Oyimira banja lino ndi zitsamba zobiriwira zachikopa ndi masamba ofota omwe amakhala pamitengo kapena zitsamba; ndi tizilomboti. Mu CIS, majeremusi oyambira kumanzere a banja la Stamenaceae akuimiridwa ndi mitundu itatu: mistletoe (Viscum), zomveka (Razuomofskya) ndi maluwa (Loranthus). Mitundu yamtundu wa mistletoe ndiyowopsa.
Mistletoe amadziwika ndi ambiri pansi pa mayina ena:
- "Zipatso za Oak" mu Chirasha;
- "Udzu wodutsa" (Herbe de la Croix) mu Chifalansa (dzinali limawonetsa chikhulupiriro chakuti mtanda wa Yesu Kristu unapangidwa ndi mitengo ya mistletoe);
- "Guluu wa mbalame" (mbalame) - chifukwa cha gilateni wokhala ndi zipatso komanso mbalame zokopa;
- "Panacea" (kuchiritsa konse) m'Chingerezi.
Pali mitundu iwiri mu CIS: mistletoe yoyera (V. Albums) - ndi zipatso za utoto woyera ndi utoto wa mistletoe (V. coloratura) - ndi zipatso za lalanje. Mistletoe - chitsamba chobiriwira pafupifupi mawonekedwe ozungulira, tiziromboti pamiyendo ndi nthambi zamitengo. Tsinde lake ndilobiriwira, lonama lokhazikika, masamba ali osalala, wandiweyani, zipatso ndi mabulosi. Mbewu zipsa nthawi yachisanu. Amazunguliridwa ndi chinthu chomata - viscene. Mbewu zimagawidwa ndi mbalame, makamaka zimaponya ndi waxwings. Kudya zipatso za mistletoe, mbalamezo zimawuluka kuchoka pamtengo wina kupita kwina ndikupanga mbewu zabwino zomwe zimatsatira thunthu ndi nthambi za mitengo.
Nthawi zina kufalitsa kwa mistletoe kumachitika ndikosangalatsa: mabulosi omata amakakamira pamlomo wa mbalameyo, yomwe, kuyesera kuyichotsa, ikupukusa mulomo pa mtengo wa izi kapena mtengo wina (umu ndi momwe mbewu za mistletoe zimasamutsidwira). Mbewuyo imamatirira pakhungwa la mtengo wolambira ndikuigwira mwamphamvu mwanjira imeneyi mpaka imapereka muzu womwe umalowa pansi pa khunguyo ndiku okhazikika pamenepo. Chifukwa chake, gluten yomwe ili ndi zipatso za mistletoe ndipo imasungidwa pambewu zake ndiyofunika kwambiri kuteteza mtundu.
Mutha kufalitsa cholinga choyipa, ngati mukufuna "kuthetsa" m'munda mwanu. Kuti tichite izi, nthangala za zipatso za chaka chatha zopsa (ku England pakati pa kasupe) ziyenera kuyikidwa m'mizere yaying'ono pa imodzi yamtengo wamtengowo "wolandirayo" ndikukhazikika ndi zinthu zam'munda zomwe zimalola madzi kudutsa. M'pofunika kufesa njere zingapo za mistletoe mwanjira imeneyi kuti muchepetse mawonekedwe a akazi ndi amuna omwe, ofunikira mtsogolo kuti zipatso zipangidwe. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa kumera kwa nthangala za mistletoe zobzalidwa mwanjira imeneyi ndikotsika kwambiri. Koma onetsetsani kuti mitengo ya mistletoe ndi chomera chamtali, chomwe chitha kuwononga mtengo.
White mistletoe (Viscum alb) 
White mistletoe (Viscum alb)© Photopoésie
Mu kuphuka, mbewu zimamera, ndikupanga "mizu" yomwe imakula molowera pakhungwa la mtengo. Tsono la "muzu" limafikira m'mphepete mwake, limatsatira ndipo limakula, ndikupanga chodzaza. apressorium. Njira yopyapyala imakula kuchokera pakati pa mbale, ndikupangitsa kuti khungidwe la chomera chiziwalika ndikulowetsa nthambi mu mtengo. Njira yotereyi imatchedwa kapu yotsekemera, kapena haustorium. Chaka chotsatira, mbali mizu, otchedwa ziphuphukukula mu makulidwe a kutumphuka amafanana ndi pamwamba pake. Chaka chilichonse, chikho chatsopano cha kumwera chimawonekera m'mizimba, chikulunjika chakuthengo. Chaka ndi chaka, mizu yodabwitsayi imakulirakulira, ndikupatsa mbewu ya mistletoe madzi ndi mchere wamchere wosungunuka mkati mwake.
White mistletoe (Viscum album) Pambuyo nthawi yayitali yozizira imamera pamtengo wa apuloPoyamba, mistletoe amakula pang'onopang'ono, mchaka chachitatu mpaka 6 atakhazikika pamtengo, thunthu ndi nthambi yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Kenako chitsamba chimakula mwachangu ndipo nthawi zambiri chimafikira masentimita 120-125. Kunja kwa mizu kutumphuka, masamba omwe amapanga masamba obiriwira apamwamba.
Duwa loyera la mistletoe (Viscum album)Mitengo ya mistletoe yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri imawuma. Mitengo yazipatso mowa, ndipo nthawi zina zipatso zimatha. Mistletoe amamera pa mtengo wa apulo, peyala, mitundu yodziyimira ndi yamtengo wokongola. Ndizachilendo kumwera komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa gawo la ku Europe la dziko lathu. Ku Far East, mistletoe amaperekedwa mwanjira yapadera ndi zipatso zachikasu kapena lalanje, parasitizing pa popula, msondodzi, linden, aspen.
White mistletoe (Viscum albino) Mitengo yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi mistletoe
White mistletoe (Viscum albino) Mitengo yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi mistletoeZikhulupiriro zatsiku ndi tsiku ndizazungulira zakhala zikuzunguliridwa ndi mzungu zaka zambiri. Chomera ichi chinali gawo lofunika kwambiri pamiyambo yachikunja ndi zikondwerero za mafuko ambiri aku Europe. A Druids - ansembe a ma Celts akale, omwe chikhalidwe chawo chidachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri, adaganizirapo kuti mtengowo ndi woyera ndipo amakhulupirira kuti ungathe kuchiritsa matenda aliwonse ndikuwuteteza ku zoyipa. Zipatso zinalinso ndi machitidwe olimba kwambiri kwa mankhwala osowa omwe amapezeka pa thundu.
Polemba zakale ku Ireland, a mistletoe adalemba chizindikiro cha kuchiritsidwa ndi mzimu.
Pambuyo pake, chomera chidayamba kunyadira zaufiti ndi matsenga: adadziwika kuti ali ndi mphamvu ya zithumwa, kutulutsa chikondi, komanso njira zokulitsira chonde ndi kusaka bwino. Amayi omwe amafuna kubereka mwana amavala nthambi zamiyala pachikono kapena kumanja.
Mwambo wotchuka komanso wamasiku ano - kumpsompsona Khrisimasi pansi pa nthambi za mistletoe - malinga ndi malingaliro ena, kumachokera ku nthano zakale za Old Norse, pomwe mistletoe adagonjera kwa mulungu wachikazi wachikondi, wokongola komanso chonde Freya. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti mwambowu umachokera ku miyambo yaukwati, yomwe nthawi zambiri inkakondwerera nyengo yachisanu ya Saturday ku Old Rome - m'malo mwawo, atayamba Chikristu, adayamba kukondwerera Khrisimasi. Adani ankhondo, atakumana pansi pa mistletoe, adayenera kuwerama mikono yawo pofika tsiku.
Monga gawo la nkhondo yawo yothetsa zachikunja, mpingo wachikhristu udayesa kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, koma adagonjetsedwa pamenepa.
Ndipo munthawi yathu ino, misika ya Khrisimasi ku Europe imapereka nthambi zoonda za mandletoe ndi zipatso zokongola zachikasu, pomwe maanja amakonda kukondana pa Khrisimasi. Ndipo okonda aku America amapsompsona pansi pa chikondwerero chachikasu (Phoradendron serotinum) - wachibale wakomweko wa mistletoe, wokhala ndi masamba ambiri komanso zipatso zofanana ndi za mistletoe yoyera.
Mukakumana ndi mistletoe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mtengowo ndiwopanda pake ndipo mankhwala akumwa nokha pogwiritsa ntchito mistletoe ndiosavomerezeka. Chomera chowopsa makamaka kwa amayi apakati.
Duwa lodziwika kuchokera kubanja la Staphylococcus parasitic pa thundu ndi mgoza, msipu - pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mlombwa ndi mtundu wina waukulu wamisipu.
Duwa la tsinde (Loranthus)
Juniper Arceutobium (Arceuthobium oxisedri) kapena JuniperMaulalo azinthu:
- Popkova. K.V. / General phytopathology: buku la m'masukulu apamwamba / K.V. Popkova, V.A. Shkalikov, Yu.M. Stroykov et al. - 2nd ed., Chiv. ndi kuwonjezera. - M: Drofa, 2005 .-- 445 p .: Ill. - (Makalasi a sayansi yasayansi).
