Mbande za wamaluwa nthawi zonse zimakhala ntchito zosangalatsa: muyenera kukonzekera njere kuti mubzale, kukonzanso dothi, zotengera mbande, backlight ndi zonse izi ndikuphatikizika mu "kapangidwe" kamodzi. Masabata akudutsa kuyembekezera kupeza mbande zapamwamba, koma, mwatsoka, zotsatira zomaliza sizikhala zofanana zonse zomwe wolimi angafune kuwona: zimachitika kuti mbande zimatambasuka kwambiri. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika, tingapewe bwanji kutambasula mbande ndi zoyenera kuchita ngati idatambasuka kale? Tiyesa kuyankha mafunso awa mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingathere.
Kutambasula mbande za phwetekere.
- Zifukwa zojambula mbande
- Madeti olakwika a kubzala
- Kupanda kuwala
- Kutentha kwambiri
- Kuchuluka kuthirira
- Zonenepa mbewu
- Kudyetsa kosayenera
- Zoyenera kuchita ngati mbande zayamba kale?
- Mawonekedwe a kusamalira mbande zazitali za mbewu imodzi
- Mbande za phwetekere
- Mbewu za tsabola
- Mbande za Biringanya
- Nkhaka, zukini, dzungu, vwende, mavwende
- Mbande kabichi
- Zomera zamaluwa
Zifukwa zojambula mbande
Pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu - kulephera kukwaniritsa nthawi yofesa mbewu, kusowa kwa kuyatsa, kutentha kwambiri kosakanikirana ndi mpweya wouma, mbewu zakakhuthala, kudyetsa kosayenera komanso kutsatsa mwadzidzidzi.
1. Madeti olakwika obzala
Choyamba muyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa nthawi yofesa mbewu ndikusathamangira kufesa m'mawa kwambiri, chifukwa, choyamba, mutha kubzala mbande, ndipo kuzizira kunja kwazenera, ndipo simudzatha kuwabzala pamalowo - kutha chifukwa cha kuzizira ; Kachiwiri, musathamangire kufesa mbewu ngati mulibe nyali zakutsogolo.
2. Kupanda kuwala
Kupanda kuwala ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimakhomera mbande: mbewu zimakopekedwa kumalo opepuka, chifukwa cha izi phesi limakhala lalitali, loonda komanso lofooka. Popeza izi, nyali zakuwala ziyenera kuyikidwa ndikuyatsidwa zonse m'mawa ndi madzulo, komanso nyengo yamvula - ngakhale masana.
3. Kutentha kwambiri
Chifukwa china ndi kutentha kwakukulu; munthu ayenera kudziwa bwino kuti kutentha kwambiri kumtunda kumamera kwambiri, ndipo mizu ikamacheperachepera, mbewu zimatambalala. Kutentha kwambiri (pamtunda wa 23-24 kutentha) m'chipindacho kumatha kukhazikika pokhapokha mphukira zitawonekera pamwamba panthaka, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kutentha kumayenera kutsitsidwa mpaka madigiri 14-16 kuti mbewu zitheke bwino ndikupanga gawo la mlengalenga , ndi mizu. Pambuyo masiku 8-10, matenthedwe amatha kudzutsidwanso, pafupifupi mpaka madigiri 19-21 kuposa ziro. Ngati mukufuna kuti mbande izikula pa kutentha kwake, ndiye kuti tsanzirani nyengo zakunja (ndiko kuti, yesani kutentha kutentha madigiri 4-6 kuposa kutentha kwa masana).
4. Kuthirira kwambiri
Kuthirira kwambiri ndi chifukwa chabwino chojambula. Zomera zimakokedwa mwamphamvu mosakanikirana ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi chambiri. Kumbukirani kuti patatha masiku 5-6 patamera mbande panthaka, mbande sizitha kuthiriridwa madzi, ndiye kuti kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi pakatha masiku asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi limodzi, kuyesera kulowetsa nthaka bwino. Mukaona kuti dongo layamba kumera msanga, ndiye kuti kuthirira kungachitike nthawi zambiri, kenako, ngati patadutsa masiku asanu nthaka siyinayambe kupasuka ndipo mukumva kunyowa kuti mugwire, mutha kudikirira kwakanthawi ndi kuthirira.
5. Zomera zofooka
Zomera pafupipafupi - apa pali mpikisano wa banal pakati pa mbewu: onse amayesetsa kupezana wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa chake amatambasulidwa. Ngati mbande yaoneka kale, ndi yolimba, koma yocheperako, ngakhale zikuwoneka kale kuti zimayambira ndizitali kuposa momwe zimafunikira, ndikofunikira kusankha mbande, makamaka m'mikapu yosiyana.
Ngati simunawerengere moyenera kuchuluka kwa mbewuzo ndipo mbandezo zitayamba kutalika pambuyo pake, zitakhala ndi masamba enieni, ndiye kuti mutha kuchotsa mosamala tsamba limodzi kapena awiri - izi zimathandiza. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuchotsa masamba ndi chododometsa chomera, chiyenera kusiya kutalika ndikuyamba kukula, monga akunena, m'lifupi, monga lamulo, mizu imakula kwambiri, ndipo phesi limakulirakulira. Pakatha masiku 6-8, mbande zimatha kuyamba kutambasamba, ndiye kuti njirayi ndi yololeka kubwereza ndi kuchotsa tsamba lina.
6. Kudyetsa kosayenera
Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino kuti poyambira kukula ndi kukula, mbande sizifunikanso feteleza wa nayitrogeni, koma phosphorous ndi potashi. Feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni wokha ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito atatha masiku 10-12.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati mbande zayamba kale?
Chili chololedwa kubzala mbande zokulira pansi, koma pokhapokha ndikuumba maenjewo ndikuzama ndikuyika mbandezo m'makola 40 (40-45), ndikuwongolera mizu kumwera ndikuphimba mbewuyo ndi dothi lonyowa. Njira yodzalirayi imalola kuti mbeu ipange mizu yowonjezereka munthaka yomira m'nthaka, ndiye kuti tsinde lidzawongoka ndipo mbewuyo imakulanso.
Ngati mbande yatambasulidwa, ndipo zenera lidakali lozizira ndipo simungathe kubzala mbewu m'nthaka, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchepetsa kuthirira pang'ono ndikuchepetsa kutentha ndi madigiri a 5-7. Kuchita izi kumachepetsa kukula kwa mbande, phesi limazirala pang'ono, kumayamba kubereka ndipo imatha kupindika molimba ndi mphete ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi. Ndizololedwa kuwonjezera nthaka muchombo ndi mbande, ngati makoma azitsulo amalola izi (ndizotheka mpaka masamba oyamba). Izi zikuthandizanso pakupanga mizu yowonjezereka pa tsinde, ndipo mbande zimakhala zotumphuka ndi zolimba pofika nthawi yobzala pamabedi.
Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zodziwika bwino zaulimi zomwe tafotokozazi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wopanga makampani amakono, mwachitsanzo, gwiritsani ntchito mbande ndi wotsogolera, monga Wakale. Kuwongolera kumeneku kumalimbikitsa kukula ndi kukula kwa mizu, kumapangitsa phesi kukhala lolemera, osalilola kuti litambasuke. Zoyendetsa mbewu za kukula zimathiridwa ndi mbewu, ndikuthilira pansi pa muzu ndikuloledwa pa chizindikiritso choyamba chokweza mbande.
Mawonekedwe a kusamalira mbande zazitali za mbewu imodzi
Awa anali njira wamba zomwe zidaloleza kubwezeretsa mtundu wabwinobwino, komabe, zikhalidwe zingapo zimakhala ndi zawo, zomwe zimayenera kudziwikanso.
Mbande za phwetekere
Tomato amapanga mizu yowonjezereka yomwe imakhazikika pamtunda, kuti mbande izi zitha kuduladulidwa ndikuzika dothi lonyowa kapena kapu yamadzi. Nthawi zambiri, korona yemwe amakhala ndi mbali ya tsinde 4-5 masentimita amadulidwa kuchokera ku mbande zamtundu wamtali ndipo gawo la tsinde lotsalalo limasiyanitsidwa ndi mizu. Magawo onsewo amakhala ozikika m'madzi kapena dothi - chotulukapo chake ndi mbewu zabwinobwino.
Mbewu za tsabola
Mbewu za tsabola, mwatsoka, sizingapangitse mizu yowonjezereka pa tsinde, motere, njira yodzala mbande zazitali popanda kuyesa kapena kuyesa kuzika korona sigwira ntchito. Kuti mutabzala mbande zokulirapo za tsabola, imalimba m'malo atsopano ndikuyamba kukulira, ndikofunikira kutsina chisoti chachifumu.
Mbande za Biringanya
Mukabzala kapena kutula, mbande zodalirazo zitha kuyikidwa munthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbandeyo igwire pansi, ndipo mwina ipanga mizu yatsopano ndikupitiriza kukula bwino.
Nkhaka, zukini, dzungu, vwende, mavwende
Tsamba la mbewuzi limasinthasintha, mukatambasula mbande zake, mukadzala m'nthaka, mutha kugwetsa mphete mosavuta, ndikulikula mpheteyo ku dothi ndikuidzaza ndi dothi lonyowa komanso labwino.
Mbande kabichi
Mukatambasula mbande zamabichi, ndikofunikira kutsina nsonga ya muzu (pafupifupi 0.5 cm) ndikubzala mbande pansi, ndikukula mbandezo mpaka masamba a cotyledon. Pambuyo pamasiku 8-10, mbande ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu sulfate (8-10 g pa lalikulu mita) kapena phulusa la nkhuni (150 g pa mita imodzi).
Kutambasula mbande.
Zomera zamaluwa
Mbande zokhala bwino petunias ndi zochenjera mutha kukumba bwino masamba a cotyledon ndikudina nsonga zawo. Ndi kukoka kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa mbande, petunias amathanso kuchita ngati phwetekere - kudula nsonga ndikuzithira m'madzi kapena dothi.
Pa mbande zokulirapo viola, lobelia, chithunzithunzi mutha kudula nsonga ndikufupikitsa mizu ndi khumi, kenako mbewuzo zibzalidwe m'malo okhazikika.
Mbande rose stock ndi mbande marigold Nthawi zambiri imatambasulidwa popanda chifukwa chodziwika bwino, ndizotheka kubzala mbande zotere popanda chochita naye, monga lamulo, mbande zimapitilirabe kukula m malo atsopano.
Chifukwa chake, kuti mbande zisatambasule, muyenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta: gwiritsani ntchito mbeu zonse, zofunikira kutetezedwa; ikani nthaka yosasalala, yopatsa thanzi komanso yopanda majeremusi; Onani mtunda wokwanira mutabzala mbeu ndipo pangani izi m'tsogolo - posankha mbande; Osathamanga ndi kufesa, ikani zotengera ndi mbande pazenera lakumwera ndikugwiritsa ntchito nyali zakumaso kwa mbande; kusunga nthaka yoyenera kutentha ndi chinyezi; munthawi yake komanso olondola feteleza ntchito.
Ngati mukudziwa zifukwa zina zomwe mbande zimakokedwa, ndi momwe mungazithetsere, kenako lembani zomwe zalembedwazi, ndizothandiza kwa aliyense kuti aphunzire chatsopano.
