Asia amadziwika kuti ndi dziko la dzungu mavwende. Apa, mu chilimwe chotentha, kuchokera ku Central Asia kufikira madera otentha a India, unyinji wa mitundu yonse yazomera komanso zamtchire zomwe zimapezeka padziko lapansi zipse. Pachimake penipeni pa chiyambi cha mavwende ngati chomera chakhoma ndi dera la Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran ndi China ndi India.
Koma kuwona kwinakwake kholo la mitundu ndi mitundu ya mavwende omwe amapezeka ndi lero sikungakhale bwino. Pazaka zambiri zakusankhidwa, mitundu ya zikhalidwe yasiyana kwambiri kuchokera pa zomwe zikukula mpaka pano zachilengedwe zomwe zikukula. Ndipo zipatso za mavwende akuchulukirachulukira, mokoma mtima, apaulendo azamalonda ndi asitikali a Aroma ndi ena opambana, adafika kumpoto kwa Africa.
Pali umboni kuti ku maiko aku Europe kukhalapo kwa mavwende ndi kukoma kwake kosayiwalika kunadziwika mu Middle Ages, ndipo ku Russia, mwachitsanzo, m'chigawo cha Volga, mavwende omwe amachokera ku Persia ndi Central Asia anali atakula kale m'zaka za m'ma 1500.
Mitundu ya vwende yaku Central Asia: mayina, zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe
Ngakhale ambiri mayina a mitundu yaku Asia ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavwende samawadziwa ambiri, zithunzi zawo nthawi zambiri zimawadabwitsa iwo omwe ali ndi mitundu yofanana ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino yokhala ndi mavwende komanso wamba. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu iyi ndi mitundu ya mavwende, monga ku Uzbekistan, Tajikistan ndi maiko ena amderali, sapezeka kulikonse padziko lapansi. Apa alimi a vwende adatha kupeza osati zazikuluzikulu zokha, mpaka 25 makilogalamu, komanso zotsekemera zokoma kwambiri.
Maonekedwe a chipatso atha kukhala osiyana kwambiri ndi osanjikizidwa komanso ozungulira mpaka ellipsoid. Utoto wa mitundu pa peel yosalala kapena yolumikizidwa ndi ming'alu yaying'ono ndizosadabwitsa.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa mitundu ya mavwende, okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, khungu ndi mawonekedwe a makasitomala:
- cassab melon;
- Melon Bukharka kapena Chogare;
- Pineapple Melon kapena Ich-Kzyl;
- cassaba melon Assan Bay;
- Chardzhuy vwende kapena Gulabi;
- cantaloupe vwende.
Mwa mitundu ya ku Central Asia pali mavwende akuchulukacha a chilimwe omwe amakhala okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito mukangokolola ndi ziphuphu, ndipo pali mitundu ina yomwe imasungidwa mwatsopano miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi isanu ndi umodzi ndipo ikuwonetsa zabwino zawo kokha mchaka chotsatira.
Mavwende a mitundu ya Kassab, pachithunzichi mayina amitundu yamitundu iyi amatha kuwoneka pansi pa manambala 1 ndi 4, amatchedwanso ena nthawi yachisanu, pamene kucha kwawo kumayamba mochedwa kwambiri.
Mukakolola, zipatsozo zimakulungidwa ndi mabango ndipo zimapachikidwa m'zipinda zouma kapena pansi pa awnings kuti azikalamba komanso kusungidwa. Pofika mwezi wa Marichi kokha, zamkati zolimba zimakhala zobiriwira komanso zokoma.
Melon waku Chogara, chiwerengero 2, kapena, monga momwe chimatchulidwira kumadera olankhula Chirasha, Bukharka ali ndi zamkati zoyera zokoma kwambiri ndipo amapereka chowulungika, ali ndi chipatso chakumaso pang'ono, cholemera mpaka 6 kg. Chifukwa cha kukweza kwambiri, mavwendewa sapezeka ku Central Asia, koma mitundu yonseyi ili paliponse pazofunikira komanso kufalikira.
Koma melon ya Gulyabi, yomwe ikujambulidwa nambala 5, imadziwika kwambiri m'gawo la USSR yakale. Pafupipafupi, chomera chomwe chimagwira nawo gawo la filimu. Mtundu uwu wa vwende waku Central Asia udali ndi mwayi kuti awoneke mufilimu "Station for awiri", komabe, pseudonym. Aliyense amene adaonera kanemayu amakumbukira mavwende akunja omwe amagulitsidwa ndi otchulidwa. M'malo mwake, palibe mitundu yotere, koma yayikulu, mpaka 3-5 makilogalamu olemera ovoid a mavwende a Chardzhuy anali odziwika bwino ku Soviet Union.
Mtunduwu, womwe umapezeka kudera la Chardzhuy ku Turkmenistan, umadziwika ndi thupi loyera loyera, kutsekemera, kusunga bwino komanso kusungika, chifukwa chake sizosadabwitsa kuti zipatso zimachokera ku Uzbek kapena Turkmen SSR ndi njanji kupita ku gawo la ku Europe ngakhale kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Pansi pa nambala yachitatu yomwe ili pachithunzichi pali kaphini kamapayipi kapena Ich-kzyl, omwe amapatsa zipatso zopitilira muyeso. Unyinji wa vwende woterewu umachokera ku 1.5 mpaka 4 kg. Ndipo ngakhale kuti chilimwechi sichinadziwike ndi mitundu ingapo yamalimba pakati pa Russia, nyama yapinki, ya shuga yotsekemera iyi imayamikiridwa kunyumba, ku Uzbekistan.
Masiku ano, pansi pa dzina la Pineapple Melon kudziko lathu, obereketsa akupanga mitundu yakucha yakukula yomwe imafanana ndi Ich-kizyl, zolemba zosakoma ndi kulumikizana kwa ming'alu pa peel. Zowona, pakangotha masiku 60-75 kuchokera pa kubzala, mitundu yamakono imatha kukhala molingana ndi dera lomwe siliri la Chernozem ingakondweretsere mavwende okhala ndi zipatso zolemera mpaka 2 kg, zomwe mavwende a ku Central Asia sangathe.
Pachithunzichi, Melon Torpedo, amatanthauza mitundu yamipatso yakuchedwa, zipatso zake zazikuluzikulu, chifukwa cha momwe mbewuyo idatchulira dzina, kulekerera mayendedwe bwino. Ku Uzbekistan, komwe mitundu yakaleyi imachokera zaka pafupifupi zitatu, zipatsozi zimatchedwa melzachul melon.
Mu zipatso zakupsa, mtundu wa peel wokutidwa ndi maukonde abwino a ming'alu umakhala wofewa chikasu ndi pinki yotuwa, thupi limakhala ndi fungo labwino, limasiyanitsidwa ndi kutsekemera ndi kuwoneka bwino.
Mavwende aku Europe: mitundu, mayina ndi zithunzi za mitundu yotchuka
Wotchuka kwambiri Kummawa ndi mbendera zoyambirira za Handalyaki, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso zazing'ono, zotikumbutsa mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya melon m'dziko lathu, Kolkhoznitsa.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, mavwende amitundu ikuluikulu ya Kolkhoznitsa amakhala aing'ono, kulemera mpaka 2 kg, zipatso zokhala ndi zamkati zoyera kapena zachikasu, ngakhale mu nyengo yovuta ya Russia, kupeza shuga wambiri. Ngakhale kutuluka kwa ma hybrids atsopano, chifukwa cha kusachita bwino komanso kukhwima koyambirira, wolima wophatikiza pamodzi, pachithunzichi panthawi yokolola mavwende, ndiye mbewu yodziwika bwino kwambiri yamtunduwu.
Mu chithunzi ndi mayina ndi mitundu mitundu ya mavwende pa nambala 6, mbewu ina yakale yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ndi mbiri yabwino komanso yowuma imaperekedwa. Awa ndi Cantaloupe ochokera ku Afghanistan kapena Iran, mwakufuna kwawo kudzera ku Armenia ndi Turkey, omwe adabwera ku Europe, ndendende ndi mndandanda wa Mutu wa Mpingo wa Katolika.
Kukoma kwa kanyimbo kamphaka kamtunda kobisika pansi pa khungu lowala, monga chithunzi, kunakondweretsa Papa kwambiri kuti zipatso zamtunduwu zidatchulidwa dzina la malo apapa ku Cantalupo ku Sabina, komwe kudula mitengo yonse ya melon.
Masiku ano, vwende ya Cantaloupe ndiye mtundu wotchuka kwambiri komanso wofunidwa ku Europe ndi USA, womwe wathandizira obereketsa kuti apange mitundu yatsopano yopanga zipatso komanso yopanda chidwi.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, vwende ya cantaloupe imakhala yokhala ndi mawonekedwe owumbika kapena osalala ndipo imakutidwa ndi netiweki lakumiyendo yoyera.
Izi zikukhudzana ndi Cantaloupe yokhala ndi vwende wa ku Ethiopia. Mu vwende iyi, chowombelera, ngati cantaloupe, zipatso zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala zimafika pamtunda wa 3 mpaka 7 kg. Koma ngati "Papal Melon" ali ndi mnofu wa lalanje wolemera, ndiye malinga ndi malongosoledwe, vwende wa ku Itiyopiya amakhala ndi mnofu womwe ndi woyera, wowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso wokoma.
Mtundu wa nthochi kapena mtundu wina wa cantaloupe womwe umakula ku West, umakula mpaka 80 cm, umakhala ndi kakomedwe kake komanso kafungo kabwino. Komanso, chipatso sichimangofanana ndi nthochi mumtundu ndi mtundu wa zamkati, komanso kukoma kwa vwende ndikungofewa, koma pang'onopang'ono. Yesani kukulitsa mavwende amtunduwu patsamba lanu pafupi ndi mbatata, kaloti ndi masamba ena.
Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa zachilendo izi ndi Serebryanaya melon kapena nkhaka yaku Armenia, yomwe imakhala ndi mizu wamba ndi cantaloupe, koma imakhala yosiyana ndi zipatso zamakhwalawa.
Kuchokera pa vwende chipatso chokhwima, mpaka 70cm kutalika ndi masikono mpaka 8 makilogalamu, fungo lokhalo la vwende limatsalira, ndipo nkhaka ya ku Armenia imadyedwa idakali yobiriwira. Komanso, chomeracho chimakhala chodzikweza kwambiri pakukula kwake ndipo chimabala zipatso kuti chisanu.
Zojambula zapadera: zithunzi ndi mayina amitundu
Kuchokera kwa abale angapo, vwende ya Vietnamese imadziwika bwino ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu ndi ya bulauni. Komabe, uwu si mwayi wokhawo wosiyanasiyana.
Ndiye chifukwa chake mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Vietnam imatchedwa kuti chinanazi melon. Amakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri, kununkhira kwamphamvu komanso mnofu wofewa, wosangalatsa. Anthu ambiri amayerekezera izi ndi ma melon odziwika a kumwera ndi Central Asia, kulemera kwa Vietnamese kokha kumafika 250 g.
Rough melotria kapena mbewa melon kuchokera ku Maldives akuti ndi woimira kwambiri mtunduwo. Kunyumba, mbewu zakuthengo ndi mipesa yosatha.
Ku Europe ndi USA, posachedwa chikhalidwe chimatchedwa chivwende chocheperako ndipo pansi pa dzina ili mitundu ya vwende, pachithunzichi, imakulidwa m'nyumba ndi m'nyumba. Zipatsozo ndizakudya, koma osati zotsekemera, koma zimakhala ndi zowawasa zonunkhira zowoneka bwino ndipo ndizoyenera kuzisunga komanso kuzigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano.
Chikhalidwe china cha Kivano, chomwe ndi chokongola kwambiri, chinabwera ku Europe kuchokera ku Africa. Mpesa waudzu, wopatsa zipatso zachikasu kapena lalanje kutalika kwa 12 mpaka 15cm, sikuti umangokhala kanthu wotchedwa melon, chifukwa maungu owala amakongoletsa zonyezimira zofewa.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yankhuni wamba, pomwe mnofu ndiwomwe ungadye, Kiwano amadya chimanga, pomwe pali mbewu zobiriwira zoyera kapena zopepuka. Zakudya zonunkhira zokoma, zofanana ndi zotsitsimutsa za nyama yokhala ndi mavwende okhala ndi nyanga zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga jams, marinade ndi pickles.
