Kuyang'ana kosasanja kwa makoma a nyumba ndi zomangidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi mitengo yokwera - mipesa ndi njira yopitilira patsogolo pomanga nyumba zobiriwira. Choyamba, izi sizifunikira malo owonjezera owonjezera. Zilombera zimayerekezera bwino ndi mbewu zina. Amakonda kubereka mosavuta, amakula mwachangu, mumsewu wapakati pa gawo la Europe ku Russia kwa zaka 2-3 amatha kuphimba kwathunthu makhoma a nyumba zosanja za 1-2. Zomera zokwera ndi pulasitiki ku boma lowala, loletsa mpweya, losakhalitsa. Mitundu yambiri ndi masamba okongoletsa, maluwa ndi zipatso, elasticity ndi mphamvu ya mphukira. Pazomera zonse zodziwika, mitengo yampesa yokha ndi yomwe imatha kukwera payokha malinga ndi nyumba za nsanjika za 2-4. Mitundu ina ya mipesa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchera malo ndi njira ina yazipatso zamkaka zapamwamba komanso zamankhwala: Actinidia, mphesa, mabulosi akuda, lemongrass, ndi ena. Nyumba, makonde, makonde, zipilala, pergolas, trellis, mipanda, zojambula bwino ndi mipesa yobiriwira, zimapatsa mizindayi yomwe ili mumphepete mwa msewu wakunja, wakunja kumwera.
Njira yokhala ndi malo owongokaM'mizinda ndi m'matauni athu, nyumba zambiri zomangidwa molingana ndi zomangidwe zokhazokha, makamaka nyumba zokhazikitsidwa, sizipambana pamangidwe nthawi zonse. M'macrodistricts angapo, malo onse amakhala opanga komanso oopsa. Pankhani imeneyi, chiyembekezo chachikulu chimayikidwa pakudimba kwamaluwa, chomwe chimatanthauzira kuti ndi njira imodzi yachuma komanso zopezeka ndizomanga makoma a nyumba ndi nyumba zosiyanasiyana. Akuyenera kuchita mbali yayikulu pakuwumba, luso, ndi ukhondo m'mizinda ndi m'matawuni amakono.
Kulima dimba, kuphatikiza nyumba zogona, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popukutira kukhoma kwa nyumba zamabizinesi, ana, zikhalidwe, zamankhwala ndi zamasewera; mukamakongoletsa nyumba zakale; imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokongoletsa malo.
Pali malingaliro olakwika akuti ma liam, omwe akukula pafupi ndi nyumba, amathandizira kuti pakhale kunyowa m'makoma ndikuwonongeka kwawo. Kafukufuku komanso kuyeseza kwakanthawi kochepa kwatsimikizira kuti mizu ya kukwera mbewu imachotsa chinyezi chambiri kuchokera panthaka ya nyumbayo, ndipo gawo lakumwambalo limateteza makhoma kuti lisamatenthe, kugwa kwamvula, chifukwa chake kuwonongedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimapangitsa malo abwino m'nyumba.
Njira yokhala ndi malo owongokaKulima kwamtunduwu ndi kwatsopano ndipo, mwatsoka, sikunalandirebe kufalikira, makamaka m'dziko lathu. Tikukhulupirira kuti malingaliro athu ndi malingaliro athu athandiza wamaluwa kuti afulumizitse kuthetsa nkhaniyi.
Kuti mukulitse mwaluso zamabodza, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe bwino momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira komanso momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira, momwe zimakhalira bwino ndikuwonetsa bwino kwambiri zokongoletsera.
Zowira mumitengo yathutunda zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yotentha zitha kukwera mpaka 20-30 m; mainchesi a tsinde lalikulu nthawi zina amafika 20 cm (mphesa zamasamba asanu). Mitundu yambiri ya mipesa imakhala ndi korona wamphamvu, imadziwika ndi kukula msanga, maluwa oyambira (kwa chaka chachiwiri ndi chitatu), zipatso (za chaka cha 3-3) ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimasiyana pakukhalitsa kosangalatsa (kukwera maluwa ndikukwera honeysuckle kumakhala zaka 100 mphesa - mpaka 200, ivy - mpaka 300). Pafupifupi nthawi yonseyi akhoza kufalitsidwa.
Mbande poyamba zimamera ngati mbewu wamba, ndipo kuthekera kolumikizana ndi zogwirizira kumawonekera, zimakhala ndi mipesa yeniyeni. M'mapulogalamu okolola (mphesa) mumawonekera pomwe ma 8-10 internode amapangidwa mu mbande zapachaka komanso kutalika kwa mphukira kumafika 40-45 cm. Amatha kupotoza othandizira akafika kutalika kwa 30-50 cm (Actinidia, pliers nkhuni).
Njira yokhala ndi malo owongokaChiyambireni cha moyo wazomera pambuyo pa chisanu chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyambika kwa kuyamwa kwamadzi. Kwa mipesa yambiri (actinidia, lemongrass, mphesa, ndi zina) izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa March kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo. Mphukira za clematis ndi honeysuckle zimayamba kukula kwambiri (m'zaka za 2-3 za Epulo); ambiri mwa ena (mphesa, actinidia, kirkazon, mitengo yamatabwa, lemongrass, etc.), mphukira zimayamba kukula m'zaka 1 za 2 za Meyi.
M'minda yayikulu (actinidia, mitengo yamatabwa, mphesa, clematis), kutalika kwa mphukira zapachaka kumatha kufika 2-4 m. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutalika kwakutalika kwa nyengo yake (mpaka miyezi 4) komanso kukula kwamphamvu kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa mphukira (4-6 cm). Pofika kugwa, mphukira zimatha kupindika bwino, ndipo mbewu zake ndizambiri nyengo yachisanu.
Kutalika kwa maluwa ndi zipatso za mpesa ku Minsk sizofanana. Mu Meyi, chikasu chachikasu, honeysuckle, kalonga, maluwa obala, maluwa a lemongrass. Mu June - actinidia, kirkazon, mbewu ya mwezi, Jacquman clematis, wofiirira, Tangut, mphesa. Mu Julayi, zikuluzikulu, mitala, zokongola, masamba asanu, zipatso za mphesa zokhala ndi masamba a mphesa; mu Ogasiti, Chitchaina, kumayiko ena, ndi zina zambiri.
Zomera zomwe zimaphukira mu Meyi - Julayi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zipatso zabwino komanso mbewu yabwino. Zipatso zofooka ndi kupanga mipesa yopanda zipatso, yophukira mu Ogasiti.
Njira yokhala ndi malo owongokaChimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira zachilengedwe zomwe zimachepetsa chikhalidwe cha mipesa ndi kutentha kochepa kwa nthawi yozizira. Mipesa yolimba kwambiri yozizira ndi colomikt actinidia, mphesa za Amur, mphesa zofiira, nkhandwe, mphesa zamitundu isanu, maulalo atali ndi matope ozungulira, kokhotakhota, chikasu chamkaka, honeysuckle, kirkazon wachikulire, Chinese schisandra, clematis wofiirira, Tangut, pruneaceae alemon. ndi ena.Osagwira osasintha yozizira ndi yayikulu, mitala, mphesa zobzalidwa, mphesa zamkazi zopondera zipatso, kukwera kapena kukwera maluwa, etc. Ku Belarus, mphesa zolimidwa, kukwera maluwa, khwangwala Jacqueman mavu amafunikira nthawi yozizira.
Actinidia, kirkazon, duwa amayambitsa kwambiri chonde; m'malo mwake, "osafunikira - ma pliers ndi mbewu ya mwezi. Honeysuckle, lemongrass, kalonga, mabulosi akutchire ali ndi kufunikira kwapakati pa izi.
Mphesa ndi clematis ndizokwanira kuthana ndi kuchepa kwakanthawi kanyontho ndi chilala. Mosiyana ndi iwo, Actinidia, Kircasone, Schisandra, Moonseed, panthawi yopuma, pali chikaso, kupindika masamba, kuwola kwa maluwa ndi zipatso.
Njira yokhala ndi malo owongokaMitundu ina imakula bwino m'malo otentha. Izi zikuphatikizapo mphesa, kukwera honeysuckle, rose ndi clematis. Mithunzi yoleketsa ndi mitundu yochepa chabe. Shading yofunikira ikhoza kunyamulidwa ndi pliers, mbewu ya mwezi, mphesa zamasamba asanu, ivy. Kalonga, lemongrass, ndi kirkazon amakhala pamalo apakatikati pokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kuwala.
Mitundu yazipatso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mipesa yomwe ilikukula mofananamo imafikira zazikulu - kuyambira 3 mpaka 20 m kapena kupitilira.
Kuti muchotse bwino, maluwa ambiri ndi zipatso za mpesa, kukonzekera dothi ndikofunikira ndikukumba mpaka kukuya kwa 40-50 masentimita ndikuyambitsa 20-30 makilogalamu a humus pa 1 m2. Ndikupitiliza kawonedwe kosiyanasiyana kwa nyumba, kukumba ngalande zazitali masentimita 40-50 komanso kuya kwa 60-70 cm.Mipesa imodzi imabzalidwa m'mayenje 50 × 50 cm.
Maenje akuluakulu ndi maenje amakumbidwa osayandikira 10 mpaka 20cm kuchokera pansi. M'malo momwe mungatulutsire mitengo ya mpesa mothandizidwa ndi madzi amkuntho, dzenjeroli liyenera kukhomedwa ndi konkire 5-b cm kutalika, ndikusiya dzenje la mipesa yomwe ili ndi kukula kwa 20X30 cm.
Njira yokhala ndi malo owongokaMtunda pakati pa mbewu nthawi yobzala zimatengera kukula kwake komanso kuthekera kwa nthambi. Ndi malo opitilira kutalika kwa mtunda wa 0.6-1.0 mamita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, mpendadzuwa, kalonga, clematis amabzalidwa; 1.0-2.0 m - honeysuckle, kirkazon, lemongrass; 2-3.0 m - actinidia, mphesa, maulalo a nkhuni.
Nthawi yabwino yobzala mitengo ya mpesa ndi masika, masamba asanatseguke. Komabe, honeysuckle, clematis amayamba kukula molawirira kwambiri, kotero nthawi yamasika yophukira ndiyochepa. Mitengo iyi iyenera kubzalidwa kumapeto. Mbeu zobzalidwa pamalo osatha 10-15 cm mozama kuposa momwe zimakhalira nazale. Kukumbukira mobwerezabwereza kumalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mizu yoyambira, kukula kwa mlengalenga, komanso kuteteza kuzizira.
Ndi malo owongoka a nyumba, zomangira, mipanda, zomata ziyenera kuyikidwa molingana ndi zowongolera, chifukwa zofunika pazowongolera sizili zofanana kwa iwo.
Pamalimi ofukula
- a) Kumwera, kumwera chakum'mawa ndi kumwera chakumadzulo ndi koyenera: kukwera duwa, kukwera honeysuckle, mphesa, clematis;
- b) Kummawa, kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi kumadzulo: Actinidia, kirkazon, kalonga, mpesa waku China;
- c) Kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo: mphesa za atsikana zazikuta zamasamba asanu ndi mitengo.
Kumbali zonse ziwiri, mutha kubzala mphete ndi mphesa za atsikana.
Kuyika kwa mipesa kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino kwambiri kuti zikule bwino, zomwe zingawathandize kukongoletsa kwambiri komanso kulimba.
Njira yokhala ndi malo owongokaKusamalira mipesa sikusiyana kwambiri ndi kusamalira mbewu zina. Zofunikira kuti achoke ndikupereka mphukira zawo, wobiriwira "obiriwira" - mawonekedwe oyenerera mwa kuluka ndi kudula kwa mphukira payekha.
Nthawi yomweyo, mipesa iyenera kutetezedwa kuti iwonongeke. Kuti muchite izi, mumangidwa ndi ndodo yotsika kapena crate yapadera; Kutunga koyenera kwamadzi amvula kuchokera padenga la nyumbayo kuti popewe kukokoloka kwa mizu ndikutsitsa madzi pansi.
Monga mukuwonera, mitundu yambiri ya mipesa imakhala yozizira kwambiri m'malo am'derali, imakula ndikukula bwino, imagwirizana ndi zochitika zam'mizinda, pafupifupi sizikhala ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, komanso yokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa. Izi zabwino zimapereka chifukwa chovomerezera kuti mipesa igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri pomanga zobiriwira.
Njira yokhala ndi malo owongoka
