pa tsamba, kupindika kumayikidwa zigawo zambiri, ndipo madontho owala amawoneka kumtunda kwa tsamba. Zotsatira zake, mbali yakumwambayo ya masamba amasandulika bulauni ndi buluku wa silvery.
Njira zoyendetsera: Chomera chimapoperedwa, ngati kuli kotheka, mobwerezabwereza ndi tizilombo (phytoverm, decis, actellic, int-vir).
Ma nsabwe - Cordilins amathanso kukhudzidwa. Amawononga masamba okhala pansipa, nsonga za mphukira. Gawo lowonongeka, limasiya kupindika, kutembenukira chikasu ndikugwa.
Njira zowunikira: Kumwaza ndi derris, phytoverm, decis, actellic, intravir. Ngati kuwonongeka kwakukulu - kubwereza chithandizo.
Cordilina apical, magiredi osiyanasiyanaMaupangiri ena okula cacilina
Cordilins nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi ma dracenes mawonekedwe. Kuti muwasiyanitse, muyenera kuchotsa mbewuyo mumphika. Monga taonera kale, mu colilina, mizu yake ndi yoyera ndipo imatupa kapena kukula kwa pineal, ndipo mu dracaena, mizu imakhala yosalala komanso yosalala kuyambira lalanje ndi chikasu mpaka bulauni.
Cordilins wokhala ndi masamba ambiri amafunika kuthirira kwambiri pakulima kuposa nthawi yodziwika ndi masamba okhala ndi masamba, popeza masamba amasuluka chinyontho.
Cordilins amayankha bwino kwambiri nthawi ndi nthawi kumasula padziko lapansi mapoto m'mapoto a chilimwe ndi chilimwe. Izi bwino nthaka aeration. Ngati dothi lapamwamba mumphika wokhala ndi cordilina lakutidwa ndi kutumphuka koyera - awa ndi madipoziti amchere amadzimadzi ndi nthaka - ndiye kuti dziko lino liyenera kuchotsedwa ndikusinthidwa mwatsopano.
