Momwe mungakulire mbande za kabichi kunyumba Mfundo zodzala kabichi kwa mbande Kubzala mu nthaka

Kabichi ndi masamba otchuka omwe ali ndi zakudya zambiri zopatsa thanzi. Chikhalidwechi ndi hypoallergenic, chili ndi mavitamini ambiri (A, C, E magulu B ndi PP), lutein ndi zeoxanthin (mankhwala omwe amasintha masomphenyawo, amateteza retina kuti isawonongeke mopanda malire kumayambitsa khansa).

Kupezeka kwa kabichi muzakudya kumalimbikitsa kupangika kwa minofu yam'mafupa, kusintha kagayidwe, kumathandiza kuwongolera njira ya hematopoiesis.

Mbali yachilengedwe ya mitundu yonse ya kabichi ndiyomwe imayambitsa matenda ndi tizirombo. Kupeza ndiwo zamasamba popanda zizindikiro za matenda, kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo, kabichi amathandizidwa ndimakonzedwe apadera kangapo pa sabata (atakula pamsika wamafuta). Kuti mupeze zogulitsa zachilengedwe, ndibwino kukula kabichi m'dera lanu.

Kusankha kwa mbewu ndi ukadaulo waulimi pakukula mbande za kabichi

Kabichi ya gulu lililonse (choyambirira, chapakati, mochedwa) imakulidwa kudzera mbande. Kuti njirayi ikhale yopambana, muyenera kusankha mbewu zapamwamba. Gulani mbewu m'masitolo apadera. Chidziwitso chotsatirachi chikuyenera kuwonetsedwa pa phukusi: mayina osiyanasiyana, ubale ndi gululi, kukula, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufesa ndi kubzala panthaka, masiku okolola. Samalani kugawa mitengo - mitundu yotereyi imakonda kwambiri matenda ndi tizirombo. Ndikofunika kuti mukule mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso zakucha.

Kwa onse kabichi, mosasamala kanthu za mitundu (kabichi yoyera, kohlrabi, Savoy, ndi zina), matekinoloje okulira mbande ali ofanana. Kusiyanitsa chisamaliro kumayamba mutabzala poyera.

Njira zokulira mbande za kabichi zitha kukhala ndi zina: kutola, osatola, m'makoka, mumipanda yosiyana, mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndi zina zambiri. Masamba a mbewuyo ndi osalimba, owonongeka mosavuta, motero ndi bwino kukula m'miphika yosiyanasiyana popanda kudumphira m'madzi. Kubera kungachedwetse kukula kwa mbewu. Chinyengo ichi chimatha kusinthidwa ngati mbande yabzalidwa koyambirira kwambiri kapena nyengo ikakhala kuti sikumasulidwa ndikutulutsa malo ena. Mukatola, zimayambira za mbewuzo zimakhala zowongoka bwino, zokutira, mbande zimasunthira mosavuta zomwe zimadza pambuyo pake.

Mukadzala kabichi kwa mbande

Momwe mungakulire mbande za kabichi kunyumba chithunzi

Kubzala nthawi yam'mera kabichi:

• Mukadzala kabichi koyambirira kwa mbande: kabzalani mitundu yoyambirira ya kabichi kumapeto kwa February-koyambirira kwa Marichi
• Bzalani sing'anga mitundu ya kabichi kuyambira chakhumi cha Marichi mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo
• Mukadzala mochedwa kabichi pa mbande: mitundu yamapeto yamabichi yofesedwa pa mbande nthawi yoyamba komanso yachiwiri ya Epulo.
• June yoyera kabichi mutabzala mbande? Kubzala mbande kumayambiriro kwa June, kubzala mbewu kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena Meyi.
• Mukabzala Brussels mphukira za mbande: kuyambira khumi eyiti ya Marichi mpaka khumi zoyambirira za April.
• Chokongoletsera kabichi chofesedwa mbande: kuyambira m'ma March mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo.
• Kodi kubzala Beijing kabichi kwa mbande: khumi zoyambirira za Epulo.
• Kodi kubzala kolifulawa kwa mbande: lachiwiri kapena lachitatu la Marichi, masiku 40-50 musanabzalidwe pansi.

Nthawi yake ikuwonetsedwa. Mukabzala mbewu za kabichi kwa mbande zimatengera mitundu, nyengo ya mbewuyo, nyengo yomwe mukukula (zimakhudzanso kukula kwina). Chifukwa chake, mitundu yoyambirira yakonzeka kukolola m'masiku 90-120, mkati mwa nyengo - mu 150-170, ndipo pambuyo pake - m'masiku 160-180.

Ground kabichi mbande ndi kukonzekera muli

Dothi limafunikira chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopepuka, chopumira, chinyezi. Kwa iwo omwe sakonda kutaya nthawi, ndizotheka kuti tizingokhala dothi lokhala ndi mbande.

Maziko a gawo lapansi amatha kukhala dothi lamasamba kapena lamasamba (kapena zonse zofanana). Onjezani humus kapena peat. Nthaka zotayidwa zimathandizira kupereka utuchi, perlite kapena mchenga wamtsinje. Gawo la zosakaniza ndi 1: 2: 1.

Kusakaniza kochokera ku dothi lamtunda ndikuphatikizidwa ndi phulusa, laimu ndi mchenga ndizoyenera.

Sakanizani zonse zosakaniza bwino. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amodzi mwa njira izi: kuzizira, calcining, kuwonda, kukonza ndi yankho lamphamvu la potaziyamu permanganate.

Kuthira dothi losakanizidwa mutatha kupha tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kenako ikani feteleza. Kwa makilogalamu 10 a nthaka mudzafunika: 15-20 g wa urea kapena ammonium nitrate, 20-25 g wa granular superphosphate, 25 g wa hydrate laimu, 10 g wa potaziyamu sulfate. M'malo mwa izi mungathe 30-35 g nitroammofoski.

Monga chidebe chomwe mungagwiritse ntchito: mabokosi wamba, makontena apadera okhala ndi maselo, makapu amodzi, mapoto a peat.

Kufesa kabichi kwa mbande

• Mukabzala m'mabokosi ,fesani m'mizere, ndikuwona mtunda wa 5-6 masentimita pakati pa mizere ndi 3-4 cm pakati pa mbewu.
• Pobzala nokha, ikani njere imodzi m'makaseti kapena mapoto a peat.
• Kuzama kwa kuphatikizika - 1-2 cm.
• Phimbani mbewu ndi filimu kapenagalasi.
• Mpaka mbande ziziwoneka, nyowetsani nthaka ndi siponji yabwino.

Momwe mungabzalire bwino kabichi ya mbande kunyumba kanema:

Kukula mbande za kabichi kwa njere

Zoyenera kukula mbande kabichi

M'magawo osiyanasiyana okukula mmera, kutentha koyenera ndikofunikira:

• Kuyambira nthawi yofesa mpaka mawonekedwe a mphukira (pafupifupi masiku 7), kutentha kwa nthaka kuyenera kukhala 18-20 ° C, ndi kutentha komwe kukukhazikika masana - 8-10 ° C, usiku - 7-9 ° C.
• Pambuyo pakukula kwa masiku 12 mpaka 15, tsitsani kutentha kwa dothi masana mpaka 15-17 ° C, usiku uyenera kukhala 12 ° C. Siyani kutentha kwa mpweya kusasinthika.

Zoyenera kuchita kuti mbande za kabichi zisatambitse vidiyo:

Momwe Mungayendetsere Mbande za Kabichi

Gawo la maonekedwe enieni a masamba enieni, sankhani mmera. Tsinani nsonga ya muzu, kenako ndikuzama kulowa munthaka ndikufika kumapanga.

Mukadumphira pansi, musanabzidwe pamalo otseguka, kutentha kwa nthaka kuyenera kukhala 10 ° C, kutentha kwa mpweya masana kuyenera kukhala 14-16 ° C, ndipo usiku uyenera kukhala 7-10 ° C.

Chifukwa chosowa magetsi, mbande zimakokedwa. Kuti mbande ikhale yolimba, ndikofunikira kupereka maola owerengera maola 12-15. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent.

Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono. Osaloleza kuti chinyezi chisamire kuti mizu yopyapyala isavutike ndi zowola. Madzi pafupifupi kamodzi pa sabata.

Momwe mungayeretsere mbande za kabichi pamaseti kunyumba, onani vidiyo:

Momwe mungayendetsere mbande kabichi mu wowonjezera kutentha, onani kanemayo:

Matenda Akuluakulu a Kabichi

Mbande imatha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda otsatirawa: blackleg, mucous ndi mtima bacteriosis, fusarium wilt.

Kuti izi zisachitike, muyenera:

• Thirani mbande ndi yankho la zinthu zachilengedwe (phytosporin, trichodermin kapena planriz). Kuphika mogwirizana ndi malangizo omwe ali phukusi.
• Tambalala dothi ndi mchenga kapena zinthu zina zosagwira chinyezi.
• Kuchepetsa kuthamanga ndi kuthirira kwa kuthirira, makamaka ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala kochepa.

Kutetezedwa ku tizirombo timafunikanso. Tizilombo ta nkhanu zazikulu, njenjete za kabichi, ntchentche kabichi, nsabwe za m'masamba, fumbi, njereza, ndi zina zotere. Polimbana ndi kudya masamba, lepidocide, bitoxybacillin, dendrobacillin adziwonetsa okha bwino.

Momwe mungadyetse mbande za kabichi

Dyetsani mbande. Mu gawo la mapangidwe atsopano masamba a 2-3, onjezerani yankho: 10m yamadzi 20-25 g wa superphosphate, 20 g wa ammonium nitrate, 5-10 g wa potaziyamu kloridi. Itha m'malo ndi yankho la 30-35 g nitroammophoski pa madzi omwewo. Onjezerani chovala chachiwiri pambuyo pa masiku 10-12, ndipo chachitatu (ngati kuli kofunikira) - atatha masiku 15-20. Pambuyo povala zovala zapamwamba, onetsetsani kuti mumatsuka mbeu ndi madzi oyera.

Momwe mungakwiyire

Ndikofunikira kuyendetsa kuumitsa kwa mbande (kuzolowera kuzungulira kwa kutentha pang'ono, mpweya wambiri, mpweya wowala). Sungani kutentha kwa usiku pakati pa 7-8 ° C, nthawi ya 14-14 ° C, ndi nyengo yamitambo 12-14 ° C.

Kukonzekeretsa kabichi mbande kuti mubzale pansi

Mukadzala mbande za kabichi poyera

Mukadzala liti mbande za kabichi pansi? Mbande zoyambilira zakonzeka kupandukira pamalo otseguka pambuyo pa masiku 45-55 a kukula, pakati komanso mochedwa - patatha masiku 35-45. Mmera uyenera kukhala ndi mizu yolimba bwino, tsinde lopindika, masamba a 5-7 amtundu wofanana (wopanda mawanga, kuwonongeka), kutalika kwa chomera kuyenera kukhala 18-20, 20-25 cm, motsatana.

Momwe mungabzala mbande za kabichi pansi

Mbande za kabichi siziopa kutentha kochepa, ndizotheka kubzala mbande ngakhale m'malo okhazikika osazizira usiku. Zomera zimatha kupirira kuzizira kwakanthawi kochepa kufika pa 2 ° C, koma ndibwino kubzala pomwe palibe mitengo yobwerera.

Zambiri pazomwe zalembedwa mu digito ndizowerengera, zowonetsera. Munthawi iliyonse, akhale ndi mfundo zawo pafupi ndi zomwe zawonetsedwa.

Mbande za kabichi zimabzalidwa nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri zimangotsatira dongosolo la 40x50 cm. zitsime zimapangidwa, ndikuzama, kotero kuti madzi amadzaza pambuyo kuthirira. Pambuyo pake, ndikamasula, nthaka imagwedezeka, kugona pang'ono kabichi kabichi mpaka masamba, chifukwa pomwe mizu yamphamvu imaphukira.