Zipatso ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pazakudya zathu ndipo, zabwino kwambiri zake ndizodzikulitsa. Timalingalira ngati titathira mitengo ndi mankhwala, ndipo ngati tingafune, titha kudzala zachilengedwe mwachilengedwe. Ndipo zowonadi, kusamalira dimba lanu lomwe kumabweretsa chisangalalo chosayerekezeka, kuwongola msana wathu, kutiteteza ku matenda amtima ndi kukhumudwa. Chapakatikati, timayang'ana duwa pachimake, nthawi yotentha ndi yophukira timatuta, kusangalatsa mabanja ndi abwenzi ndi mbewu yaulere, yolimidwa yokha.
Koma bwanji ngati chiwembucho chili chaching'ono, koma mukufuna kukhala ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana momwe mungathere? Ogulitsa aliwonse opanda chinyengo adatigulitsa mitundu "yolakwika", kapena mbewu zambiri zokhala ndi zobzala zambiri, zinali zachisoni kutulutsa chiwembucho, koma sanafune kubala chipatso, kapena mtengo wa maapozi ukalamba. Pali zifukwa zambiri zopeera kusakhutitsidwa ndi dimba lanu, ndipo pali njira imodzi yokha yotithandizira - vaccinici. Ndi thandizo lawo, titha kudzala mphukira zamtchire, kukonzanso mitundu, kubwezeretsanso kukalamba koma kukula m'malo apulo kapena peyala. Mwa njira, muukalamba ndizotheka kuwabzala moyenera - ndiwokhazikika pakati pa mitengo yazipatso. Katemera amatimasulira ku kufunika kotula mbewu zosafunikira.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mulibe malo pang'ono, mutha kudzala mitundu kumtundu umodzi pamtengo umodzi.
Zinsinsi kwa katemera wopambana
Musanayambe katemera, muyenera kukonzekera. Mumafunikira chida chakuthwa, mpeni wamunda wa katemera, var vars wamunda ndi zomangira. Ndikofunika kukhala ndi yankho la zircon ndi epin mu botolo losabala - ali othandiza kwambiri kuti apitirize katemera. Ndipo, chabwino, muyenera kudula.
Tikulemba malamulo angapo omwe muyenera kutsatira ngati mukufuna kuchita bwino.
- Katemera amachitika kokha pamtengo wathanzi. Zomera zowonongeka ndi kuzizira, ngati sizidulidwa limodzi ndi thunthu, sizoyenera kukhala ngati katundu.
- Zitsamba za miyala ziyenera kukhala zosakwana zaka 10. Mitengo ya apulo ndi mapeyala zimabzala nthawi iliyonse.
- Mukatemera mitundu ingapo pamtengo umodzi, zindikirani kuti ziyenera kucha nthawi yomweyo.
- Mitengo yamiyala yamiyala imalumikizidwa pamaso pa mitengo ya makangaza.
- Zipatso zamiyala ziyenera kumanikizidwa pamiyala yamiyala, ndipo zipatso za pome ziyenera kumanikizidwa pa chipatso cha mbewu.
- Tengani zodulidwa pokhapokha pamitengo yathanzi. Mutha kuwakonzekeretsa m'dzinja kapena nthawi yachisanu ndikusunga m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena m'chipale chofewa.
- Chapakatikati, kudula kumadulidwa kuti masamba awonekere ndikulowetsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
- Ma cution a Scion amatengedwa bwino kwambiri kuchokera kumtengo wapakati kumwera kwa mtengowo.
- Katemerayu ayenera kuchitidwa mwachangu, ndipo zigawo za cambium pamtundu ndi scion ziyenera kufanana.
- Ndipo, zoona, manja, zida ndi zolumikizira za mtengowo ndi zodulidwazo ziyenera kukhala zoyera.
Njira zabwino zopimira katemera
Munkhaniyi tikambirana koyambirira kwa katemera wa masika mothandizidwa ndi ma cuttings - kukopera.
Pofuna kuti zomwe zafotokozeredwa pansipa zikhale zomveka, tiyeni tipeze zomwe scion ndi stock.
- Privoy - Uwu ndi phesi yomwe tidzabzala, gawo lomwe lilime zipatso m'tsogolo. Ma cution a Scion amayenera kutengedwa pamtengo wathanzi labwino. Ndikofunika kudula kudula mpaka 30 cm.
- Zomera - Ili ndiye gawo la mtengo womwe phesi lomanikizidwira; umayendetsa bwino michere pamwamba pa mtengowo.
Mukamapereka katemera, katundu amayenera kukhala maso, ndipo scion igone.
Gawani katemera
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito katemera wotere, m'mimba mwake pamalowo muyenera kukhala yokulirapo kuposa mulifupi mwake. Njirayi ndi yoyenera m'matangadza achichepere, komanso pobwezeretsa mitengo yakale. Pa katundu m'modzi mungapange ma scion angapo.
- Ndikofunika kudula masheya kutalika kwa 15-30 cm kuchokera pansi.
- Katundu ayenera kugawanika kuti mawonekedwe agawo, ngati thunthu ndi lambiri, osati mizere yakuya kwambiri yopangidwa.
- Zodulidwa ziyenera kudulidwa kukhala impso ziwiri.
- Kumapeto kwa chogwirira kumadulidwa ngati mphero.
- Shank imayikidwa mu cleavage kuti makungwa awo azigundana, kukongoletsa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono mpaka pakati.
- M'pofunika kukhetsa yankho la epin ndi zircon kupita kwa katemera ku mbali zonse ziwiri ndi malaya okhala ndi wosanjikiza wa mund var.
- Ikani chovala chovinikidwa mu yofooka njira yokhala ndi mkuwa wokhala ndi kukonzekera katemera.
Katemera wa Spike
Choyipa chochepa kwambiri cha katemera wa chitsa. Zoyenerera bwino ngati m'mimba mwake wa scion ndi stock ndizosiyana kwambiri. Pa gawo limodzi, mutha kupanga katemera angapo.
- Mtundu umadulidwa kutalika kwa 15-30 cm kuchokera pansi pamlingo wa 30 degrees.
- Makungwa a chitsa amapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a T.
- Dulani phesi kukhala masamba awiri pambali pa 30 madigiri.
- Ikani chogwirizira pamwamba pa khungwa la chitsa.
- Amagwira malo katemera ndi epin ndi Var var.
- Ikani malamba olimba.
Chisava
- Gawo lachifundo limapangidwa motalikirana ndi 15-30 cm kuchokera padziko lapansi.
- Pangani chozungulira chamtundu.
- Mapewa amadulidwa pachikhatho, ndipo odulidwawo amapangidwa.
- Dongosolo la chogwirizira limayambitsidwa pakupanga khungwa kotero kuti phewa limapuma motsutsana ndi kudula kwakatundu.
- Ikani madontho ochepa a epin ku malo a katemera ndikuwachitira ndi var vars.
- Khazikitsani bandeji yolimba.
Mbali kudula Ankalumikiza
- Mtengo umadulidwa kutalika kwa 15-30 cm.
- Khungwa la chitsa ndi mtengo wa scion limadulidwa, kudula kumadulidwa ndikuzama.
- Dulani phesi kukhala impso ziwiri, pangani magawo awiri ofunikira pansi kuchokera kumbali zotsutsana.
- Ikani zodula mu kudula kwa chitsa kuti mabatani agwirizane bwino.
- Katemerayo amasungunuka ndi epin, kenako gawo limathandizidwa ndi var vars.
- Pukuta malo okualumikiza ndi zinthu zomangira.
Katemera wosavuta wa masika
Chitani ndi makulidwe omwewo a scion ndi stock.
- Dulani katunduyo pamtunda wa masentimita 20 mpaka 40 kuchokera pansi.
- Onse pa scion ndi pa stock amapanga zomwezovekeratu zosaposa 5 cm.
- Alumikizeni kuti cambium yosanjikiza igwirizane.
- Malowo odulidwawo amathandizidwa ndi yankho la epin ndi zircon, ndipo kenako var.
- Katemerayo amamangidwa mwamphamvu ndi nsalu.
Katemera Wam'madzi Watsopano
Kusiyana kochokera koyambirira ndikuti pa scion ndi pazomwe zili pakati pa oblique odulidwa, ma serif omwewo amapangidwa. Chifukwa chake, scion ndi stock zimakhala bwino moyandikana.
Bandeji yazomera zometedwa zitha kuchotsedwa mu mwezi, kuchokera kwa okalamba chaka chimodzi. Osawopa kulandira katemera - palibe zovuta. Chinthu chachikulu apa ndi luso. Mukachita katemera wambiri kapena awiri, simungakhale katswiri, koma mudzalandira katemera mwachangu, moyenera ndipo kupulumuka kwawo kudzakhala kwakukulu. Ndipo luso loterolo, ndikhulupirireni, silikhala labwino kwambiri.
Momwe mungaphikirere var munda ndi manja anu
Malo ogulitsira ndi malo ogulitsa maluwa amagulitsa var var. Ngati mukukayikira mtundu wake, konzani dimba wekha. Maphikidwe ochepa amaperekedwa pansipa. Sangangobisa kumata ndikumata mitengo ndikudula mitengo, komanso kuthana ndi zowonongeka nkhuni - zimatsatira bwino ndikulimbikitsa mitengo.
Mukawonjezera piritsi 1 la heteroauxin pa 1 makilogalamu a var ku choko koma osakundana kale ndi duwa, lopangidwa molingana ndi maphikidwe aliwonse, kuthekera kwake kuchiritsa mabala ndikuthandizira kuchiritsa kwachangu kwa odulidwa kumakulirakulira.
Maphikidwe ophika kumunda wa var
- Nigrol putty ndi wabwino pochotsa kuwonongeka kwa nkhuni m'dera lalikulu. Nigrol, paraffin ndi rosin muyezo wa 1: 1: 1 amawotchera mbiya ina, ndiye phulusa lamatanda abwino limawonjezeredwa ndi nigrol yotentha, yosakaniza, kutsanulira rosin ndi paraffin. Izi putty ayenera kutenthetsedwa pamaso ntchito.
- Whuni woledzera nkhuni wakonzedwa kuti uzigwiritsa ntchito kuzizira. Mafuta ndi rosin amatengedwa molingana ndi 1:16 ndikusungunuka ndikusuntha mpaka misa ikhale yunifolomu. Kenako chimacho chimachotsedwa pamoto ndipo magawo 8 a nkhuni mowa amawatsanulira. Khalani otsekeka kwambiri.
- Chinsinsi chotchipa kwambiri. Mafuta, sera kapena parafini ndi rosin amatengedwa mu tizidutswa ta 1: 2: 4, yophika kwa mphindi 30 pa moto wochepa, kenako ndikuthiridwa m'madzi ozizira. Sungani pepala lamafuta.
- Mtundu wabwino kwambiri uli ndi var varamba, wopangidwa motengera njuchi. Beeswax - magawo anayi ndi rosin - magawo 20 amafunikira kusungunuka m'malo osiyanasiyana, kenako sakanizani bwino ndikuwonjezera gawo limodzi la mafuta opaka. Pambuyo poti osakaniza achotsedwa pamoto, muyenera kuwonjezera magawo awiri a makala osweka bwino. Zachidziwikire, kuti mundawu wachidimba uzikhala wokwera mtengo, koma ngati muli ndi mwayi ,aphikeni.
Gwiritsani ntchito maupangiri athu ndipo mwina patapita zaka zingapo mudzakhala mutemera anthu onse oyandikana nawo.
