Purslane - chowala chamaluwa chowala

Dzinali limachokera ku liwu Lachilatini "portula" - kolala ndipo limalumikizidwa ndi mtundu wakutsegulidwa kwa bokosi la mbewu. Paminda yathu yolima maluwa yomwe ili ndi maluwa owoneka bwino amatchedwa "rugs".

Portulac lalikulu-maluwa (Portulaca grandiflora). © wokongola

Monga udzu waminda, umapezeka m'malo otentha a chapakati pa Europe, ku America. Gawo lake limalimidwa m'minda ndi m'minda. Purslane anali chomera chotchuka ku Middle Ages ku Europe, makamaka ku England. M'masiku a Hippocrates, purslane adagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa mabala, kulumidwa ndi njoka zapoizoni ndi kusowa tulo, ndipo mu Middle Ages amadziwika kuti "wodala" mwa Aluya.

Rod Portulac (Portulaca) imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 200 ya zomera zamtundu wa herbaceous pachaka ndi zina, kuphatikizapo zabwino.

M'malo okongoletsa anthu akhala ponseponse Purslane lalikulu-maluwa (Portulaca grandiflora), ochokera ku South America. Ichi ndi chomera chachisawawa chotalika 20 cm, chokhwima mchikhalidwe monga pachaka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yamiyala ndi m'malire. Masamba ndi amtundu, ochepa, acylindrical, wobiriwira kapena ofiira pang'ono. Maluwa ali ndi kapu, osavuta, amtundu wa 5 ophatikizidwa palimodzi, kapena pawiri, wamtali kukula (mainchesi 2.5-3 cm), wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yoyera, kirimu, chikasu, lalanje wowala, pinki ndi ofiira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa ophatikizika, mwachitsanzo Double Remix, imayamikiridwa. Dzina la mitundu "Belotsvetkovy" limadzilankhulira lokha - mbewuyo ili ndi maluwa oyera. Maluwa a Splendans amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Mitundu yodziwika ndi nimbus zamitundu iwiri.

Portulac lalikulu-maluwa (Portulaca grandiflora). © Sylvi

Purslane ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri: chimayikidwa m'miphika ya mumsewu, mapoto, mabasiketi opachikika, khonde ndi zenera.

Kugwiritsa ntchito patadutsa-patali patali pamapangidwe aminda ndikosiyanasiyana. Amabzala m'mabedi amaluwa (nthawi zambiri - m'mabedi a maluwa ojambula pamalopo), m'malo ogwirira ntchito, makama amaluwa, malo otsetsereka, osunga miyala, molumikizana ndi konkire zopangira miyala. Pamadothi owuma, purslane amatha m'malo mwa udzu.

Zambiri za kukula kwa tralane wamkulu wamaluwa

Malo

Purslane yofesedwa m'malo opepuka kwambiri, apo ayi mbewuyo siikhala pachimake. Mchipinda chotsekeramo pazenera za kum'mwera njira ndizoyenera. Amamva bwino mu khonde ndi zokoka pazenera, mu mpweya watsopano.

Kutentha

Purslane lalikulu-maluwa - chomera osagwira kutentha. Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha, palibenso mavuto, popeza mitunduyo imakula ngati pachaka.

Kuthirira

Purslane amathiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse - mukangofesa nthawi yonse yakukula, makamaka munthawi yotentha ndi yowuma, popewa kukokoloka kwamadzi.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Mwambiri, oimira a mabanja a Portulac amalimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Nthawi zina, mbewu zimakhudzidwa ndi bowa Albugo portulaceae, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwoneka kwa mawanga ndi kusintha kwa mphukira pamasamba. Gawo zowonongeka zimachotsedwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi imodzi mwazakudya zamkuwa zamkuwa zamkuwa.

Portulac lalikulu-maluwa (Portulaca grandiflora). © gps1941

Kugula kwa mbewu

Mbewu zimatengedwa kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena koyambirira kwa nyengo yamasika, kufufuza mosamala chikwama ndi tsiku lotha ntchito. M'malo okhala ndi maluwa ndi maluwa osungirako maluwa mungapezenso mbande m'magalasi. Sankhani mbewu zowoneka bwino popanda zizindikiro zowola.

Kusamalira Purslane

Kuunikira kwa accomplane kumafunikira zowala, mbewuyo imafunikira dzuwa lowongolera - iyi ndiye njira yofotokozera maluwa. Mchipinda chotsekeramo pazenera za kum'mwera njira ndizoyenera. Amamva bwino mu khonde ndi zokoka pazenera, mu mpweya watsopano.

Chomera chimakonda nyengo zotentha - kuti zikule bwino, kutentha m'dera la 20 ... 26 ° C ndikoyenera.

Purslane safuna kuthirira pafupipafupi, komabe, mbewu zomwe zili mumbale ndi mapoto zimalimbikitsidwabe kuti zizithiridwa madzi pang'ono, koma pafupipafupi.

Chomera chake sichimafunikira kuvala pamwamba - ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zochepa zokongoletsa zomwe zimakomera kwambiri malo osauka.

Portulac lalikulu-maluwa (Portulaca grandiflora). © julia_Halle

Kubzala mbewu zaplane

Ndikwabwino kubzala katswiri mu March. Komabe, nthawi zina m'mabuku ofotokoza za maluwa (3rd ya February) komanso masiku amtsogolo (1st ya Epulo) amafotokozedwa. Purslane yofesedwa pamtunda wa 20 ... 25 ° C ndikuwala kowala bwino m'malo obiriira pang'ono. Patsiku lotentha, kutentha m'malo obiriwira kumatha kufika 50 ° C, ndiye mbande zimakula kangapo mwachangu. Koma ngati kulibe kuunika kokwanira, azingotambalala. Kwa wowonjezera kutentha, aquarium yopangidwa ndi plexiglass idzakwanira. Aquarium imakutidwa ndi wokutira pulasitiki (bwino kuposa watsopano) kapena chivundikiro cha plexiglass ndikuyika pazenera lowala kwambiri. Ngati kulibe kuwala kokwanira ndipo mbande zikutulutsidwa, zitha kuwunikira ndi nyali ya fluorescent (DC) kapena nyali ya tebulo (babu la 40-60W). Kuwala kowonjezera kumafunikira m'mawa ndi madzulo, komanso nyengo yamitambo - tsiku lonse.

Mbeu zochepa ndizofesedwa m'mapoto apulasitiki ang'onoang'ono. Thirani dothi labwino kwambiri ndi mchenga wowuma pansi, kenako ndikudzaza dothi ndi dothi. Kusakaniza kwadothi sikuyenera kukhala ndi feteleza komanso feteleza wachilengedwe. Mbali yoyamba, mbewu za purslane sizingamere konse, chachiwiri, mbande zimafa ndi matenda a mafangasi. Mpaka 20% ya mchenga wokhala ndi mulifupi mwake wa 0,5 mamilimita ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi zosakaniza zadothi, ndipo ngati dothi ndi lolemera, dongo, ndiye makala.

Mbale zake zimayikidwa mu thireyi ndi madzi ofewa, otetezedwa. Mukathiriridwa ndi madzi olimba, kumera kumacheperachepera.

Dothi likanyowa, mutha kuyamba kufesa. Mbeu za Purslane zimayikidwa pansi ndi machesi osakanikira (kumapeto kwake kuyenera kunyowa), ndikumakanthira munthaka ndi 0,5-1 mm patali wa 1 cm kuchokera kwa wina. Mbewu nthawi yomweyo amaikamo wowonjezera kutentha. Ngati singayime pazenera ndipo ilibe zida zowunikira, ndiye kuti mbande zambiri zitamasulidwa ku chovala cha mbewu, zimayenera kuchotsedwa mu nyumba yobiriwira ndikuyika pazenera pafupi ndi galasi momwe mungathere. Kuphimba katswiri ndi nyale ya patebulo kuli bwino mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi chivundikiro. Mtunda kuchokera pa nyali kupita kumera kwa 40W ukhoza kukhala 10-15 cm, ndipo 60W - 15-20 masentimita. Ngati zenera liri lozizira usiku, mutha kusiya mbewu usiku mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikuziyika pazenera m'mawa mutangowonekera. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dothi siliphwa.

Ngati muli ndi khonde kumbali yotentha nyumbayo, mbewu zitha kusungidwa pamenepo. Muyenera kukumbukira kuti realane amakonda kwambiri kutentha ndipo amayamba kuvutika kale pa 20 ° C (mbewu zatsopano), pa 16 ° C (patatha sabata), pa 10 ° C (pambuyo pa masamba 6 owona). Pamatenthedwe ochepera 10 ° C, masamba amayamba kugwa pamimba zachikulire.

M'nyengo yamdzuwa, ndibwino kuti mbeu izitsegulidwa, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti dothi siliphwa. Ndipo nyengo yamvula ndikwabwino kutseka kuti mvula isaswe mbande.

Kuuma kwa dothi ndi kowopsa makamaka kuzomera zazing'ono, makamaka zomwe zangobwera kumene.

Zomera zokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5-6 ndi masamba osachepera 10 zimabzalidwa m'mabokosi, pamaluwa amaluwa ndi miphika yokhala ndi masamba osachepera 10, komanso bwino - nthawi yomweyo ndi masamba. Kwa owasankha, amasankha malo owoneka bwino kwambiri, otentha, - abwino pamiyeso, komanso bwino pafupi ndi khoma lakumwera. Pamenepo mutha kuyika miphika ndi mbewu za mbewu.

Ngati mukufuna kupeza mbewu, kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, pomwe kutentha kwa usiku kumatsikira pansi pa 10 ° C, miphika yokhala ndi mbewu imayenera kubweretsedwa mnyumbamo. Mutha kungowasiya pawindo mpaka mbewu zipse. Mbeu za Purslane zimasilira kumera kwa zaka zitatu.

Kuti muthe kusintha zina zabwino kwambiri za accomplane, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zodula - mbewu za amayi ziyenera kusungidwa pamalo abwino nthawi yozizira.

Mitundu yotchuka ya purslane

Purslane lalikulu-maluwa (Portulaca grandiflora).

Zomera zimachokera ku South America (Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay). Chomera chobiriwira cha herbaceous (chogwiritsidwa ntchito chaka ndi chaka) chokhala ndi minyewa yakuda, chokhazikika kapena chokhalamo, mpaka kutalika kwa 30 cm. Masamba ndi amtundu, cylindrical, mpaka 2,5 cm kutalika kwa 2 cm. 3-4 masentimita, mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuyambira yoyera mpaka yachikasu kapena yofiirira. Maonekedwe oyamba ndi maluwa ofiira adakhala maziko operekera mitundu yambiri yosakanizidwa ndi whisk yosavuta kapena iwiri komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Amakula pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi ngati chomera chokongoletsera. Mitundu yambiri ya purslane, maluwa amatsegulidwa masana nyengo yotentha. Komabe, pali mitundu ina yomwe maluwa (nthawi zambiri maluwa otuwa) amatseguka ngakhale masiku kwamitambo.

Zosiyanasiyana momwe maluwa amatsegulira masiku amitambo: Sundance, Sunglo, Cloudbeater.

Munda wa Purslane (Portulaca oleracea).

Chomera chofalikira, chofalikira kumadera onse padziko lapansi. Chomera cha pachaka, chokongola, 10-30 cm.Miyeso yofiyira komanso nthambi zambiri, yotalika kapena yokwawa pansi, yokhazikika mozungulira, yopanda pake. Masamba ndi amtundu, wofupika, kutalika kwa 1.5-3 masentimita, oblong-scapular, wokhala ndi malekezero ochepa. M'nyengo yonse ya chilimwe, m'makoko a masamba apamwamba pamawoneka maluwa ang'onoang'ono, achikasu owoneka bwino, owokha kapena otengedwa m'magulu awiri a 2-5. Calyx imapangidwa ndi 2 manda, corolla 7-8 mm mulifupi, muli 4-6 obovate petals. Nthawi yamaluwa amtunduwu imagwera pa June-August.

Ku Europe, monga ndiwo zamasamba, chomera ichi chimawoneka mochedwa. Poyamba idafika ku France, komwe m'zaka za XVII idakhala imodzi yamasamba ofunika kwambiri, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo idalowa m'mayiko ena aku Europe.

Kuyembekezera ndemanga zanu!